By the law 107/2015, School Work Alternation (SWA) is transformed as a mandatory practice for all students of high schools, generating attention, debates and questions about its nature and its educational and training potential. In orderto contribute to the understanding of SWA paradigm, within this paper, its investigation is presented in a national and European legislative framework first,and then included into the international, and educational-situated-experientialperspectives of Work-Integrated, Work-Related, and Work-Based Learning. Inthe light of these perspectives, some data related to a qualitative research hasalso been presented. It involved some privileged actors on the exploration ofthe real identity of SWA as a good practice. At the end some important implicationsfor didactics are presented as well. ; Con la legge 107/2015 l'alternanza scuola-lavoro assume il carattere dell'obbligatorietà per tutti gli studenti della scuola secondaria di secondo grado, generando attenzione, dibattiti e questioni sulla sua natura e sul suo potenziale formativo.Nell'intento di contribuire a favorire la comprensione del paradigma dell'alternanza,la sua lettura, all'interno di questo contributo, viene presentata primain una cornice normativa nazionale ed europea, poi inserita all'interno delleprospettive formativo-situate-esperienziali del Work-Integrated, Work-Related,and Work-Based Learning a carattere internazionale. Alla luce di tali letture,sono infine presentati i dati di una ricerca qualitativa che ha coinvolto alcunitestimoni privilegiati sull'esplorazione della vera identità dell'alternanza comebuona pratica, oltre che importanti implicazioni per la didattica.
There is very little scientific literature that considers the relationship between religions and an integral concept of Sustainable Development, including its three dimensions (social, economic and environmental), as proposed in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It was necessary to conduct a study of this kind, with the aim of making visible and show with concrete data, the contribution of religions to the integral sustainability. This paper presents an empirical research in which we intend to make visible the actions performed by religious organizations in Catalonia, that have been contributing to the Sustainable Development. The study is the launching of the Sustainability and Religions Watch. This study about the contribution of religious organizations to the Sustainable Development has been made by a mixed method with two techniques for data collection: firstly, has counted the presence of indicators linked to the priority areas of Sustainable Development, from the analysis of the content of the websites of religious organizations (quantitative analysis). Moreover, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to representatives of religious organizations (qualitative analysis). The study of the contribution of religions to the Sustainable Development opens new doors to interfaith dialogue because it is based on elements that are common between different beliefs. This dialogue is a path that can effectively contribute to peace. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
The increasing scarcity of public funds, as well as the continued efforts in improving the quality and efficiency of public services, have made the public-private partnership a legal-economic scheme more attractive both for States and for industry stakeholders. Indeed, PPPs, which were developed initially because of the public budgetary constraints, have subsequently proved its suitability in allowing the retrieval of additional resources to those strictly necessary for the basic realization of projects of general interest and to operate efficiencies of the system. From this point of view they can be considered an effect of economic globalization which identifies the increasing costs that systems must support to compete into a competitive economic arena. EU Member State Governments do not seem to longer regard themselves as having a purely national dimension in an internationalized context where every entity is more inclined to act like a market player (1) (Osborne S. P., Public–private partnerships: theory and practice in international perspective, Routledge, London, 2003), nevertheless citizens demand public services with higher quantity and quality despite being willing to pay for them a consistently lower price. As detailed in this work, the European Union does not expressly provides a definition of public-private partnership, indeed all forms relate to the works, services, supplies, shall be "positively" included in the public procurement legislation. In particular, the trend towards establishing PPPs in research & development occurred and increased in various contexts to address market failures and to benefit of different spillover effects. In comparison with other policy instruments pursuing similar goals, this one respond better to the latest trends in research and innovation processes, i.e. increased scientific content of technological development, increasing dependency on external knowledge for innovation generation, changing business R&D strategies (e.g. open innovation) and rapidly evolving social needs (2) (Guinet, J., (2005), 'Public-Private Partnerships for Research and Innovation. The experience of OECD countries', Science