German culture and the British commonwealth -- Nationality and government -- True and false nationalism -- The passing of nationality -- Education, social and national -- The universities and public opinion -- Progress in government -- Progress in industry -- The labour movement and the future of British industry -- Reconstruction -- The control of industry after the war -- Capitalism and international relations -- The new German empire -- Three doctrines in conflict. ; Mode of access: Internet.
"Investigative Interviewing: Adopting a Forensic Mindset aims to promote legal and ethical investigative interview methods. Accordingly, possessing a forensic mindset should be the foundation that governs every aspect of an investigative interviewer's actions. Being a forensic professional-which includes the field of forensic interviewing-infers that one applies the highest standards in collecting, analyzing, preserving, and presenting evidence to a court of law or other tribunals. The term "investigative interview" with an interviewer's forensic mindset can be used to achieve all interview objectives, even obtaining truthful confessions that stand up to the scrutiny of the courts and public opinion. Key to this, the author contends, is eliminating the term "interrogation" and the confession-obtaining mindset it creates. In its place, the term "investigative interview" is used, promoting a forensic mindset to achieve desired interview objectives. What transpires during the interview must stand up to the scrutiny of the courts and public opinion. In this regard, due process, documenting the procedure, and practicing proven, effective techniques is paramount to getting to the truth-the ultimate goal of any investigation. The book includes a chapter dedicated to false confessions, due to is criticality and frequent occurrences of this. It continues with a discussion on the desired qualities of an investigative interviewer and strategies to break down barriers and gain trust with reluctant, uncooperative, and hostile interviewees. Proper report writing, an underrated key to any interview and investigation, is addressed in detail. Lastly. the book provides training on best practice interview steps and strategies to lead the interviewee to the truth that will stand up to the scrutiny of the courts and public opinion. Investigative Interviewing: Adopting a Forensic Mindset is well-suited as a textbook-outlining techniques and detailing all relevant case law concerning confessions- in addition to providing an Instructor's Manual with Test Bank and PowerPoint slides for professors to utilize in classroom instruction"--
During the century-shaping years of 1910 to 1923 newspaper enterprises played a key role in shaping/reflecting public opinion. In Cork, the battle for 'hearts and minds' was waged by Skibbereen's Southern Star and Skibbereen Eagle, and Cork city institutions, the Cork Examiner and Cork Constitution, along with the Cork Free Press. Notable but fleeting contributions also came from Terence MacSwiney's short-lived Fianna Fáil in 1914 and the southern edition of Poblacht na h-Éireann during the Irish Civil War. The papers chosen cover the broad spectrum of mainstream public opinion in Cork city and county, namely Redmondite, O'Brienite, republican, loyalist, pro- and anti-Treaty. The location of these papers in Skibbereen and Cork city provides a unique comparative framework to assess changing public opinion from both the nationalist and loyalist perspective, and the differences between the city and a small country town in one of the most violent parts of the country at this time. This research is not exclusively concerned with the journalistic output of these papers, but also their staff and production processes. This inverts typical historical approaches which traditionally use newspapers primarily as sources, whereas this study showcases them as historical forces and not just historical sources. This project examines the experience of these papers, and the consequential, and often devastating, censorship and suppression they experienced. It argues that the suppression carried out by the IRA outdid the British administration in terms of severity. Engaging with the leading issues of the day and acting as a microcosm of the conflicts and disputes that engulfed Ireland as a whole, the newspapers of Cork city and Skibbereen entered the revolutionary decade diametrically opposed. By the end of the decade only two of these papers were still in business, while the country itself would be changed irrevocably.
