Suchergebnisse

This paper empirically analyzes the determinants of rural poverty in developing countries. Using data from a sample of 32 developing countries we are able to show that income redistribution in favor of the poorest 10 percent of the population, improving the productivity of agricultural workers, raising the economic and social status of women, especially of rural women, government policies aimed at reducing systemic discrimination against ethnic minorities, encouraging tourism where possible, and programs designed to assist the irrigation of croplands are called for in the quest for alleviating poverty in rural areas. As the extent of rural poverty is reduced, an added benefit is the deceleration of the rural‐urban migration process, which results in less pressure on government to provide additional spending on services such as sanitation, health, and education in urban areas as well as having to deal with a host of problems associated with overgrown cities such as a higher incidence of crime and of shanty towns on the outskirts of these cities.

Since independence, the problem of mass poverty in Pakistan
has been substantial. The number of the destitute has continued to soar.
The problem of poverty now looks to be beyond control. The vast masses
of the people, particularly in rural areas, are indeed, miserably below
the poverty line. Moreover, the socioeconomic and demographic indicators
are dismal. Official planning and the market economy system have failed
to lessen poverty. The policies formulated to eradicate it have failed
to achieve their objectives. The issue of poverty in Pakistan has its
significance for sustainable development. Long run development is not
possible without protecting the rights of the vulnerable groups and the
participation of the entire population in the development process.
Although Pakistan's economic growth has been quite respectable for much
of the last four decades but it has failed to trickle down to the
masses. The country has experienced poverty and stagnation in 1950s,
increasing poverty and growth in the 1960s, stagnation of growth but
declining poverty in the 1970s, increasing growth and declining poverty
in the 1980s and finally, increasing poverty and falling growth in the
1990s [MHCHD/UNDP (1999)].

Poverty is one of the major challenges facing democratic South Africa. This article focuses on poverty in South Africa, using the Income and Expenditure Survey conducted in 1995 by Statistics South Africa (formerly the Central Statistical Service). In the first part different approaches that can be followed in the measurement of poverty are discussed. In the second part, Sen's approach to the measurement of poverty and the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) technique have been used to analyse the above data. CHAID is used to explore the relationship between the poverty status of the household (ie poor or non-poor) and other household characteristics. These variables can then be used as predictor of poverty status. (Dev South Afr/DÜI)