and Technology Policy Division, OECD, Paris (unpublished paper)). The cases analyzed, both the "JTIs" (Joint Technology Initiatives) and the "cPPPs" (Contractual Public Private Partnerships) constitute absolute specificities in the PPP general domain, first for the intrinsic characteristics of the scientific & technological research (long-term nature of returns and uncertainty of outcomes), secondly because the public operator does not act in order to obtain or provide public goods but for the pursuit of its institutional goals, such as public scientific research. They cannot be considered totally as public-private partnerships at least in terms of positive law, but our cases fall down in the atypical scheme as referred for the first time by the European Commission guidelines in 2003 when the different major categories were outlined involving more or less private sector involvement (3) (DG Regional Policy: guidelines for successful public-private partnerships, March 2003). Moreover, the private component is identified, as in classic ppp cases, not by means of public evidence but on the basis of a political-strategic selection. Original goals of this work is to make a useful reconstruction of all the European Commission PPPs in research & innovation, focusing on the behavior and performance of three cases of contractual PPPs under the framework program FP7 and Horizon 2020 managed by directorate D (Industrial Technologies) of DG Research & Innovation (RTD) in which I have been professionally involved as civil servant for the years 2014 and 2015. Due to the fact that few of the projects funded have not yet been completed and the research outputs are not yet definitive, the analysis has been carried through a qualitative approach obtaining qualitative indicators extrapolated by the previous assessments done by the Commission, primary internal department sources and successful ended projects with high impact results, unstructured interviews. The research objective is to explain their ability to be attractive for the private sector and to be an effective tool to reach the EU policy targets compared to the "no PPP option", for instance the standard framework programme (FP7 and Horizon 2020). The aspect of the "attractiveness" in particular is missing in the literature of the research PPPs elaborated, therefore this work hopes to give a contribution, even if minimum, to the efforts currently in place in the academic and management community to design and configure and ideal PPP framework for effective interaction between public institutions and market players which shall feed the service of scientific and technological research targets established at European Union policy level.
Questo breve articolo descrive la città attraverso due tecniche di ricerca qualitativa (lo shadowing e il Gis qualitativo). Partendo da alcuni esempi, tratti dall'esperienza sul campo, vengono valutati limiti e possibilità delle tecniche in oggetto. L'obiettivo è quello di argomentare la necessità di utilizzare e sviluppare nuovi strumenti metodologici per conoscere le configurazioni urbane. Gli autori sostengono il bisogno di muoversi all'interno di un orizzonte interdisciplinare e di utilizzare tecniche capaci di far emergere narrazioni polifoniche della città. Analizzando le potenzialità dialogiche dello shadowing e le potenzialità sovversive dei Gis qualitativi, una cartografia capace di rappresentare lo spazio mentale degli abitanti, viene affermata la necessità di continuare nella pratica di metodi ibridi, capaci di stimolare la creazione di nuove ri-descrizioni. La città, quindi, per essere compresa, pensata e trasformata ha bisogno di creatività e sperimentazione: nuovi strumenti che tentino modalità ibride di conoscenza, scardinando l'egemonia di rappresentazioni autoritarie incapaci di dare corpo e voce ai gruppi sociali meno potenti. L'obiettivo finale, dunque, diviene il bisogno di proiettare la ricerca urbana qualitativa in un orizzonte politico, inteso come spazio pubblico della discussione e dell'interazione. ; This brief paper describes the city through the use of two different techniques of qualitative research: shadowing and qualitative Gis. By discussing a few examples of field research, the paper assesses the limits and possibilities of these techniques. The aim is to prove the necessity of using and developing new methodologies to investigate the most recent urban phenomena. In order to achieve this goal, only an interdisciplinary approach can help the emergence of polyphonic narrations of the city. Through the analysis of the dialogic assets that shadowing possesses, and of the subversive potential of qualitative Gis (conceived as a sort of mapping that can represent the mind-space of citizens), the authors succor the use of mixed methodologies that enhance the creation of narrative re-descriptions of the urban forms. Understanding, conceiving and transforming the city implies creativity and experimentation: therefore, we need to conceive new instruments that use hybrid knowledge systems, and shatter the hegemony of those traditional, authoritative representations that cannot give voice to the most deprived social groups. The final goal of the paper is thus defined as the need to project qualitative urban research into a political horizon that becomes the public space of discussion and interaction.
