Suchergebnisse

In questo lavoro di tesi viene evidenziata l'importanza dello strumento del mansionario nel processo di gestione della sicurezza in azienda e viene di conseguenza presentato un nuovo modello di strutturazione di questo documento in tale ottica.

Following the series of 'severe' seismic events that began in 2009, Italian legislation classified demolition debris as urban waste, despite Directive 200898EC calling for the reuse/recycling of 70% of all waste from human activities by 2020. This choice will produce a technical, cultural, environmental and economic impoverishment in territories already under heavy strain. Considering the convergence between the paradigms of the Circular Economy and Smartness, the essay identifies possible technological innovations for creating repositories of recovered materials. Collective activities and spatialities tied to processes of selection, reuse and recycling can generate forms of social-organisational-collective resilience required to confront the losses and damages suffered by a community.

Questo elaborato ripercorre l'iter della normativa sulla cessazione della qualifica di rifiuto, analizzando, nel primo capitolo, che cosa sono i rifiuti e come vengono gestiti, occupandosi soprattutto della fase del recupero. Successivamente, viene esaminata la disciplina del recupero rapportata all'end of waste, partendo dal decreto Ronchi del 1997, attraversando il testo unico ambientale ed arrivando agli ultimi risvolti della normativa con la legge n. 128/2019. In seguito troviamo la parte dedicata alle autorizzazioni ed ai controlli, per poi analizzare gli specifici regolamenti e decreti end of waste emanati sino ad oggi, fino a giungere alle conclusioni. This paper describes the procedure about the legislation end of waste. The first chapter deals with the definition of waste and the waste management, focusing on the recycling phase This work examines then the regulation about recycling related to end of waste, from Ronchi Decree of 1997, going through the Environmental Code (Testo Unico Ambientale), to the end of the legislation with law n. 128/2019. Finally, the paper describes licenses and controls and analyzes the specific regulations and decrees about end of waste issued until nowadays.

Da Roma a Gades/De Roma a Gades is dedicated to the illustrious and beloved archaeologist Simon Keay. It collects the scientific results of the International Workshop held in Rome in September 2019, which discussed the management, elimination and reuse of artisanal and commercial waste in maritime and river ports. Two relevant archaeological finds in recent years (the "Nuovo Mercato Testaccio" in Rome, focused on the recycling of rudera; and the "Halieutic Testaccio" in Gades, dedicated to waste from the fish processing industry), both currently being opened as museums, have constituted the spur to revive the discussion on the fundamental importance of ?dumps? for historical reconstruction in Antiquity. A dozen contributions from Italian, Spanish and French colleagues analyze the role of urban waste in the city from multiple perspectives, although most prominently from an archaeological point of view. From the few public examples still known in the Roman world (Monte Testaccio and the new find in Cádiz, possibly managed by that municipium in Baetica) to the problem of selected and unselected waste. Through paradigmatic examples from the Western Mediterranean (from the Palatine or Trastevere in Rome to the unique cases of Augusta Emerita or Arles) the contributors reflect on the "typology" of dumps and their importance for understanding the ways of life of past societies

Realizzato nell'ambito del progetto "Ricerca ed Innovazione per l'Olivicoltura Meridionale", finanziato dal MiPAAF ; The productive performance of an olive orchard is strongly affected by the olive grower capacity in choosing, combining, and properly performing the several agronomical practices, such as fertilization, soil management, irrigation, also taking into account their environmental impact. On the other hand, such expertise is taken into consideration by the recent agricultural European Union policy which supports and encourages the use of production technologies aimed to preserve natural resources. Among agronomical practices, fertilization can induce a ready and effective vegetative-productive response in olive trees. A well balanced and appropriate fertilization should take into account some steady points: real nutrient needs of olive trees along the different stages of plant life cycle; soil nutrient availability and tree nutritional status; synchronization between nutrient requirements by the plants (olive trees and, in case, cover crops) and their availability in soil volume where roots are present; fertilization techniques and their efficiency; soil management techniques (spontaneous or seeded cover crops, recycling of pruning material within the orchard, use of manure or compost) and water availability linked to natural conditions (rainfall) or irrigation practice. In the present report some practical suggestions for an appropriate mineral and organic fertilization are reported taking into account the different farm management systems.

Naples assumed an important political and economic role within the region of Campania during the late antique period. LA-ICP-MS data of 285 glass tesserae from the catacomb of San Gennaro in Naples confirm that the surge in building activities in the late fourth and early fifth century CE was accompanied by imports of new materials for the production of mosaic tesserae. Our results from Naples identify a substantial number of Jalame-like Levantine glasses for which there is no parallel within the Italian Peninsula. Only few scattered examples of this type of base glass are found among the published data from Aquileia, Ravenna and the Villa of Faragola, pointing to a link between the supply of glass and the sites' connectivity and economic strength. This seems to have changed after the fifth century. Elemental analyses, combined with SEM-EDS and micro-Raman indicate that the mosaics dating from the fourth to the eighth/ninth century CE in the catacombs of San Gennaro were overwhelmingly made from reused first- to fourth-century Roman base glasses opacified with calcium antimonate. The reuse and recycling of Roman glass and Roman tesserae is a common feature of mosaic assemblages in Italy more generally. The definition of a Roman spectrum tesserae reference group revealed this dependence on old Roman material throughout the first millennium CE.