This dissertation examines the sources of U.S. President Bill Clinton's foreign policy, with special attention to understudied political elements of intervention. The basis of this study is the Clinton Doctrine, in which Clinton opposed ethnic cleansing, and supported democratic governance worldwide. The primary research question asks to what extent and why was there a variation in Clinton's application of his own doctrine in the specific cases of Rwanda in 1994, Haiti in 1994, and East Timor in 1999. To address this question, the following five hypotheses are posited: H1: The more vital interests are at stake, and the closer the United States is to the crisis, the more the president will push for intervention. Conversely, the more peripheral interests are at stake, and the more distant the United States is from the crisis, the less the president will push for intervention. H2: The more a U.S. ally is likely to intervene, the less the president will intervene. Conversely, the less a U.S. ally is likely to intervene, the more the president will intervene. H3: The more the United Nations is likely to call for intervention, the more the United States is likely to support it. H4: The more the U.S. Congress is likely to call for intervention, the more the president will intervene. Conversely, the more the U.S. Congress is likely to oppose intervention, the less the president will intervene. H5: The more the media opposes the president's policy, the more public opinion will engage during crisis, and the more cautious the president will be regarding intervention. Conversely, the more the media endorses the president's policy, the less public opinion will engage during crisis, and the less cautious the president will be regarding intervention. These hypotheses pertain to the five variables examined, including support for intervention from international allies, the United Nations, the U.S. Congress, U.S. public opinion and the media, and U.S. interests under the Clinton administration.
Procurement function is a facilitator and enabler of every value chain. This paper is a result of a study on the contribution of procurement function on the public services delivery systems and on the national socio-economic development. Specific foci were on: assessing the contribution of procurement function on the public services delivery systems; and assessing the contribution of procurement function on the attainment of the objectives of the national socio-economic development. The study used a survey of value-laden opinions. Localities surveyed were deliberately selected and sampled. The study covered one metropolis and business city (Dar es Salaam), three regional administrative cities (Arusha, Mbeya and Mwanza), one central government municipal (Dodoma), and one local municipal council (Morogoro). A deliberate sample of 150 case respondents was envisaged. However, the study covered 129 case respondents. Data management and analysis were qualitative in which thematic analysis, documentary reviews and content analysis were applied upon the specific study objectives. This paper provides value-laden opinions generated out of the case respondents' perceptions on the specific themes and issues related thereto. The results of assessment show a significant contribution of the procurement function on the Tanzania public services delivery systems and on the national socio-economic development agenda. The assessments show a positive marginal contribution of the procurement functional performance on the national economic development agenda by more than 70%.
Korea has experienced a long-lasting surplus in its current account since the Asian financial crisis in 1998. Recently the surplus has grown wider, with Korea recording a current account surplus of 7.7 percent of GDP in 2015 and 7.0 percent of GDP in 2016. Such a persistent and massive current account surplus in one economy becomes a cause for country-level debates, and accordingly, Korea has been one of the countries suspected as a currency manipulator by the U.S. Treasury Department. The recent empirical studies such as Han and Shin (2016), however, argue that the current account surplus in Korea reflects the consequences of rapid demographical changes in Korea. The surplus is expected to disappear within 25 years as Korea will become one of the most aged economies in the world. Here, we investigate what factors determine the current account balance and the recent current account surplus in Korea.
OBJECTIVE: Specific legislation regulating the use of animals in research in Brazil was introduced in 2008. However, the viewpoint of the Brazilian population regarding the use of animals in research and teaching activities remains largely unknown. Investigation of the public viewpoint on and understanding of the topic is required given the current shifts in the animal ethics scenario in Brazil. The objective of this study was to provide the first insight into the Brazilian population viewpoint on the use of animals in scientific research and teaching activities. METHODS: Data collected in a survey involving 2,115 individuals aged 16 years or older and residing in 130 municipalities distributed across the five Brazilian macroregions (North, Northeast, South, Southeast, and Midwest) were analyzed. The margin of error for entire sample was set at 2%, with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: This survey revealed that most Brazilian citizens are in favor of the use animals in research, particularly for medical purposes. Different views depending on the nature of research were identified. Approximately 80% of respondents were also in favor of frequent oversight of laboratories and animal facilities. CONCLUSION: Survey findings indicate that the opinion of the Brazilian population is divided when it comes to the use of animals in scientific research and teaching. Divided opinions expose a limited understanding of the importance of basic sciences and emphasizes the need for improved communication between the scientific community and the general population. Further strategies aimed to promote animal welfare are discussed.