In this focus article the book Making Social Sciences More Scientific by Rein Taagepera is discussed. The book proposes an innovative approach to quantitative modelling, the "quantitatively predictive logical modeling". In the first contribution, the originality of this approach is discussed, through a comparison with three traditional methodological perspectives: qualitative research; rational- choice modeling; empirically-oriented quantitative research. Then, the potential of Taagepera's approach is evaluated with respect to the problem of the relationship between concepts and signs. In this regard, the non-linear, theoretically-driven construction of mathematical models advocated by Taagepera could provide a far more accurate operationalization of the conceptual models developed in the social sciences, which often feature non-linear relationships. Finally, the possibility of integrating Taagepera's suggestion with the traditional quantitative approach -- based on the generalized linear model -- is discussed, by pointing out potential problems and possible solutions. In the second contribution, Taagepera's critique of the prevalent approach to quantitative analysis of social phenomena is illustrated and commented, along with his proposal to adopt quantitatively predictive logical models as the basic analytical tool of the social sciences. Then, it is argued that, though based on sound arguments, Taagepera's critique of generalized linear regression models is somewhat too severe, since it overlooks some of regression's analytical best strengths. Adapted from the source document.
A review essay on books by (1) Alessandro Brushi, Metodologia della Ricerca Sociale (Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2005); (2) Piergiogrio Corbetta, Metodologia e Tecniche della Ricerca Sociale ([Social Research: Theory, Methods and Techniques (London: Sage, 2003)] Bologna, Il Mulino, 1999); (3) Pierangelo Isernia, Introduzione alla Ricera Politica e Sociale (Bologna, Il Mulino, 2001); (4) Paolo Natale, La Ricerca Sociale (Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2007); (5) Leonardo Morlino, Introduzione alla Ricerca Comparata (Bologna, Il Mulino, 2005); (6) Alberto Marradi, Metodologia delle Scienze Sociali ([a cura di Rita Pavsic e Maria Concetta Pitrone] Bologna, Il Mulino, 2007) & (7) Paul Pennings, Hans Keman and Jan Kleinnijenhuis, Doing Research in Political Science: An Introduction to Comparative Methods and Statistics (London: Sage, 2003).
The new anthropological narratives and with them the new post-modern educationalsemantics challenge today, more than in any other century, the educationalresearch. If on one hand some authors debate on the ontologiesand epistemologies of the two traditional polarities of research, the quantitativeand the qualitative one, others, instead, propose third way hypotheses,not least the mixed methods approaches. In this contribution, we proposeto go beyond the classical quantitative/qualitative dialectic, rethinking thelink between theory, practice and truth in the research process. To do so, weuse a specific lens, what John Elliott (2006) calls democratic rationality. Assumingthe importance of rethinking a democratic vision of the educationalresearch, considered as a plural opening and as a value orientation, we tryto suggest a concrete way to re-design the educational research territory. Webase our reflections on the most recent results in the field of complexity scienceand non-linear dynamic systems, proposing Action-Research as aparadigmatic example to rethink a new form of democratic, fluid, complexand ecological educational research. Finally, we discuss a multiple case study,which is developing, following this perspective, with an educational institutionof the Italian territory. ; Le nuove narrazioni antropologiche e con esse le nuove semantiche educativepost-moderne sfidano oggi, più che in ogni altro secolo, la ricerca educativa.Se da un lato alcuni autori si interrogano sulle ontologie edepistemologie delle due polarità tradizionali di fare ricerca, il quantitativo eil qualitativo, altri, invece, propongono ipotesi di terze vie, non da ultimi gliapprocci mixed methods. In questo contributo proponiamo di andare oltrela classica dialettica quantitativo/qualitativo, ripensando il legame stesso trateoria, pratica e verità nel processo di ricerca. Per farlo, utilizziamo una lentespecifica, quella che John Elliott (2006) chiama democratic rationality. Assuntal'importanza di ri-pensare una visione democratica del ...