The aim of this work is to investigate a solvolysis process for recycling polystirenic materials either expanded and not, with the target to identify the main design conditions for an industrial plant which provides for successive cycles of dissolution and precipitation to separate the polymer from the flame retardant agent: hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). In fact the current legislation allows the use of recycled GPPS (General Purpose PolyStyrene) only with a concentration of HBCD less than 100 ppm, because this agent is persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic. The experimental work has been developed through several phases. In the first phase a laboratory set-up was implemented to study the solubilization process of the polymer with dialkylcarbonates or their mixtures and the subsequent precipitation with butanol. In this context, various agitation systems and feeding methods of the mixtures have been experimented to evaluate the influence of fluid dynamics on the process. The following phases were focused on the identification and experimental validation of other solvent / non-solvent couples, keeping the toxicity for humans and the environment as a mandatory parameter. A helpful tool in the search for more efficient solvent / non-solvent pairs in purifying the polymer from HBCD (requiring less cycles of dissolution and subsequent precipitation) was found in HSPiP software, based on Hansen's solubility parameters and allowing to overcome the lack of data in the literature. Then, the experimental set up was implemented and the operating conditions were optimized to obtain the best precipitate and selected the most efficient solvent / non-solvent couple in removing HBCD.

In Italia il Codice dei Beni Culturali (2004- 2011) determina un destino incerto per le opere del secondo Novecento. Le incongruenze delle attuali procedure legislative sollecitano profondamente il ruolo culturale delle ricerche che usano metodologie meta progettuali e pongono la questione del ruolo culturale degli Uffici che di fatto decidono del destino della città costruita. Il saggio presenta il caso dell'edificio commerciale "Salamone & Pullara" (1964 - 1968) opera di Gabriele Nicoletti lungo la circonvallazione di Palermo. Nonostante la possibilità concreta di trasformarlo con efficacia per un nuovo uso, dimostrata da ricerche progettuali eseguite nell'ambito universitario e ampiamente comunicata attraverso appelli alla difesa del manufatto condivisi da molti soggetti istituzionali, l'edificio è stato demolito nel luglio 2017. Rievocarne la vicenda ha valore per affermare il ruolo del progetto nella costruzione di una prospettiva di tutela trasformativa per il costruito del secondo Novecento, sensibile ai suoi contenuti architettonici, chiaro nelle implicazioni teoriche a sostegno della nuova attribuzione di senso politico e semantico che questi luoghi aspettano. ; In Italy, the Code of Cultural Heritage (Codice dei Beni Culturali 2004-2011) determines an uncertain destiny for the buildings of the late twentieth century. The inconsistencies of the current legislative procedures call for the researches based upon meta-design methodologies and deeply question the cultural role of the Institutions that decide the destiny of the urban landscape. The essay presents the case of the commercial building "Salamone & Pullara" (1964 - 1968), the work of Gabriele Nicoletti along the Palermo ring road. Despite the concrete possibility of profitable recycling it for a new use, widely demonstrated by university research project further supporting many appeals to the maintenance of the building shared by several institutional subjects, the building was demolished in July 2017. To recall this event is relevant to affirm the role of the architectural project in framing the buildings of the second half of the twentieth century in a perspective of "transformative protection". That new approach will be sensitive to their architectural contents, clear in its theoretical implications and crucial for the attribution of renewed political and semantic meaning that these buildings expect.

