Two articles on the emergence of Falungong movement and the qigong health practices in China. B. Vermander writes about the teachings of the Buddha on the Falungong movement, who the members are of this movement, Li Hongzhi, the spiritual leader of Falungong etc. and E. Micollier discusses qigong as a comprehensive system of corporal techniques, the social dimension and the socio-political stakes associated with it, practice of qigong in the Falungong movement, among other topics. (DÜI-Sen)
The article devotes to Qigong development in Russia. It shows the ways how it originally came from China and then spread all over Western countries and also characterize how qigong historically step by step developed in Russia, describes the activities of organizations that promote this development. The article also summarizes scientific works published in Russia on the problems of the history, theory and practice of qigong.
Introduction -- The birth of modern qigong, 1949-64 -- Political networks and the formation of the qigong sector -- The grandmasters -- Qigong scientism -- Qigong fever -- Controversy and crisis -- Control and rationalisation -- Militant qigong: the emergence of Falungong -- Falungong challenges to the CCP -- Epilogue: The collapse of the Qigong movement -- Conclusion -- Appendix: On the sources used for this study
In the 1980's and 90's, China experienced the booming popularity of traditional breathing, gymnastic and meditation techniques, described by media chroniclers as "qigong fever". At its height, the qigong movement attracted over one hundred million practitioners, making it the most widespread form of popular religiosity in post-Maoist urban China. During this period, breathing and meditation techniques were disseminated to a degree perhaps never before seen in Chinese history. Initially sponsored by Chinese state health institutions in the early days of the Peoples' Republic to extract useful body techniques from their traditional religious setting, qigong became a conduit for the transmission, modernization and legitimization of religious concepts and practices within the Communist regime. In this article, I suggest that this legitimization was made possible by the elaboration of a utopian discourse of qigong which dovetailed with the millenialist strands of the Party's official ideology. In a sense, the qigong movement was the fruit of a strange union between popular sectarianism and Chinese communist eschatology. The history of qigong is one of the gradual shift of a medicalized and secularized category towards practices and beliefs which marked an increasing return to the Chinese sectarian tradition, culminating in the emergence of Falun Gong. This article will describe the development of the qigong category from the late 1940's to the end of the 1990's, tracing the shifting combinations of practices and concepts which came to be associated with qigong in an evolving ideological and political context, and ending with an analysis of Falun Gong's rupture with qigong groups. The case of qigong and Falun Gong illustrates the unresolved tensions between modernity, tradition, nationalism and politics in contemporary China. ; postprint