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This Element examines the many facets of ethical realism and the issues at stake in metaethical debates about it-both between realism and non-realist alternatives, and between different versions of realism itself. Starting with a minimal core characterization of ethical realism focused on claims about meaning and truth, we go on to develop a narrower and more theoretically useful conception by adding further claims about objectivity and ontological commitment. Yet even this common understanding of ethical realism captures a surprisingly heterogeneous range of views. In fact, a strong case can be made for adding several more conditions in order to arrive at a proper paradigm of realism about ethics when understood in a non-deflationary way. We then develop this more robust realism, bringing out its distinctive take on ethical objectivity and normative authority, its unique ontological commitments, and both the support for it and some challenges it faces.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. A Picture Held Us Captive -- 2. Escaping the Picture -- 3. Checking Beliefs -- 4. Contact Theory: The Place of the Preconceptual -- 5. Embodied Understanding -- 6. Fusing Horizons -- 7. Realism Retrieved -- 8. Plural Realism -- Index.

The Realism Reader provides broad coverage of a centrally important tradition in the study of foreign policy and international politics. After some years in the doldrums, political realism is again in contention as a leading tradition in the international relations sub-field. Divided into three main sections, the book covers seven different and distinctive approaches within the realist tradition: classical realism, balance of power theory, neorealism, defensive structural realism, offensive structural realism, rise and fall realism, and neoclassical realism. The middl.

With the renaissance of political realism has come an insistence that the study of politics be historically located. While many political realists trace their conception of historical inquiry to Thucydides, this article shows how Herodotus can offer a more realist approach to political phenomena. Herodotus crafts a self-conscious form of historical inquiry that foregrounds the actual activity of the historian as intersubjective, reflective, and particular. Herodotus thus models a historical investigation that shows its own limits while demanding the evaluation of its readers, offering a way to address criticisms of political realism's singular and unacknowledged historical narratives. Moreover, Herodotus's Histories exemplify a disposition toward open inquiry among others—what Herodotus calls wonder—that can invigorate responsive curiosity as part of the project of historical understanding essential to both political realism and contemporary democracies.

'Roots of Realism' edited by Benjamin Frankel and 'Realism: Restatements and Renewal' edited by Benjamin Frankel are reviewed. A review is presented of two books edited by Benjamin Frankel: 1. Roots of Realism and 2. Realism: Restatements and Renewal.

"Neoclassical Realism" published on by Oxford University Press.