Suchergebnisse

Résumé L'immersion est une disponibilité, une plongée et, en cas d'inattention, une noyade. Il s'agit de percevoir un certain espace-temps fortuit ou produit, une disposition à la fois individuelle et collective pour la création de situations de résistance aux paradigmes environnementaux, politiques et sociaux contemporains. Les performances d'immersion sont des dispositifs qui suscitent des nouvelles formes de faire politique et d'exister dans le monde. Les performances-événements «Interférence MST / Sida», «Multimédia Libre», «Folie.com» et «Eroticomia» ont constitué un réseau d'immersions au Brésil dont les auteurs analysent ici certains aspects communs.

Recycling helps to limit or slow down the creation of entropy of the material system; however, full recycling appears unrealistic, in particular due to physical degradation of the material.The article aims to show that very high recycling rates can only be achieved through "loop" recycling, as opposed to "cascading" recycling. Examples of this are the cases of a few materials: firstly, the case of cardboard paper in 2000 at European level. In addition, plastics and, very succinctly, aluminium. In addition, the case of glass refers to an article already published in Waste, Sciences and Techniques No 13, 1994.However, for a more comprehensive view, the analysis will have to incorporate the energy, environmental, economic and social balances. ; International audience A limit to sustainable development could be the exhaustion of some natural resources. A counterpoint is represented by a global closed-loop replenishing system, but real cycles cannot be completely closed. Concerning material systems a factor of entropy lies in losses of physical properties. However recycling is a way to reduce or slow up entropy of material systems. To reach very high recycling rates, loop recycling, and not only cascade recycling, is needed.Cases of some materials provide illustration : at first the case of paper (and cardboard) for the year 2000 at an European level (on the basis of data from the European Recovery Paper Council). The case of plastics is surveyed too ; by comparison with paper, their recycling rates are low ; however not only mechanical recycling but also chemical (feedstock) recycling and energy recovery have to be taken into account. Another case is aluminium, with a high recycling rate, and the case of glass has been considered previously (Déchets, Sciences et Techniques n° 13, 1994).For a global view, the logic in terms of material entropy would have to be supplemented by energy and environmental balances and economic and social aspects. ; Recycling helps to limit or slow down the creation of entropy of the ...

artists - designers - cultural production - recycling - aesthetic experience - De nos jours, artistes et créateurs de toutes orientations, et dans différents champs de production culturelle, ont de plus en plus recours à des procédés impliquant le traitement de matériaux qui sont déjà disponibles dans l'espace culturel : ils créent en recyclant. Grâce aux nouvelles technologies de reproduction des œuvres et de traitement de données, cette modalité de production s'affirme comme une dominante de la culture contemporaine. Comment en rendre compte esthétiquement ? Quel est son impact sur notre expérience esthétique ? En quoi nous oblige-t-elle à repenser concepts et compréhension dans le domaine de l'esthétique. Dans ce livre, un groupe international de dix-huit chercheurs se penche sur cette interface entre esthétique et recyclage culturel et propose des éléments de réponse à ces questions. Ce livre est issu d'un colloque international qui eut lieu en 2001 à Montréal.

En 1947, les États-Unis et la France signèrent l'accord de libération des soldats allemands détenus sur son sol depuis 1944. Toutefois, les signataires avaient prévu que les prisonniers volontaires pouvaient, s'ils le souhaitaient, rester travailler en France. Mais, le gouvernement excluait le département de la Moselle du bénéfice de cette mesure, malgré la réelle pénurie de main-d'œuvre de la région. On voulait définitivement éradiquer tout signe de présence germanique dans cette partie de la France. Néanmoins, ce ne qu'après discussions que le pouvoir infléchit sa position car la reconstruction était prioritaire.

International audience ; At first the concept of trading is reminded: principle, fields of application, interest – notably economic efficiency (that is to say cost minimization to reach an objective) – and limits, which deal with equity, administration, monitoring and transaction costs. The content of the European Union (EU) directive of the 20th of December 1994 on packaging and packaging wastes is reminded, in particular its quantitative objectives for recovery and recycling; moreover in 2004 a new directive has set more ambitious objectives.Towards these objectives, tradings may be applied at different levels and between various categories of packagings, materials, "agents" and products chains:* trading between the EU states members, with free negotiation or with a system which is managed by a EU authority;* trading within a country between households packaging and commercial or industrial packaging, with the same or different objectives for the two categories;* trading between the packaging materials, with the same or different objectives for the materials;* moreover the packaging chain concerns different categories of "agents": producers of materials, manufacturers of packaging, packers or fillers, distributors, retailers and consumers; in some countries the responsibility is put on a category of agents, whilst in other countries it is a "shared" responsibility; and the chains concern categories of materials or products; the – complex – case of trading in the United Kingdom is evoked;* moreover towards the aim of (a high level of) environmental protection, the scope may be enlarged to other possible tradings by considering the objectives of other EU directives: on batteries, waste electrical and electronic equipment, end-of life vehicles, and so on.The interest and the limits of trading depend on the level, the "matter" and the mode of enforcement.As general conclusion, trading is not of course "the panacea", but some applications to packaging wastes (and other types of wastes) are possible and may be ...