Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Disability Prevalence
In: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities: an official journal of the Cobb-NMA Health Institute, Band 3, Heft 4, S. 635-645
ISSN: 2196-8837
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In: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities: an official journal of the Cobb-NMA Health Institute, Band 3, Heft 4, S. 635-645
ISSN: 2196-8837
In: American behavioral scientist: ABS, Band 49, Heft 6, S. 868-884
ISSN: 1552-3381
There are disturbing racial disparities in many health outcomes. However, do health communicators know how to do interventions that redress disadvantage? This article describes what communication campaigns do to address disparities, looks for evidence that segmented campaigns reduce disparities, and describes evidence that might support segmentation decisions (about behaviors, messages, channels, or message executions). The authors note arguments that segmentation can risk negative effects yet find no evidence about whether race or ethnicity-conscious segmentation reduces disparities. Nonetheless, with evidence, some approaches to segmentation are justified on commonsense grounds and for their political legitimacy.
In: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities: an official journal of the Cobb-NMA Health Institute
ISSN: 2196-8837
In: American behavioral scientist: ABS, Band 49, Heft 6, S. 868
ISSN: 0002-7642
In: The B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy, Band 21, Heft 4, S. 1289-1318
ISSN: 1935-1682
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, numerous states and the federal government enacted mandatory minimum reforms, especially for drug offenses. Yet little is known about how effective these reforms have been at the state-level in lowering drug sentences. Using quasi-experimental methods and administrative data, this study evaluates the impact of state-level mandatory minimum reforms on drug sentences and their concomitant racial-ethnic disparities. We find that state-level mandatory minimum reforms do not lower drug sentences in general or change racial-ethnic disparities statistically significantly. These findings suggest that the profound racial-ethnic bias sparked by state-level mandatory minimums are not fully ameliorated by subsequent state-level reforms.
In: Sociology compass, Band 14, Heft 9
ISSN: 1751-9020
AbstractThis article examines the importance of neighborhoods in shaping judicial processing and racial/ethnic disparities in court outcomes. Scholarship instructs that court actors—prosecutors, defense counsel, and judges—make legal decisions with local communities in mind. With the rise of geographic information in arrest records and mapping techniques, greater opportunities exist to evaluate the role of neighborhood context in the juvenile and criminal courts. This article synthesizes research on how the characteristics of neighborhoods where defendants live and/or offend influence judicial processing. Attention is given to how scholars define neighborhoods, identify key neighborhood conditions, and analyze the relationships among places and judicial decisions. Emphasis is also placed on unpacking debates on whether neighborhood conditions diminish or aggravate racial/ethnic disparities in court outcomes, such as incarceration decisions. Its analysis reveals findings of neighborhood effects as well as evidence of neighborhood characteristics widening racial/ethnic differences in judicial processing. This article thus encourages the consideration of community context in disparity studies and policy efforts to improve citizens' access to justice.
In: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities: an official journal of the Cobb-NMA Health Institute, Band 4, Heft 4, S. 758-762
ISSN: 2196-8837
In: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities: an official journal of the Cobb-NMA Health Institute
ISSN: 2196-8837
In: NBER working paper series 16578
"The NBER Bulletin on Aging and Health provides summaries of publications like this. You can sign up to receive the NBER Bulletin on Aging and Health by email. This paper studies racial/ethnic disparities in awareness of chronic diseases using biomarker data from the 2006 HRS. We estimate a 3-step sequential probit model which accounts for selection into: (1) participating in biomarker collection; (2) having illness (hypertension or diabetes); (3) being aware of illness. Contrary to studies reporting that African-Americans are more aware of having hypertension than non-Latino whites, we do not find this conclusion holds after self-selection and severity are considered. Likewise, African-Americans and Latinos are less aware of having diabetes compared to non-Latino whites. Disparities in unawareness are exacerbated when we limit the sample to untreated respondents"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site
In: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities: an official journal of the Cobb-NMA Health Institute, Band 4, Heft 6, S. 1147-1158
ISSN: 2196-8837
In: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities: an official journal of the Cobb-NMA Health Institute, Band 10, Heft 1, S. 334-342
ISSN: 2196-8837
In: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities: an official journal of the Cobb-NMA Health Institute, Band 6, Heft 3, S. 570-583
ISSN: 2196-8837
In: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities: an official journal of the Cobb-NMA Health Institute, Band 1, Heft 2, S. 110-119
ISSN: 2196-8837
In: NBER Working Paper No. w16578
SSRN
In: City & community: C & C
ISSN: 1540-6040
Structural racism and individual discrimination contribute to racial inequalities in poor housing conditions in the United States. Less is known about whether and how structural racism and individual discrimination shape a parallel, but distinct, process that is also consequential for family wellbeing: experiencing housing unit maintenance delays. Maintenance delays transform acute problems into chronic stressors and increase exposure to physical hazards over time. Using the 2013 American Housing Survey, I examine racial/ethnic disparities in maintenance delays across non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and American Indian/Alaska Native renters. Given that 2.3 million low-income households rent using Housing Choice Vouchers (HCVs), a federal housing assistance program with requirements around repair timing, I also examine how renting with a voucher shapes maintenance delays. There are three principal findings. First, White renters are more likely to report timely repairs than either Black or Hispanic renters. Second, for Black renters, both structural racism experienced in rental markets and individual discrimination drive this disparity, whereas Hispanic renters' diverging maintenance experiences are largely explained by pathways impacted by structural racism. Third, renting with an HCV is not associated with repair timeliness for any racial/ethnic group. Taken together, the findings suggest that racial/ethnic disparities in substandard housing emerge not only through unequal exposure to housing quality problems but also through unequal responses to these issues.