"Collection of essays identifying problems and risks associated with foreign investment in Cuba. Appendices reproduce the foreign investment law of 1982 (since replaced by a new foreign investment law passed in 1995) and accompanying regulations"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57
The author studied the huge work done by researchers on archival materials and sources related to the history of the economic and political life of Russia in the late XIX-early XX centuries, its institutions and representatives. At the same time, the study sometimes goes beyond the accumulated experience and views of Russian scientists (M. Delyagin, V. Katasonov, M. Khazin, A. Rode and others). The relevant opinions of historians are also presented on the subject indicated in the title of the article (N. Danilevsky, Yu. Zhukov, A. Pyzhikov, etc.). One of the results of the study is a brief analysis of the work on establishing large humanitarian-production complexes. The aim of the study was to systematize theoretical approaches to control for their further application in practice. The reasons for the existence of various conceptual approaches in Russia are the uncritical study and application of controlling by experts from different fields of knowledge and the insufficient, if not competent, filling of both curricula and practices. In addition, for a long time, the specific popular perception of private property and its derivative processes in society was not appreciated. In carrying out this study, the author used the methods of structural and functional analysis, historical-comparative and problem-chronological, as well as the epistemological method. The paper systematizes the existing approaches to the classification of controlling and proposes a format that takes into account the features of the model of the controlling system. It is recommended to use the results of theoretical and methodological studies for training specialists in the field of economics and management, as well as in the real practice of large industrial enterprises.
Problems arising from the insolvency (bankruptcy) procedures of a unitary undertaking are currently very relevant, since, in the context of competition relations, the redistribution of ownership may also take place outside the framework of privatization legislation. This article is dedicated to the analysis of both theoretical and practical problems of the competitiveness of a unitary company. The authors of the paper point out that the lack of a special term for the designation of unitary enterprises on the right to economic management is one of the systemic shortcomings of Russian doctrine of civil law. The study methodology includes a group of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction), as well as a group of special methods: analysis of the content of scientific literature and analysis of the regulatory framework. It is concluded that Russian law should create a legal model that excludes the operation of non-proprietary entities alongside legal conditions that prevent abuse of their competitive status, both by the arbitration administrator and by the public legal entity that owns the debtor unitary enterprise.
The article addresses the qualification problems of armed conflicts. The study was conducted through the analysis of international legal doctrine, international treaties, decisions of international organizations. Attention is paid to the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Court. It is noted that International Humanitarian Law has been in place since the beginning of the armed conflict. Therefore, the application of International Humanitarian Law does not require any recognition of the existence of armed conflict (international or non-international); this conflict exists because of armed clashes. It is emphasized that the need to classify the conflict arises in view of domestic and international legal factors (to bring to international criminal justice those who have committed war crimes; state responsibility for internationally wrongful acts, etc.). Attention was paid to the non-existence of a single body, which was empowered to determine the existence of an armed conflict. Different international agencies may have different qualifications for the same armed conflict. It is concluded that it is necessary to establish a Committee of Experts under the UN Secretary-General, to avoid different qualifications from the same armed conflict.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the general legal problems of the regulation of economic relations in the Russian Federation. Problems that lead to insufficiently effective legal regulation are identified, while identifying directions for resolving them. The objective of this research was to review theoretical and practical problems of the effectiveness of the legal regulation of economic relations in the example of the Russian Federation, which makes it possible to draw some conclusions. To obtain the results, a set of scientific techniques and methods of study of phenomena and processes were applied, such as synthesis methods, comparative jurisprudence, as well as a formal legal method and an economic modelling method. The method of economic modelling made it possible to assess the extent to which and at what costs, the rule of law has produced the expected economic effect. It is concluded that the effectiveness of legal regulation is one of the essential legal categories and that the legislator is obliged to monitor existing legal standards for its effectiveness.
The purpose of the research was to reveal the process of becoming a person in the information society. The problem of personal formation in the modern conditions of growth of the role of information communication technologies becomes topical problems in the field of social studies. The volume of information, information resources and corresponding technologies significantly influence different sides of social life and processes of humans. The following methods were used in the study: analysis, synthesis, modeling, mathematical statistics and others. The tasks of the study included analyzing the approaches, ideas about the features of personality formation in the information society. It has been shown that the solution of this problem is associated with the formation of human information culture. The paper presents the process of perception of the essence of this category, as well as describes a number of concepts, the essence of which allows to specify the content of the concept of "information culture". These are the following categories: information, culture, information needs. Special attention was paid to the development of information needs in educational institutions.