La ricerca persegue l'obiettivo di formulare e rispondere ad alcune domande relative al ruolo e alle competenze professionali dell'operatore che lavora con richiedenti e titolari di protezione internazionale. L'interrogativo di fondo nasce sul campo grazie all'esperienza della ricercatrice come operatrice di accoglienza con l'Associazione Centro Astalli presso la Provincia Autonoma di Trento, che costituisce il caso empirico approfondito. L'osservazione partecipante ha fatto emergere la rilevanza che le scelte, ruoli e valori degli operatori assumono nell'influenzare il significato dell'accoglienza praticata e talora persino i percorsi d'integrazione dei soggetti beneficiari. Oltre all'osservazione, la ricerca si è avvalsa di interviste in profondità a 55 operatori - accompagnate da schede di rilevazione socio-anagrafica e auto-rappresentazioni fotografiche - e di due focus groups "di controllo" circa la percezione esterna al ruolo con 8 titolari di protezione internazionale. L'analisi ha cercato di far emergere i fattori che influenzano competenze ed aspettative reciproche di ruolo da parte dei vari tipi di operatore: a livello macro (gestione emergenziale, securitaria e frammentata del sistema), meso (eterogeneità delle associazioni nell'accoglienza), micro (disomogeneità delle prassi degli operatori e delle mission associative). La ricerca evidenzia la necessità di riflettere criticamente sulle comunità di pratiche e sulle (nuove) professionalità che si costruiscono e si intrecciano in un campo tanto importante quanto contraddittorio come quello dell'accoglienza. L'ipotesi di lavoro è che, grazie alle pratiche realizzate nel sistema trentino, chi vi opera abbia elaborato "grammatiche d'azione" che permettono margini di discrezionalità professionale (street level bureaucracy) che mano a mano sono condivise attraverso "contaminazioni" fra diverse associazioni facendo emergere istanze di rivendicazione professionale. Le "grammatiche d'azione" messe in atto si mostrano come micro-strategie quotidiane che (re)interpretano e (re)strutturano il mandato professionale, cercando di non rimanere schiacciati dai meccanismi strutturali e dalla rigidità istituzionale, ma sfruttando il proprio potere negoziale, discrezionale e inventivo. ; How does the Italian system for asylum seekers and refugees work? How do the intrinsic characteristics of the system affect the (new) professional figures involved? Are there any hidden grammars of action arising? This research subsumes and tries to move beyond the questions raised above. The purpose of the research is to reflect on the role social workers have as street-level bureaucrats, considering their discretional margin of actions and their consequences. The thesis, before proceeding to a more detailed analysis of the role of social workers as street-level bureaucrats, highlights the historical and political turning points of the Italian reception systems and clarifies in what sense the immigration issue has become a local matter. The case study is the Autonomous Province of Trento, Italy. This study adopts a qualitative research design, comprising of a diary field notes, 55 interviews with social workers, and two focus-groups with holders of an international protection. While working in a Temporary Reception Center, with the Association Centro Astalli, the researcher has observed how the different actions, ideals and roles of social workers significantly influence and shape the experiences of asylum seekers. Through a (re)politicization of their 'margins of action', the research recognizes the effects of the structural violence of the system through processes of depersonalization, ambiguous and containment practices but also highlights the possibility of effective forms of pro-active resilience through street-level margins of action of social workers. Therefore, the hypothesis of this research is that while local authorities have the greater discretion in reception system choices, a new form of street-level bureaucracy is developing through street-level practices of social workers. The research pursues to de-construct the complexity of the reception system, addressing both its grain lines and its deepest hubs, focusing on biographical experiences.
Inserendoci nel recente dibattito sul capitalismo delle piattaforme, e ricorrendo alla nozione di socio-materialità, investigheremo la contraddizione capitale-lavoro-natura incorporata nel digitale. Per investigare la relazione tra piattaforme digitali e trasformazioni urbane e del lavoro, dialogheremo con diversi approcci disciplinari: dagli urban studies, agli studi sulla scienza e la tecnologia, passando per la letteratura delle catene e reti globali di produzione e la sociologia del lavoro.Scopo di questa tesi, quindi, è far emergere la socio-materialità del digitale, criticando l'idea di una dematerializzazione dei processi produttivi dovuta alle tecnologie digitali. Lo faremo a partire dall'analisi empirica di due casi di piattaformizzazione del lavoro negli spazi urbani: il food delivery a Bologna e il ride-hailing a Lisbona. Entrambi gli studi di caso mostrano, con le proprie specificità, la persistenza di processi ambivalenti, in cui l'attore pubblico e politico – il Comune di Bologna e il Parlamento portoghese – ha cercato di porre un argine normativo alle trasformazioni urbane e del lavoro dovute alle piattaforme digitali della