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Purpose of study is to analyze guidelines of self-understanding in psychology and substantiate classification of tendency investigation this phenomenon. Results of analyze guidelines of self-understanding are presented in article; author describe three guidelines of self-understanding: cognitive, narrative and existential. Cognitive traditions study of self-understanding is realized in developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, behavior approach, psychology of intellect. Narrative traditions study of self-understanding is fulfilled in narrative psychology and study of autobiographical memory. Existential traditions study of selfunderstanding is implemented in existential psychology, phenomenological- hermeneutical approach, sentiment theory of personality. Author substantiate view, that psychology of human being synthesize of all available scientific traditions study of self-understanding.

The article considers different approaches to the phenomenon of leadership.A characterlogical approach highlights leader's personal qualities; behavioral approachstudies leader's actions and their connection with leadership effectiveness.Leader's power and influence is an approach in the leadership research whichstudies types of power, connection of leadership power and success. A situationalapproach underlines importance of such factors as authority and freedom ofleader's actions as well as character of external environment. Theory of charismaticleadership pays main attention to leader's qualities and theory of implicit leadershipwhere leadership is perceived as subjective but not objective construct ; Рассматриваются различные подходы к феномену лидерства. Характерологический подход выделяет личные качества лидера, Поведенческийподход изучает действия лидера и связь этих действий с эффективностьюлидерства. Власть и влияние лидера — подход в исследовании лидерства,изучающий виды власти, связь лидерской власти с успешностью лидерства.Ситуационный подход, подчеркивающий важность таких факторов, как ав-торитет и свобода действий лидера, а также характер внешней среды. Теорияхаризматического лидерства — основное внимание уделяется качествамлидера и теория имплицитного лидерства, где лидерство как субъективновоспринимаемый, а не объективный конструкт.

I included two neuronal constants of H. Berger and M.N. Livanov into new simple laws of experimental psychology, psychophysics and linguistics. The exactness of prognoses of human's behavior is significantly increased. Psychology is transformed now into exact science like physics, chemistry and genetics. A new way is proposed to open new exact laws of collective behavior of milliards of people. In partial, the simple new technology of elections of world leaders darts out on a discussion with the purpose of exception of military dangerous conflicts between the states.

The article contains historical and psychological analysis of Russian aviation psychology results of development throughout the period from 1912 till 2012. The author argues that military aviation psychology is a specific and genetic base of aviation psychology. The conclusion is made about the determinants of its development: logic of development of Russian psychology; technical progress in aviation. ; В статье содержится историко-психологический анализ результатов развития отечественной авиационной психологии в период 1912-2012 гг. Обосновывается положение о том, что военно-авиационная психология является спецификой и генетической основой авиационной психологии. Формулируется вывод о детерминантах развития авиационной психологии - логике становления отечественной психологической науки; техническом прогрессе в авиации.

The presented analysis of the design, as actual professional activity. Review of the studies is given in the field of psychologies of the thinking, strategic thinking. Motivated need of designing vocational training in the field of design with standpoint of the development of the design thinking future designer. The chosenned particularities of the manifestation
of the strategic thinking beside designer in accordance with requirements of the
state standard to master of the design.

The article presents political-psychological approach to understanding youth political leadership. This approach has complex character and allows to implement interdisciplinary synthesis of the provisions of different branches of social sciences and humanities to study the considered phenomenon in the framework of political science subject field. We highlight such basic parameters to determine youth political leaders as origin from the sphere of youth policy, young people's perception of such leaders as their own representatives, promotion of the career ladder in public policy and public administration. This study identifies and conceptually substantiates three dimensions of youth political leadership: personal-professional, status-role, image-symbolic. The article considers personal qualities and professional characteristics which are necessary for youth political leaders, status-role positions in the system of power hierarchy, career trajectories and political recruiting specificity, the features of youth political leaders' image shaping in the consciousness of youth.

Purpose: To summarize, organize, and clarify the available scientific literature, theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of social identity with the sociopsychological and sociological positions. Methodology: a theoretical analysis of scientific sources. Scope of the results: Identified in the theoretical analysis of the sociopsychological interpretation of the phenomenon of social identity: its structure, and specific types of manifestations, may be useful in explaining the many problems in the life of the individual groups and teams, in general, the social environment, which traditionally are in the field of view sociology.

The article provides an overview of the main ideas that are significant for the world psychological practice about the implementation of psychological knowledge for the military purposes of the state. These ideas were proposed and developed by the representatives of German academic psychology during the First World War — W. Wundt, M. Dessoir, E. Krepellin, K. Levin, O. Lipmann, K. Stumpf. An analysis of critical statements in the classical works by German psychologists of the early twentieth century, manifestos, as well as military memoirs of psychological scholars who were directly involved in the battles of the First World War, allows us to judge that the nature of the assessment of the causes of the world war, as well as the attitude towards war and warring parties are associated with the ideological position of these scientists and their involvement in political processes. Germany's participation in the First World War created the need to develop modern, more effective methods of psychological support for the industrial development of the empire, military propaganda, vocational training and military medicine. ; В статье представлен обзор основных, значимых для мировой психологической практики, идей по реализации психологических знаний в обеспечении военных потребностей государства, предложенных и разработанных представителями академической психологии Германии в период Первой мировой войны: В. Вундтом, М. Дессуаром, Э. Крепелином, К. Левином, О. Липманном, К. Штумпфом.Анализ критических высказываний в классических работах психологов Германии начала ХХ в., манифестов, а также военных мемуаров ученых-психологов, принимавших непосредственное участие в сражениях Первой мировой войны, позволяет судить о том, что характер оценки причин мировой войны, а также отношение к войне и воюющим сторонам связаны с идеологической позицией этих ученых и вовлеченностью их в политические процессы. Участие Германии в Первой мировой войне породило необходимость разработки современных, более эффективных методов психологического сопровождения индустриального развития империи, военной пропаганды, профессионального обучения и военной медицины.

В статье рассматривается проблема формирования сознания масс и политические доктрины пытающиеся управлять этим процессом. Авторы исследуют важнейшее звено этого процесса характерологическую структуру личности. В центре внимания находится концепция В. Райха об авторитарной личности и социально-экономических условиях поддерживающих формирования такой личности. Исследуются политические последствия, к которым приводит игнорирование психологических механизмов формирования массового сознания. ; The article studies the formation of mass consciousness and political doctrines that are trying to control this process. Authors explore the most important unit of the process – characterological personality structure. The key concept in focus is the authoritarian personality and socio-economic conditions that support such personality formation. The article studies the political consequences, that occur due to disregard of the psychological mechanisms of formation of mass consciousness.