The Argentine monetary system was established by law Nº 1030 in 1881. This law adopted the bimetallism gold and silver, a system which was short lived, barely lasting two years until law 1354 disposed that the banks should only issue notes payable in national gold pesos, thus following the system of the countries of the Latin Union. A far reaching event was the creation of the Conversion Bank in 1890, an activity which was to last 45 years, and to which the country is indebted for its outstanding services. The object of its existence was the conversion (exchange of gold to notes) and the withdrawal of gold in circulation. In response to the necessity of carrying out a monetary security programme, in 1935 law 12155 created the Central Bank. It was not formed as an official entity, its aim being to assure independence from political powers. However, in 1946, due to contrary ideas, the Central Bank was nationalized together with the deposits of the commercial banks. When the Central Bank was created it had the exclusive privilege of issuing notes, but was obliged to maintain a minimum metallic reserve, thus responding to the ideas of that time, where metallic guarantee was considered to be the firmest support of currency value. Now days on the contrary it is considered to be a system in decline. However, money issuing should be limited in accordance with BENDIXEN'S words "Issue new money when progress of economic life increases production and withdraw it from circulation when production decreases". ; Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas
The increase in the number of natural disasters that has been observed in recent decades around the world under the influence of increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment, not only often causes significant damage to the economy and infrastructure of the territories, but also causes people to die and their mass migrations. In the light of these trends, the environmental situation is increasingly becoming the subject of scientific interest of researchers of various specialties: not only climatologists, but also economists and demographers. However, despite the increasing publication activity, in particular, on problems of population migration caused by climate change and environmental problems, there are significant gaps in the theoretical and methodological aspect. Our analysis of the scientific discourse (mostly English-speaking) showed that the discrepancies concern not only the question of which immigrants should be classified as environmental or climate migrants, but also the very term "environmental migrants", as well as the legal issue of the necessity and legality of providing such persons of refugee status. It has been established that at the moment "environmental refugees" do not actually have and never had refugee status, either in accordance with the relevant UN Convention or in accordance with the national legislation of any country. The article attempts to systematize and analyze the existing theoretical and methodological approaches to this problem and, on its basis, gives recommendations regarding their application. The features of statistical accounting for environmental migrants are established. The main difficulties of identifying and identifying those migration processes that resulted from changes in the environment are identified, since along with natural factors, a combination of other socio-economic factors, such as low living standards or poverty, often influence decision-making on resettlement. The principles that should be followed when organizing environmental migration statistics at the national level are given. Two groups of existing international sources of quantitative data on environmental migration are described: a bibliographic database containing materials and publications on environmental migration, as well as a database of quantitative data that provide information on the number of displaced persons. The relationship between climate change and the impact on the quality of life of the population has been identified. The negative impact of climate change on the level and quality of life of the population was identified primarily in rural areas, which led to an increase in the scale and deepening of poverty, and also caused the migration of the rural population.
The article discusses the theoretical and methodological problems of actively developing in modern conditions ecological culture, determining its place in the system of humanities. The growing importance of new conception of scientific research and sociocultural practices in the context of the global problems of our time is determined.It is necessary to know the experts' opinion which environmental problems are being identified as most significant. Only afterwards we can find the ways to solve them. Thereby based on the analysis of materials of the Russian scientific-practical conference with international participation "Environmental protection as a factor of the socio-economic development of municipalities: experience and problems" (2017, Rostov-on-Don, Kurgan), and the results of the Russian expert opinion research conducted by scientists of Rostov scientific elitological school it was concluded that there is an objective necessity to create a unified structure of natural resource management and environmental protection in territorial entities (Vorontsov, Mamychev, Ponedelkov, Yanguzin and Vildanov, 2017; Ponedelkov, Starostin, Mamychev, Grigoryan and Verenich, 2018). At the same time, the prerequisites and trends, the problematic aspects of the development of environmentally-oriented processes in modern Russian conditions determine that the organization of an effective environmental protection policy as a factor of socio-economic development and mechanisms of the implementation its strategic goals in the field of environmental development existing public administration system is possible only if appropriate conditions are created for the dynamic development of the system of environmental education and upbringing, as well as the necessity of developing the implementation of a new civilizational paradigm as a new eco-human behavioral paradigm