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When we say we ''act for a reason'', what do we mean? And what do reasons have to do with being good or bad? Introducing readers to a foundational topic in ethics, Eric Wiland considers the reasons for which we act. You do things for reasons, and reasons in some sense justify what you do. Further, your reasons belong to you, and you know the reasons for which you act in a distinctively first-personal way. Wiland lays out and critically reviews some of the most popular contemporary accounts of how reasons can function in all these ways, accounts such as psychologism, factualism, hybrid theori

Acknowledgments; Introduction by James Gouinlock; First Edition Contents; Chapter I: The Basis of Art in Instinct and Experience; Chapter II: Rationality of Industrial Art; Chapter III: Emergence of Fine Art; Chapter IV: Music; Chapter V: Speech and Signification; Chapter VI: Poetry and Prose; Chapter VII: Plastic Construction; Chapter VIII: Plastic Representation; Chapter IX: Justification of Art; Chapter X: The Criterion of Taste; Chapter XI: Art and Happiness; Chronology; Appendix; Variants to the Text of Reason in Art; Editorial Appendix; Explanation of the Editorial Appendix.

There are often conflicting considerations bearing on what one ought to do or believe. This conflict is often resolved by appealing to facts about the relative weights of these competing considerations. Anyone who might once have looked for exceptionless principles relating options with oughts should look instead for an account of normative reasons and their weight. This volume aims to provide the beginnings of a theory of weight

Reason and Democracy breaks new ground in providing a plausible philosophical basis for the communitarian view of a healthy democracy as the rational pursuit of common purposes by free and equal citizens. Thomas A. Spragens Jr. argues that the most persistent paradigms of Western political rationality originated in classical philosophy, took their modern expression in the philosophies of Kant and Mill, and terminated in Max Weber's pairing of purely technical rationality with arbitrary ends.Drawing on recent work in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of language, combined with approp

Reason and Democracy breaks new ground in providing a plausible philosophical basis for the communitarian view of a healthy democracy as the rational pursuit of common purposes by free and equal citizens. Thomas A. Spragens Jr. argues that the most persistent paradigms of Western political rationality originated in classical philosophy, took their modern expression in the philosophies of Kant and Mill, and terminated in Max Weber's pairing of purely technical rationality with arbitrary ends. Drawing on recent work in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of language, combined with approp.

"Cover" -- "Title Page" -- "Copyright Page" -- "Table of Contents" -- "Foreword" -- "Preface" -- "About the Authors" -- "1 What Legal Reasoning Is, and Why It Matters" -- "An Overview of Law and Politics" -- "The Law Is All Around Us" -- "The Rule of Law Keeps the Peace" -- "The Critical Importance of Judicial Impartiality" -- "A Definition of Law" -- "A Definition of Legal Reasoning" -- "Legal Reasoning Does Not Discover the "One Right Answer"" -- "The Four Elements of Legal Reasoning" -- "Case Facts" -- "Social Background Facts" -- "Rules of Law" -- "Widely Shared Values" -- "Sources of Official Legal Texts" -- "The Choices that Legal Reasoning Confronts" -- "Illustrative Case" -- "Questions about the Case" -- "2 Change and Stability in Legal Reasoning" -- "Sources of Unpredictability in Law" -- "The Disorderly Conduct of Words" -- "The Unpredictability of Precedents" -- "Is Unpredictability in Law Desirable?" -- "Vertical and Horizontal Stare Decisis: A Stabilizing and Clarifying Element in Law" -- "Illustrative Cases" -- "Questions about the Cases" -- "3 Common Law" -- "Origins of Common Law" -- "Reasoning by Example in Common Law" -- "The Cherry Tree" -- "The Pit" -- "The Diving Board" -- "Keeping the Common-Law Tradition Alive" -- "Making Common Law without Close Precedents" -- "Horizontal Stare Decisis in Common Law" -- "The Common-Law Tradition Today" -- "Illustrative Case" -- "Questions about the Case" -- "4 Statutory Interpretation" -- "What Are Statutes?" -- "Four Misguided Approaches to "First Instance" Statutory Interpretation" -- "Literalism: Sticking to the Words" -- "The Golden Rule" -- "Canons of Statutory Construction" -- "Legislative Intent" -- "Purpose: The Key to Wise Statutory Interpretation" -- "The Centrality of Statutory Purpose" -- "Determining Purpose: Words Can Help" -- "Determining Purpose: The Audience

Here, Michael LeBuffe explains claims about reason in Spinoza's metaphysics, theory of mind, ethics and politics. He emphasises the extent to which different claims build upon one another so contribute to the systematic coherence of Spinoza's philosophy