gig economy. I processi di piattaformizzazione sono, ad un tempo, causa e conseguenza di altre due componenti della socio-materialità del digitale: la degradazione del lavoro nei nodi produttivi degli spazi extra-urbani e l'impatto ecologico. Perciò, abbiamo identificato la propagazione digitale come infrastruttura socio-materiale del capitalismo delle piattaforme, in quanto rappresenta un contributo diretto allo sfruttamento del lavoro e all'impatto ecologico nella fase contemporanea del capitalismo. Sul solco della cornice dell'etnografia multi-situata, la metodologia utilizzata per i due studi di caso sarà quella non-standard in quanto ci ha permesso di rispondere meglio agli stimoli emersi dal campo, in particolare l'intervista in profondità a testimoni qualificati (lavoratori, policy-makers, attivisti, sindacalisti). Inoltre, l'approccio netnografico, ci ha permesso di mantenere un legame, seppur mediato, con il campo di indagine. La ricerca empirica è stata condotto tra il 2019 ed il 2020. ; By situating in the critical framework of platform capitalism and adopting the socio-material approach, we investigate the capital-work-nature contradiction embodied in the digital. Thus, this research aim to highlight the socio-materiality of the digital, with a critique to the dematerialisation of the productive process as a result of digital technologies. On the contrary, this thesis make explicit the exploitation of work and nature along the global value chains of the platform capitalism. This hypothesis was developed on the basis of the case of platformisation of work in the urban spaces: the food delivery in Bologna and the ride-hailing in Lisbon. Both these cases show the persistance of contradictory and ambivalent process, for which the public actor and policy-makers (in our case the Municipality of Bologna and the Portuguese parliament) have tried to regulate the gig economy. But the process of platformization in the urban spaces are, at once, cause-and-effect of two more elements of the socio-materiality of the digital: the degradation of work in the productive nodes in the extra-urban spaces and the ecological impact. Thus, we identified the "digital propagation" as the socio-material infrastracture of platform capitalism, since it is a direct contribution to the increment of the exploitation of work and nature in the contemporary phase of capitalism. On the basis of a multi-situated etnography, we adopt a qualitative methodology, in particualar the in-depth interview to qualified witness (specifically workers, policy-makers, union representatives, activists). The field research was conducted between 2019 and 2020.
A few years after the introduction of the legislation on Special EducationalNeeds, this qualitative research intends to collect the experience of headteachers and teachers from four Italian regions (Lombardy, Piedmont, Ligury,Sicily).The 41 semi-structured interviews were analyzed following the approachproposed by Mortari (2007) and from the analysis four main themes emerged:fragility, responsibility, prejudice and (in) injustices and alliances inside andoutside the school. The data collected can guide and encourage the constructionof a positive relationship between school and family with positivebenefits for all the actors involved in this relationship. ; A distanza di qualche anno dall'introduzione della normativa sui Bisogni EducativiSpeciali, questa ricerca qualitativa intende raccogliere il vissuto didirigenti e docenti referenti di quattro regioni italiane (Lombardia, Piemonte,Liguria, Sicilia).Le 41 interviste semi strutturate sono state analizzate seguendo l'approccioproposto da Mortari (2007) e dall'analisi sono emersi quattro temi principali:fragilità, responsabilità, pregiudizi e (in)ingiustizie e alleanze dentro e fuorila scuola. I dati raccolti possono orientare e favorire la costruzione di unapositiva relazione tra scuola e famiglia con benefici positivi per tutti gli attoricoinvolti.
The book addresses the theme of youth climate activism building on the experience of FridaysForFuture activists and analyzing both their social representations of climate change and their social media usage practices. It accounts for the results of a qualitative research carried out with(in) the Roman group of the movement, adopting a solidarity-based epistemic stance that invites reflections both on activism and research practices. Drawing upon social representations theory, the authors analyze how the "Fridays" perceive climate change: as a socio-ecological crisis that comes from afar and has repercussions on the future, as something that affects everything and everyone; but also, as a generational problem whose environmental, social, and economic costs will be paid mainly by young people. On the other hand, guided by the literature on digital activism, the authors explore the way in which the activists inhabit social media: as constitutive environments of activism, where political and media practices define each other; but also, as environments that belong to young people and are characterized by age-specific communication styles. The two experiences related to climate change and the political usages of social media influence each other, giving rise to an unprecedented youth movement for the climate that can tell us about the transformations currently undergoing digital, environmental, and youth activism.
