The author examines the background to, the event, its aftermath and international reaction to Tianmen massacre on 4 June 1989 in Beijing. According to the author, divisions within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the military about the 4 June massacre and economic and political reforms will remain tense, and the unity of the party will be even more fragile after Deng Xiaoping and the other octogenarians depart. (DÜI-Sen)
THE AUTHOR RECOUNTS THE ACTIVISM AND IDEOLOGY BEHIND THE STUDENT RIOTS AND WORKER UPRISINGS IN FRANCE IN MAY 1968. HE CONCLUDES THAT THE SPIRIT OF MAY IS CLEARLY NOT MORE ALIVE BUT UNDOUBTEDLY MORE RELEVANT THAN IT WAS AT THE TIME. THE QUESTIONS RAISED IN 1968--OVER THE MEANING OF GROWTH, THE PURPOSES OF THE SOCIAL DIVISION OF LABOR, THE MENACING SIZE OF THE RULING LEVIATHAN AND ITS REAL FUNCTION--COULD BE AND WERE DISMISSED AS RATHER UTOPIAN OR NOT VERY URGENT AT A TIME WHEN THE ECONOMY WAS APPARENTLY FORGING AHEAD, INCOMES WERE RISING AND THE WELFARE STATE WAS ENSURING UNPRECEDENTED SECURITY. TODAY IN A EUROPE WITH MILLIONS OF JOBLESS, WHERE INVENTIVE ABILITY LEADS TO LONGER LINES OF UNEMPLOYED, WHERE THE WELFARE FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE AND SOCIAL SECURITY IN GENERAL ARE BEING THREATENED, THESE ARE NO LONGER ABSTRACT OR DISTANT QUESTIONS, BUT ISSUES WHICH THE LEFT MUST COHERENTLY ADDRESS.
An edited version of the "Port Huron Statement," introduced by Ilene Philipson, followed by recent comments from four of the original participants in the founding of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). The statement proposes an agenda for a generation that includes basic values, the economy, the individual in the warfare state, deterrence policy, the colonial revolution, anticommunism, foreign policy, industrialization of the world, democratization of the US, & changes in the Us. In Port Huron: Twenty-Five Years After, Richard Flacks emphasizes three themes: reformulation of vision, transcending the cold war, & the U & social change. In What's Left: The Port Huron Statement, Jim Hawley views the statement from the perspective of having been a communist when it was formulated, seeing the statement as having reopened long-suppressed issues within the Communist Party. In Between Generations, Michael Harrington notes the novelty of the statement as a document reflecting a generational politics & as a document written in American rather than translated German terminology, & inquires as to the reasons for SDS's demise. In A Manifesto of Hope, Barbara Haber describes the emergence of SDS from the civil rights movement & notes that, despite the exclusion of feminist concerns, the statement prefigured early feminist thinking in many ways. W. H. Stoddard
THERE'S A SPECTRUM OF INTENSITY OF EMPATHY RANGING FROM EXCESSIVE EMPATHY TO EXTREMELY NEGATIVE OR DIS-EMPATHY. EMPATHY FROM THE EXTREME POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE MAY SERVE VARIOUS FUNCTIONS IN DAILY LIVING AND PARTICULARLY IN POLITICS. VARIATIONS IN EMPATHY IN POLITICAL CONFLICT ARE DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS OF ISRAELIS. THERE ARE ADVANTAGES AS WELL AS DISADVANTAGES IN ALLOWING ONESELF TO EMPATHIZE, AS WELL AS TO WITHHOLD EMPATHY. IT'S CONCLUDED THAT IT WOULD BE OF VALUE FOR THE ISRAELIS, AS WELL AS NATIONS TO LOOK AT THEMSELVES IN REGARD TO SPECIAL REACTIONS TO EMPATHIZING WITH OTHERS.
Der jähe Ausbruch von Gewalt anläßlich der Opernhaus-Demonstrationen in Zürich im Juni 1980 und die nachfolgenden "Jugendunruhen" in mehreren Schweizer Städten haben Überraschung ausgelöst und zahlreiche Erklärungsversuche hervorgerufen. Der Autor entwickelt zwei Thesen: 1. Die als "Jugendunruhen" bezeichneten Ereignisse sind nicht ephemär, sie verweisen auf weitreichende gesellschaftliche Veränderungen. 2. Grund der Ereignisse sind soziale Probleme, zu deren Lösung eine Sozialpolitik konzipiert werden müßte, die den Charakter einer umfassenden Gesellschaftspolitik hat. Der Autor plädiert dafür, daß sich gerade in der Jugendpolitik Selbsthilfeorganisationen, nichtstaatliche Träger und wirtschaftliche Unternehmen stärker als bisher sozialpolitisch engagieren. Neben der Familienpolitik und der Medienpolitik kommt vor allem der komunalen Sozialpolitik eine besondere Bedeutung bei der Lösung der Jugendprobleme zu. Sie ist für die Gestaltung der alltäglichen Lebenswelt zuständig und sollte Möglichkeiten solidarischen Handelns ausbilden, die den Jugendlichen offenkundig fehlen. (KA)
FOR MOST AMERICANS, THE SPECTACLE OF MAJOR BRITISH CITIES PLUNGED INTO VICIOUS RIOTING CAME AS A PROFOUND SHOCK. WAS NOT MAINLAND BRITAIN A COUNTRY WHICH WAS, FOR ALL ITS FAULTS, ITS REPUTATION FOR BAD LABOR RELATIONS AND ITS APPARENT INDIFFERNCE TO EFFICIENCY, ABOVE ALL A MODEL OF PEACE AND STABILITY? THIS ARTICLE ATTEMPTS TO EXPLAIN WHY THESE RIOTS ARE OCCURRING, AND ALSO WHY THE BRITISH ARE SO ANXIOUS TO COVER UP THE REASONS FOR THE RIOTING.
