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Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Adolescent Biology, Poverty and Risk -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Statistics: Diverse Youth = Dramatically Better Youth -- What Lies Behind Youthful Improvements? -- Are Teenagers just "Stupid"? A Dissent -- Biology and Adolescent Development: The Modern Transition -- Juvenile Justice: An Example of Misapplied Developmental Theory -- Is This Science? -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Welfare and Change in Consumption Structure -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical Framework -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Food and Tobacco Expenditures -- 3.2. Household Expenditure on Nonfoods -- 3.3. Household Income and Income Elasticity -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Transit, Automobile, and Commuting: Do the Relationships Differ across Income Groups? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Data and Methodology -- Data -- Conceptual Model -- Transit-Based and Automobile-Based Job Accessibility -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Structural Unemployment, Family Structure and Poverty -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature on Comparative Poverty -- Measuring Poverty: US vs. Poland -- Characteristics of the Poor - Age Factor -- The Elderly -- Poverty and Education -- Poverty and Disability -- Geographical Clusters of Poverty -- Unique Characteristics of the Poor - Poland vs. US -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Income Inequality, Poverty and Economic Reforms in Douala-Cameroon -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Conceptualisation of Poverty in the City of Douala -- Sampling Procedures -- Method of Analysis -- Results and Discussions -- Income Distribution in the City of Douala -- Income Inequality and Dietary Quantity and Quality -- Income and Domestic Comfort -- Income and Health Seeking Behaviour

This book discusses critical policy issues that need to be addressed if India wishes to achieve the SDG 1 based elusive goal of ending poverty in the country. In its nine chapters, it takes the readers through trends and estimates of poverty in India, explains changes in the way it has been measured over time and the factors that lead to persistence of poverty, draws attention to the fact that hunger is both a cause and an effect of poverty and has gender and age dimensions too. The book revisits strategies that were successful in addressing poverty emanating from situations of conflict, presents a discussion on migration as a critical coping mechanism among poor, analyses the links between ill health and poverty as well as education and poverty to draw attention to the policy imperatives that need attention. India's report card on poverty remains dismal even though there is recognition of the importance of reducing or eliminating or ending it at both national and global levels. Despite rapid economic growth and improvement on a range of development indicators, an unacceptably high proportion of India's population continues to suffer poverty in multiple dimensions. SDG 1 or "ending poverty in all its forms everywhere" cannot be achieved unless policies and poverty alleviation programmes understand and address chronic poverty and its dynamics. This requires that we estimate and understand the extent of poverty, the factors that lead to people getting stuck in it and the ways this can be addressed. It also requires understanding the dynamic nature of poverty or the fact that many of those who are poor are able to move out of poverty as well as the fact that many others who are not poor become impoverished. These are the issues that are comprehensively examined and addressed in this book. In addition to students, teachers and researchers in the areas of development, economic growth, equity and welfare, the book is also of great interest to policy makers, planners and non-government agencies who are concerned with understanding and addressing poverty-related issues in the developing countries.

Cover Page -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: The Global Issue of Poverty -- 1. The Global Recession Has Caused a Slowdown in Progress Against Poverty -- 2. Global Poverty Has Decreased in Recent Years, Especially in Asia -- 3. Poverty Is Worsening in Many Countries, Especially in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 4. Most of the World's Poor Now Live in Middle-Income Countries -- 5. Income Inequality and Relative Poverty Have Risen in Industrialized Countries -- 6. The Current Measure of Poverty Is Inadequate -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 2: The Experience of Poverty Around the World -- 1. African Poverty Is Falling . . . Much Faster than You Think -- 2. South Asia Has the Largest Concentration of Poverty in the World -- 3. China Has Made Great Strides in the Elimination of Poverty -- 4. Latin America Has Experienced a Decline in Poverty and Inequality -- 5. Poverty in the Middle East and North Africa Varies Widely -- 6. Poverty in the United States Is Greater than in Other High-Income Countries -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 3: The Causes of Poverty -- 1. Poverty Around the World Is Caused by Government Intervention -- 2. Poverty Is Alleviated by Active Citizenship and Effective Governments -- 3. High Birth Rates and Population Growth Are Correlated with Poverty -- 4. Population Growth Is Not the Cause of Poverty -- 5. Hunger Is Both a Cause of and a Consequence of Poverty -- 6. Poverty Is Not Clearly Linked with Hunger -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Efforts to End Poverty -- 1. Foreign Aid in Africa Is Increasing Poverty -- 2. Foreign Aid in Africa Is Helping to Fight Poverty -- 3. Global Redistribution of Incomes Is a Solution to Inequality and Poverty

What is poverty? Is it do to with what we have compared to others around us, or is it to do with what we need to survive? This book looks at the causes and effects of extreme poverty - defined as having less than US1.90 a day to live on - and discusses how poverty is also a serious issue in the developed or industrialised world. It looks at what is what is being done to tackle extreme poverty and asks readers to think about what they can do to help those facing poverty, for example by donating to a local food bank. Age 9+

This second edition of this highly-successful glossary provides an exhaustive and authoritative guide to over 200 technical terms used in contemporary scholarly research on poverty. It seeks to make researchers, students and policy makers aware of the multi-dimensional character of this social condition. The new edition includes a range of entries to keep pace with an expanding field of discourse, an expanded set of references and further perspectives from developing countries. A special effort has been made to incorporate non-Western approaches and concepts

The volumes of debate on poverty suggest that there is no unanimously agreed definition of poverty that can be applied for everyone. Poverty is a political and highly contested concept because what commentators mean by poverty depends on what they intend to do about it. Given this context, Palash Kamruzzaman explores two key aspects of global poverty reduction. First, he asks, is it really possible to understand poverty for all poor countries through a ubiquitous definition? Why has a US dollar based definition of poverty been promoted by the international aid architecture for all poor countries? Second, the author assesses to what extent such an understanding of poverty contributed to poverty reduction in poor developing countries. This is of particular significance in the final year of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially to find out more effective ways forward for poverty reduction after 2015. Taking specific country-contexts into account, Kamruzzaman argues that national poverty lines should be the benchmark for future anti-poverty policies.

This edited book analyses what traps people in chronic poverty, and what allows them to escape from it, using long-term panel surveys from six Asian and African countries. The distinguishing feature of these studies, which were commissioned by the Chronic Poverty Research Centre, is they span longer periods or have more survey waves than most developing country panels. This allows a detailed account of the maintainers of chronic poverty and drivers of poverty dynamics. Many of the studies (from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nepal, Pakistan, South Africa and Vietnam) are written by leading development