ABSTRACT Objective: Specific legislation regulating the use of animals in research in Brazil was introduced in 2008. However, the viewpoint of the Brazilian population regarding the use of animals in research and teaching activities remains largely unknown. Investigation of the public viewpoint on and understanding of the topic is required given the current shifts in the animal ethics scenario in Brazil. The objective of this study was to provide the first insight into the Brazilian population viewpoint on the use of animals in scientific research and teaching activities. Methods: Data collected in a survey involving 2,115 individuals aged 16 years or older and residing in 130 municipalities distributed across the five Brazilian macroregions (North, Northeast, South, Southeast, and Midwest) were analyzed. The margin of error for entire sample was set at 2%, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: This survey revealed that most Brazilian citizens are in favor of the use animals in research, particularly for medical purposes. Different views depending on the nature of research were identified. Approximately 80% of respondents were also in favor of frequent oversight of laboratories and animal facilities. Conclusion: Survey findings indicate that the opinion of the Brazilian population is divided when it comes to the use of animals in scientific research and teaching. Divided opinions expose a limited understanding of the importance of basic sciences and emphasizes the need for improved communication between the scientific community and the general population. Further strategies aimed to promote animal welfare are discussed.
Immigration has become one of the most important topics in the political debate and the public media for the last decade. This study analyzes the patterns of words that the press uses to describe immigration and immigrants. We will focus on conceptual metaphors and their linguistic manifestations in the British, American and Croatian mainstream newspapers. This study attempts to gain an understanding of the strategic use of conceptual metaphors to construct and shape the context of the immigration discourse. The cognitive theory is outlined (see Lakoff & Johnson 1980, Kövecses 2002, Goatly 2007, Barcelona 2000, Croft et al. 2004) and applied to the immigration discourse as found in the public media (see Wodak 2015, van Dijk 2000, Cunningham-Parmeter 2012, Musolff 2015, Drulak 2006, etc.). The results of the analysis of a representative data of immigration metaphors show that a small set of 'conceptual frames' underlies the perception of immigrants. Several competing metaphors have been identified: immigrant=alien, migration=water, flood, immigration=movement/journey, etc. These metaphors are constantly repeated in different discourses that revolve around the concept of immigration. This study empirically attempts to identify how the media formulates its views about the migrants. In exploring the phenomenon of immigration we have used an interdisciplinary approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, including socio-political and linguistic perspectives. The outcome of this research may provide the relevant source for future research to measure media's role in shaping and defining public opinion about immigration issues. ; Imigracija je postala jedna od najvažnijih tema u političkoj debati u javnim medijima tijekom prošlog desetljeća. Ovo istraživanje analizira termine koje mediji koriste u opisu fenomena imigracije i imigranata. Osnovna je namjera ovoga rada proučavanje konceptualnih metafora injihove realizacije u vodećim britanskim, američkim i hrvatskim novinama. Ovim se radom nastoji upozoriti na važnost promišljene upotrebe konceptualnih metafora kojima se oblikuje kontekst diskursa vezanog uz fenomen imigracije. Kognitivna teorija čini teoretsku podlogu ovoga rada (vidi Lakoff & Johnson 1980, Kövecses 2002, Goatly 2007, Barcelona 2000, Croft et al. 2004) i primijenjena je u analizi medijskog diskursa i njihove percepcije immigranata (vidi Wodak 2015; van Dijk, 2000; Cunningham-Parmeter, 2012; Musolff, 2015, Drulak 2006, etc.). Rezultati analize reprezentativnog korpusa metafora vezanih uz imigrante pokazuju da ograničeni broj 'konceptualnih okvira' definira percepciju imigranata. Identificirano je nekoliko temeljnih modela: imigrant=stranac; imigracija=voda, poplava; imigracija=kretanje, putovanje, itd. Ove se metafore koriste u različitim diskursima kojima se nastoji dublje promišljati o konceptu imigracije. Empirijsko istraživanje pokazuje kako mediji definiraju svoje viđenje imigranata. U ovome radu koristili smo interdisciplinarni pristup, kombinirajući kvalitativne i kvantitativne istraživačke metode, uključujući socio-političke i lingvističke poglede na ovu problematiku. Ishod istraživanja može poslužiti kao mogući izvor informacija za buduća istraživanja kako bi se bolje definirala uloga medija u oblikovanju i definiranju javnog mišljenja o problemima imigracije.