Dottorato di ricerca in Meccanica agraria ; La lavorazione conservativa (CT) viene adottata su scala mondiale su 95 milioni di ettari, principalmente nelle Americhe ma l'utilizzo sta aumentando in Sudafrica, in Australia ed in altre zone semiaride del mondo. Viene utilizzato soprattutto come mezzo per proteggere i terreni da erosione e dal compattamento, per conservare il contenuto idrico e ridurre i costi di produzione. In Europa, l'area coltivata utilizzando la lavorazione conservativa sta aumentando soprattutto per ridurre i costi di produzione, ma anche per impedire l'erosione del terreno. Gran parte della terra coltivata in Europa è incline alla degradazione del terreno ma gli agricoltori ed i governi sono lenti a riconoscere e contrastare il problema, nonostante i gravi problemi ambientali e sociali che accompagnano il degrado del terreno. La lavorazione conservativa migliora la struttura e la stabilità del terreno, facilità l'assorbimento e la ritenzione idrica riducendo così i fenomeni di siccità. Questi miglioramenti della struttura del suolo inoltre riducono il rischio di ruscellamento superficiale e l'inquinamento delle falde con sedimenti, agrofarmaci e sostanze nutrienti. La riduzione dell'intensità di lavorazione del terreno abbassa il consumo di energia e l'emissione dell'anidride carbonica, mentre il sequestro del carbonio risulta elevato dovuto all'aumento nella sostanza organica nel suolo. Sotto lavorazione conservativa si osserva una fauna terrestre più ricca che può migliorare il riciclo delle sostanze nutrienti. ; Conservation tillage (CT) is practised on 95 million ha world-wide, predominantly in North and South America but its uptake is also increasing in South Africa, Australia and other semi-arid areas of the world. It is primarily used as a means to protect soils from erosion and compaction, to conserve moisture and reduce production costs. In Europe, the area cultivated using minimum tillage is increasing primarily in an effort to reduce production costs, but also as a way of preventing soil erosion and retain soil moisture. A large proportion of Europe's cultivated land is also prone to soil degradation but farmers and governments are being slow to recognise and address the problem, despite the widespread environmental problems that can occur when soils become degraded. Conservation tillage can improve soil structure and stability thereby facilitating better drainage and water holding capacity that reduces the extremes of water logging and drought. These improvements to soil structure also reduce the risk of runoff and pollution of surface waters with sediment, pesticides and nutrients. Reducing the intensity of soil cultivation lowers energy consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide, while carbon sequestration is raised though the increase in soil organic matter. Under conservation tillage, a richer soil biota develops that can improve nutrient recycling and this may also help combat crop pests and diseases.

The Philippines is one of the most rapidly urbanizing countries in Asia. This trend reflects the effects of years of high rates of natural population growth and consistent rural-to-urban migration. Urbanization in the Philippines has been led by Metro Manila, also known as the National Capital Region (NCR), since the 1950s. Metro Manila and the other five metropolitan areas of the country produce 80% of the Philippines' Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and no development strategies for the rural areas are to be implemented in the foreseeable future. The spread of informal settlements in the Philippines has become a phenomenon associated with big cities and unplanned expanding urban centres. From the early 1970s to more recent years, estimates of the number of informal settlers in the country have varied, ranging from 470,000 to 2.5 million families. Current estimates2, place the number of informal settlement families (ISFs) at about 1.5 million, 15% of the Philippines' total urban population. Many ISFs live in chronic urban poverty and are confronted by physical, economic, social, legal and environmental risks on a day-to-day basis. They have limited or no access to security of tenure, capital, social networks, environmental safety and legal security. Clearly, as in other developing countries, the pervasiveness of informal settlements in the Philippines can be traced back to low income, inadequate urban planning, lack of serviced land, lack of affordable social housing, and many other factors.3 In Metro Manila and other growing urban centres, informal settlers live in sprawling slums that do not meet the most basic hygienic needs (or, worse, are used as dumping grounds for hazardous wastes) where they are constantly exposed to serious health risks. This issue has been too often addressed in ineffective ways: demolitions, relocations to extra urban areas, overcrowded tenement buildings. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the informality that shapes this settlements and the social housing provided by the government so far can't be repressed, and should be incorporated in what is commonly considered "proper" architecture. These two aspects can successfully work together to generate an environment that responds to the needs of the people. Formality can lay the basis for informality to happen and evolve in a solid, safe and hygienic environment. This is the principle that defines the whole strategy here proposed for the chosen case study, the Smokey Mountain and Paradise Heights area in Tondo, Manila. The project is focused on the creation of public spaces at the street level using abandoned areas and existent and new buildings, in order to continuously connect parts of the city that share the same margins, but are not linked to one another. The proposal presents a series of covered public spaces realized using parts of some existing buildings and the alleviation of the overcrowding issue that affects this neighbourhood; a new and incremental social hosing building prototype, that would provide families highly flexible spaces; a diffused system of public toilets and wash-houses in the slum area, to provide ISFs with the sanitary and hygienic facilities they don't have access to; a family planning centre, with day-clinics for medical visits and classrooms for educational meetings and initiatives; and a junk shop, that could be the first step for a cooperative recycling business in the area. Another aspect that is pointed out is that in contexts characterized by scarcity of resources in terms of funds and materials, vernacular traditional buildings are the greatest resources for architects and engineers, as people managed to protect themselves from the weather elements with simple and effective precautions and no need of high-tech solutions. Of course, these precautions and architectural forms are to be actualized and adapted to the needs of a family living in a city of the 21st century, and this is were architects, engineers and planners should contribute with their expertise. Numerous NGOs have been and are working in the Smokey Mountain area, mainly carrying on important and indispensable feeding and schooling programs; I hope that this project, although probably utopian, will be able to raise awareness towards the living conditions of so many people also from an urban and architectural point of view.