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In: Arbejdspapir / Institut for samfundsøkonomi og planlægning, Roskilde universitetscenter nr. 17/1983
In: NORD 1991:24
Indhold: Producenternes magt over os ; Institutionernes tyranni ; Væksten, trægheden og snæversynet ; Uansvarlighedens triumf ; Stigningstaksternes vagtparade ; Den tiltagende planløshed ; Urimelighedernes konstans ; Det planlagte spild ; Bliv stor eller bliv nedlagt ; Velfærdssamfundets knuder - og midlerne til at løse dem op
Indhold: 1. Den umulige politiske styring 2. Administration af et politisk område 3. Hvad er særligt ved den offentlige virksomhed 4. Anvendelsen af managementteorien på offentlig virksomhed 5. Strategisk planlægning i offentlig virksomhed 6. Anvendelse af forskningsresultater i offentlige virksomheder 7. Kriminalforsorgens strukturændringer 8. Lederens job 9. Den fremtidige udfordring 10. Sammenfatning
eGovernment and autoritative public data in Denmark are still mainly focused on the landside of Danmark. But the need of eloborating the coordinating effort of administration at sea is recognised and the development of maritime eGovernment is happening within the next years. This paper discusses the data involved in this administration and focuses on the need for understanding the function and hence value of data. Some maritime data are dealing with accurate placements of objects, and as a tricky part some are dealing with floating placement. Other data are handling non-visible areas in terms of zoning, e.g. planning and interest areas and finally some data are representation of legislation, whether it is rights or restrictions. These different data are not always usable in the same manner. This paper investigates the correlation between spatial data and legislation. Experience from many years of land administration can be used as part of this discussion as well as the conclusions from this paper can be discussion as input to the ongoing development on land.
BASE
eGovernment and autoritative public data in Denmark are still mainly focused on the landside of Danmark. But the need of eloborating the coordinating effort of administration at sea is recognised and the development of maritime eGovernment is happening within the next years. This paper discusses the data involved in this administration and focuses on the need for understanding the function and hence value of data. Some maritime data are dealing with accurate placements of objects, and as a tricky part some are dealing with floating placement. Other data are handling non-visible areas in terms of zoning, e.g. planning and interest areas and finally some data are representation of legislation, whether it is rights or restrictions. These different data are not always usable in the same manner. This paper investigates the correlation between spatial data and legislation. Experience from many years of land administration can be used as part of this discussion as well as the conclusions from this paper can be discussion as input to the ongoing development on land.
BASE
"Jante Universitet fremviser New Public Management i sin reneste form: Kontrol, chikane, undertrykkelse af ekspertise og en stadigt voksende administration bliver brugt som ledelsens centrale metoder."I dette tredje bind af trilogien Jante Universitet ligger fokus ikke længere på den danske uddannelseskatastrofe, men på det system, der ødelægger hele universitetet: New Public Management. Analysen er pakket ind i en autentisk historie, der viser, hvordan kritiske stemmer bliver chikaneret ud fra de danske universiteter - uden at Folketingets Ombudsmand griber ind. FIRE BØGER I ET1.Den dokumenta
In: Journal of policy analysis and management: the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
ISSN: 1520-6688
AbstractI estimate whether the ability to anonymously surrender an infant to a safe haven site such as a hospital, police station, or fire station in the United States affects child well‐being. By analyzing variation in state safe haven policies, I find safe haven laws significantly increase infant foster care entrance. I further find suggestive evidence of safe havens reducing infant deaths. The mortality effects are immediate but subside over time, implying infants have been relinquished when their alternative was not death from abuse or abandonment. Robustness checks and falsification tests support these findings.
In: Internasjonal politikk, Band 78, Heft 2, S. 117-141
ISSN: 1891-1757
Fremstilling av utenrikspolitiske beslutningstakeres psykologi støter på utfordringer. I denne artikkelen argumenteres det for at analyser av politisk psykologi kan komplettere studiet av utenrikspolitikk, både ved å avdekke nye, kausalt betydningsfulle variabler og ved at tilgjengelige fremstillinger av årsakssammenhenger får høyere oppløsning. Gjennom en avgrenset analyse av hvordan konformisme internt i Bush-administrasjonen i kjølvannet av terrorangrepene 11. september 2001 bidro til mangelfull tanke- og meningsutveksling, tilbyr artikkelen en praktisk illustrasjon av dette synspunktet. Illustrasjonen ledsages av prinsipielle argumenter.
Abstract in EnglishPolitical Psychology and the Study of International PoliticsOutlining the mental life of foreign policy decision makers is fraught with challenges. In this article, it is argued that studies of political psychology may supplement foreign policy analysis by revealing undetected causal variables and by giving available interpretations improved micro-level accuracy. The methodological viability of the presented arguments is illustrated through a confined examination of how the psychological mechanism of conformism contributed to deficient sharing of views among members of the Bush-administration in the wake of 9/11. The illustration is backed by principal arguments.
In: Vohnsen , N H 2016 , ' Evidensbaseret politikudvikling : Brudflader mellem forskning og bureaukrati ' , Tidsskriftet Antropologi , bind 72 , s. 39-60 .