This article analyzes the pro-market rhetoric of the early phase of the post-communist transformation in Poland. It looks at one case of such rhetoric, that of the Warsaw daily Gazeta Wyborcza, a leading Polish paper medium. Gazeta was an unequivocal supporter of the market transition and perhaps the country's most important pro-market opinion-forming platform. In order to convince its readership, it argued, in a vein similar to that of the early nineteenth-century classical economists, that this was the only way to achieve an efficient economy but that, in the short run, social costs and suffering were unavoidable. In its rhetoric, it stressed logic and rationality as characteristics of the reform projects, while often using irony in reporting differing views. Critical voices it treated as either naive or representing the vested interests of those opposing the reforms. The Gazeta editors and authors were in favor of rapid reforms, afraid that pain and suffering would mobilize resistance. They believed that the sooner the economic rebuilding process succeeded, the greater support there would be for the reforms. The danger they were most afraid of was right-wing, nationalist populism. Ironically, the type of policies they advocated, while economically successful, actually contributed to marginalization and social exclusion. Thus, as an overview of East-Central Europe politics shows, in the longer term they led exactly to what Gazeta was most afraid of. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright the American Council of Learned Societies.]
This article analyzes the pro-market rhetoric of the early phase of the post-communist transformation in Poland. It looks at one case of such rhetoric, that of the Warsaw daily Gazeta Wyborcza, a leading Polish paper medium. Gazeta was an unequivocal supporter of the market transition and perhaps the country's most important pro-market opinion-forming platform. In order to convince its readership, it argued, in a vein similar to that of the early nineteenth-century classical economists, that this was the only way to achieve an efficient economy but that, in the short run, social costs and suffering were unavoidable. In its rhetoric, it stressed logic and rationality as characteristics of the reform projects, while often using irony in reporting differing views. Critical voices it treated as either naïve or representing the vested interests of those opposing the reforms. The Gazeta editors and authors were in favor of rapid reforms, afraid that pain and suffering would mobilize resistance. They believed that the sooner the economic rebuilding process succeeded, the greater support there would be for the reforms. The danger they were most afraid of was right-wing, nationalist populism. Ironically, the type of policies they advocated, while economically successful, actually contributed to marginalization and social exclusion. Thus, as an overview of East-Central Europe politics shows, in the longer term they led exactly to what Gazeta was most afraid of.
Over the last few years, European public broadcasters have promoted the concept of public service media as one of their main values. To this end, transparency policies have been implemented as a mechanism of corporate projection by strengthening their role as an essential service. The objective of this article is to ascertain the existence of this type of policies among European public broadcasters. To this end, a nominal group was made with 24 experts who were surveyed, thus generating new indicators of transparency and accountability strategies around sustainability and digitalization. The contents of the websites of RTVE (Spain), RTP (Portugal), France TV (France), RAI (Italy), BBC (UK), RTÉ (Ireland), ZDF (Germany), VRT (Belgium), and SVT (Sweden) were also analyzed, paying attention to such indicators and strategies. The main results include the identification of differences on the basis of the ideal models described by Hallin and Mancini; a commitment to credibility (fact-checking) to the detriment of diversity of opinions; and a connection between the political system and the media system, which, preliminarily, determines the level of transparency of these public entities ; The results of this research are part of the work of the "Equipo de Investigaciones Políticas" (USC). It is also part of the project "Nuevos valores, gobernanza, financiación y servicios audiovisuales públicos para la sociedad de Internet: contrastes europeos y españoles" (2019–2021) financed by the Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Universities (RTI2018-096065-B-I00) ; SI
In this article, we present a conceptual model for the study of intellectual trajectories. The notion of trajectory combines the figure of the intellectuals, as actors, and the stages on which they act. With the help of this model, we seek particularly to study the figure of the global digital public intellectual and the global digital stage on which this figure operates. By studying the case of Project Syndicate (the most important global platform or stage for the circulation of ideas through opinion columns), we show empirically that this stage has particularities that make it a circuit for such circulation. The notion of circuit seems to us more appropriate than field to describe this type of global stage at a transnational scale, still characterized by a lower level of institutionalization.
