Suchergebnisse

У статті наводяться теоретичні положення грошового обігу та проблеми населення, що виникають внаслідок використання грошей політичними партіями The article presents the theoretical provisions of monetary circulation and population problems arising from the use of money by political parties

У статті наводяться теоретичні положення грошового обігу та проблеми населення, що виникають внаслідок використання грошей політичними партіями The article presents the theoretical provisions of monetary circulation and population problems arising from the use of money by political parties

У статті наводяться теоретичні положення грошового обігу та проблеми населення, що виникають внаслідок використання грошей політичними партіями The article presents the theoretical provisions of monetary circulation and population problems arising from the use of money by political parties

AbstractFor most of the period since China started to reform and open its economy, falling goods prices in developed economies have been offset by rising service prices, but as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic these relative price trends have been temporarily reversed. Separately from these relative price changes, the 2021–22 episode of inflation reflects broad money growth rates in many economies around the world since the start of the pandemic. The economies that are predicted to experience the greatest increase in inflation are those where monetary growth has increased most relative to the requirements to finance normal economic growth and the normal increase in demand for money balances (the inverse of income velocity).

From an early date Canada has been on an export basis in respect of dairy products considered as a group. From Confederation until the early years of the present century, expansion of production was to a large extent dependent upon the expansion of export markets. The extent of this dependence is indicated by the figures showing the exports of cheese and butter which, in the period in question, were the only dairy products exported. In the case of cheese, exports mounted steadily from 6,141,570 pounds in 1868 to the high point of 233,980,716 pounds in 1904. As for butter the amount exported, while somewhat irregular, was on the whole very considerable and in the later years of the period became extremely large. In 1868 exports of butter amounted to 10,649,733 pounds, whereas in each of the two high years, 1903 and 1906, they exceeded 34 million pounds. Since the latest years mentioned above, however, exports of both cheese and butter have tended decidedly downward. From the high point reached in 1904, cheese exports have fallen until for the year ending March 31, 1935, they were only 60,213,000 pounds. The amount of butter exported has varied widely but in only three different years since 1906 have exports exceeded 20 million pounds and in most years they have been well under 10 million pounds. In several years they have been from one to two million pounds and in the year ended March 31 last they fell to the record low level of 446,600 pounds.

Abstract.  Governments determine the size of the unit of value just as they determine the length and weight of physical units of measure. What are the different ways that a government can control the size of the unit of value, that is, control the price level? In general, the government designates a resource—gold, paper currency, another country's currency—and defines its unit of value as a particular amount of that resource. An interesting variant, proposed by Irving Fisher in 1913 and implemented more recently in Chile, is to alter the resource content of the unit to stabilize the price level. Another idea is to alter the interest rate paid on reserves in a way that stabilizes the price level. This essay originally appeared as "Controlling the Price Level,"Contributions to Macroeconomics 2(1), Article 5. See http://www.bepress.com/bejm/contributions/vol2/iss1/art5. Reprinted with kind permission of the Berkeley Electronic Press.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the possibilities of change management in the regional health care system. The research methodology includes the provisions of theories of change management, innovation management, concepts of organizational development, strategic management. The author's approach to managing changes in the Russian healthcare system at the regional level was developed using a systemic, multilevel, integrative, interdisciplinary approach, methods of comparative, factor analysis, instrumental methods of statistics. The study revealed shortcomings of the management systems in the healthcare during the pandemic. Proposed current approaches to change management, author's approach to their assessment in regional health care. The studies carried out show the high potential of the Russian medical science, the sanitary and epidemiological service, the rapid adaptation of the healthcare system in the face of the challenges associated with the pandemic. Along with the success of the Russian healthcare, serious problems have been identified in the management of the industry, including due to insufficient resource provision. A conclusion is made about the possibilities of increasing the level of development of the regional healthcare as a result changes in the industry through integration of medical science and practical healthcare, active implementation of innovations, digitalization, public-private partnership tools that contribute to preservation of the human potential and strengthening the socio-demographic, economic security of the region.

Recent research has shown that optimal monetary policy may display considerable price-level drift. Proponents of price-level targeting have argued that the costs of eliminating the price-level drift may be reduced if the central bank responds flexibly by returning the price level only gradually to the target path (Gaspar et al., 2010). We revisit this argument in two variants of the New Keynesian model. We show that in a two-sector version of the model which allows for changes in relative prices across sectors, the costs of stabilisation under price-level targeting remain much higher than under inflation targeting for all policy-relevant horizons. Our conclusion is that extending the policy horizon is not a panacea to reduce the costs of eliminating pricelevel drift.

Recent research has shown that optimal monetary policy may display considerable price-level drift. Proponents of price-level targeting have argued that the costs of eliminating the price-level drift may be reduced if the central bank responds flexibly by returning the price level only gradually to the target path (Gaspar et al., 2010). We revisit this argument in two variants of the New Keynesian model. We show that in a two-sector version of the model which allows for changes in relative prices across sectors, the costs of stabilisation under price-level targeting remain much higher than under inflation targeting for all policy-relevant horizons. Our conclusion is that extending the policy horizon is not a panacea to reduce the costs of eliminating pricelevel drift.

The analysis of observed data at different time points is prominent to single problems when the scientist studied random sampling data over time restricts the applicability of many traditional statistical methods that require random sampling. The analysis of this data is usually mentioned to the stochastic process, in a special case, if it relates to time, then it is called time series [1]. The aim of our study is to focus on the case of observations that are made at certain times of the year, specifically in the autumn season, in equal periods of time, and we estimate the effect of interference on wheat prices n order to obtain the best predictive model and the best order of this model for the overall effect on the price of wheat for the coming years.