Suchergebnisse

"Process Tracing Methods in the Social Sciences" published on by Oxford University Press.

This contribution develops process tracing (PT) as a method for Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA). It explains what it takes to conduct PT, trace a mechanism, and draw conclusions on that basis. Importantly, I lay out an analyticist approach to PT that is amendable to more actor-centered and interpretivist studies. This approach treats mechanisms as akin to Weberian ideal types: abstract constructs that are adduced from multiple concrete, contextually embedded, and largely idiosyncratic instantiations. This creates space for agency and contingency and allows us to a) study how a mechanism or concatenation of mechanisms led to a particular outcome; b) assess how the mechanism(s) functioned in a given context; and c) abstract from the specific instantiation(s) more general propositions about foreign policy making. In an empirical example of state employment of Private Military and Security Contractors, drawing on interpretivist and narrative-based understandings of FPA, I illustrate what this means in practice.

In search of high accuracy and convenient implementation, computational optics uses several modeling techniques such as Maxwell's equations-based methods, ray-tracing method, Fourier optics methods and many others. Each with its advantages, disadvantages, and applicability caveats. In this paper, we describe Monte Carlo photon tracing as a simulation technique for computational optics. The validity of the main assumptions in the simulation method is demonstrated with examples, and limitations of method's applicability are discussed.

Kausale Mechanismen und Process Tracing stehen im Zentrum der Methodendiskussion in der Politikwissenschaft. Die beiden Begriffe werden jedoch häufig nur als Schlagworte verwendet. Dieses Buch zeigt, wie Politikforschung mittels Process Tracing systematisch angelegt und wie politische Prozesse mittels kausaler Mechanismen im Detail besser verstanden und erklärt werden können. Es beleuchtet Geschichte und theoretische Grundlagen des Konzepts der kausalen Mechanismen und stellt eine Weiterentwicklung zu einer Theorie kausaler Mechanismen vor. Darüber hinaus wird erläutert, wie in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Literatur bereits identifizierte Mechanismen zur Erklärung politischer Entwicklungen genutzt werden können. Ein Leitfaden zur Vorgehensweise mittels Process Tracing bietet abschließend eine Hilfe zur eigenständigen Analyse politischer Prozesse durch Forscher_innen und Studierende.