A current ambition in welfare states across Europe and in the US is for political decision-making to be based on rigorous research (Bason 2010; Cartwright et al 2009; Mulgan 2009; Nilsson et al. 2008). Promoted as 'evidence-based policy-making', 'good analysis, or 'better governance' (Nilsson et.al. 2008) the aspiration finds its roots in the governance paradigm generally referred to as 'new public management' (Hartley 2005) and the central concern for developing a cost-effective and agile public sector (Rod 2010). . Sound as this ambition may seem, it has nevertheless been problematized from within the civil services and from the research community (e.g. Boden & Epstein 2006; Cartwright et al. 2009; Elliott & Popay 2000; House of Commons 2006; Nilsson et al. 2008; Whitty 2006; Rod 2010, Vohnsen 2011). Some warn that the term 'evidence-based' is used too lightly, and often in cases where 'evidence' has not fed into the policy processes but rather has been invoked after the fact to support already agreed upon policy (House of Commons 2006; Nilsson et al. 2008); others warn that politics and science are – if not incompatible – then at odds with one another (e.g. Boden & Epstein 2006; Whitty 2006). The article pin-points the friction points between science and policy-making and discuss why it is that evidence rarely feeds into policy-making and how the evidence-based paradigm effectively challenges the traditional craftsmanship of the civil service.
BASE
In: Internasjonal politikk, Band 80, Heft 3
ISSN: 1891-1757
Denne artikkelen undersøker hvordan nylig inntrufne endringer i amerikansk atomvåpenstrategi kan påvirke krisestabiliteten mellom USA og Russland og hvilke implikasjoner det kan ha for Norge. Enkelt oppsummert fremstår moderniseringsprogrammene til atomvåpnene, introduksjonen av nye våpen og den deklaratoriske politikken egnet til å undergrave krisestabiliteten fordi det gir USA økte counterforce-kapasiteter. Dette har implikasjoner for norsk alliansepolitikk: Endringene i amerikansk atomvåpenstrategi kan senke terskelen for etablering av bastionforsvaret og øke russisk usikkerhet om norsk tilrettelegging for amerikansk politikk. Med utgangspunkt i tradisjonell teori om krisestabilitet, fremstår flere av de identifiserte endringene i USAs atomvåpenstrategi som destabiliserende. Den tyder på at amerikanske myndigheter ikke aksepterer ideen om den «kjernefysiske revolusjonen». Til tross for dette, skal bekymringen for atomkrig ikke overdrives. Militære analyser må omsettes til politikk. Selv om sannsynligheten for et vellykket førsteslag øker, er det vanskelig å forestille seg politikere som vil risikere atomkrig. Det betyr at avskrekking er mer robust enn hva rene militæranalyser tilsier.
Abstract in EnglishIn the Shadow of Nuclear Weapons: American Nuclear Policy and NorwayThe aim of this article is to provide insight into how recent changes in U.S. nuclear weapon strategy might affect crisis stability between the U.S. and Russia and what implications they might have for Norway. In brief, the nuclear modernization programs, introduction of new systems and changes in declaratory policy may undermine crisis stability because they enhance U.S. "counterforce" capabilities. This has implications for Norwegian alliance policy: changes in U.S. nuclear strategy might lower the threshold for Russia to establish the bastion concept and increase Russia's uncertainty about the scope of Norwegian facilitation of U.S. policy. Utilizing traditional theories of crisis stability on recent policy changes indicates that the current stability is tenuous. It seems as if subsequent U.S. administrations do not accept the idea of a "nuclear revolution". Despite this, concerns about a nuclear war should not be exaggerated. Military analyses must be translated into political action. Even if the chance of a successful first strike increases, it is difficult to imagine politicians willing to risk a nuclear war. This indicates that deterrence is more robust than what pure military analyses suggest.
In: Internasjonal politikk, Band 78, Heft 3, S. 284-310
ISSN: 1891-1757
Det som ofte har manglet i forskningslitteraturen om miljø- og klimautfordringer i Arktis, er undersøkelser av hva som betinger innflytelsen av vitenskapelig kunnskap i reguleringer av relevans for Arktis. I denne artikkelen er målet å analysere forholdet mellom arktisk kunnskapsproduksjon (inkludert policy anbefalinger) og norsk forvaltning (herunder Miljødirektoratet og Klima- og miljødepartementet). I artikkelen ser vi nærmere på tre av arbeidsgruppene i Arktisk råd. 1) Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), 2) Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) og 3) Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME). Fokus er på kunnskapsstatus, grad av økonomisk og politisk kontrovers innenfor de gitte feltene, betydningen av offentlig og politisk oppmerksomhet og forvaltningsdesign.
Abstract in English:The Arctic Council Between Science, Managment and PolicyWhat has often been lacking in the scholarly literature on environmental and climatic changes in the Arctic are analyses addressing what determines the influence of scientific knowledge on regulations of relevance to the Arctic. The purpose of this article is to analyse the relationship between the production and systematisation of knowledge (including policy recommendations arising from this work) on Arctic issues and the Norwegian management system (overseen by, among other bodies, the Norwegian Environment Agency and Ministry of Climate and Environment). The article focuses on three of the Arctic Council's working groups. 1) Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP); 2) Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF); and 3) Protection of Arctic Marine Environment (PAME). The focus is on state of knowledge, degree of political and economic controversy in the issue area, the importance of the matter in public opinion and among policy makers, and management design.