Suchergebnisse

The Russian Federation has a high degree of the socio-economic differentiation among its regions, which objectively requires large-scale redistribution of funds between them. Intergovernmental transfers are one of the main tools of this redistribution. Other things being equal, an increase in transfers to the region leads to an increase in the unpaid goods' consumption by its residents, which ultimately affects their welfare. Moreover, these changes stimulate interregional migration. Therefore, the resulting change in welfare depends on multiple economic forces. Based on a computable model of general equilibrium with two regions, I assessed the effects of intergovernmental transfers for the Khabarovsk Krai' economy. The specific feature of the model is the behaviour of regional governments, which optimize the regional tax rate and budget expenditures in a non-cooperative game to maximize the utility function of resident households. The latter are completely mobile between regions and consume two types of goods, private and state-provided ones, under given budgetary restrictions. I carried out simulation estimations for two scenarios differing in motivation incentives of households to change their residency. Calculations have shown that a sharp increase (more than twofold) in the federal budget grants may lead to a significant inflow of labour resources to the recipient region, but changes in welfare, wages and per capita household consumption will be minor. The reason is the behaviour of the regional governments, balancing the households' consumer basket by changing the volume of local government spending. Ultimately, the actions of regional authorities seeking to maximize the residents' welfare will result in such changes in tax revenues, which will compensate the increase in households' consumption of the state-provided goods by the decrease in funding of the same goods from the regional budget. © 2019 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. ; Рассмотрены межбюджетные трансферты. Дана общая характеристика бюджетного федерализма. Представлена динамика структуры доходов и расходов консолидированного бюджета Хабаровского края. Приведено описание и формализация модели общего равновесия с двумя регионами.

The authors trace the stages of improvement of the Russian legislation on bankruptcy from the perspective of the redistribution and even interception of corporate control in the course of arbitration proceedings. The presented analysis shows the retrospective logic of formation of legal mechanisms and current areas of concern, the understanding of which can prevent irreversible situation on change of corporate control in the company. ; Авторы прослеживают этапы совершенствования российского законодательства о банкротстве под углом зрения возможностей перераспределения и даже перехвата корпоративного контроля в ходе арбитражных процедур. Представленный анализ показывает ретроспективную логику формирования законодательных механизмов и современные проблемные области, понимание которых позволяет предотвратить необратимые ситуации по смене корпоративного контроля в компании.

In der Sowjetunion gilt heute ein redistributives Modell der sozialen Differenzierung mit der Herrschaft des Staatsapparats über die Gesellschaft. Die Gesellschaft ist dadurch klassenlos geworden. Statt Klassenkampfes um das Eigentum an Produktionsmitteln ist ein Kampf um den Zugang zur Redistribution entstanden. Die Redistribution spaltet die Gesellschaft in zwei soziale Gruppen: Produzenten und Distributoren. Entsprechend dieser sozialen Spaltung der Gesellschaft existieren zwei verschiedene Infrastrukturen und Distributionssysteme: Staats- und kooperativer Handel für Werktätige und besondere, geschlossene Versorgungssysteme für die Elite. Infolge der Herrschaft einer totalen Redistribution ist die Schattenwirtschaft entstanden. Der unterschiedliche Zugang zur Redistribution bestimmt auch den offiziellen und nichtoffiziellen Status der sozialen Gruppen. Zunehmend größer wird die Marginalisierung der Gesellschaft und der Statusverluste von intellektuellen Berufen. (BIOst-ldg)

The article deals with the U.S. President Roosevelt's mediation missions that made a significant contribution to the settlement of the most acute international conflicts of the early XXth century – the Russo-Japanese War and the First Moroccan Crisis. Having offered his assistance to the conflicting parties in search for a mutual compromise, he by skillful maneuvering sought to use the contradictions between the great powers in the interests of own country's increasing influence in world politics. In his "balance of power" theory America played an important role in international relations: engaging in an active struggle for a more favorable alignment of forces, she should prevent the domination of someone's interests in a particular region based. By assuming the role of a mediator, Roosevelt was able not only to bring the U.S.A. to a great powers circle, but also to achieve "opening doors" for American capital based on the most-favored-nation treatment. ; В статье рассматривается посредническая миссия президента США Т. Рузвельта, внесшая существенный вклад в урегулировании наиболее острых международных конфликтов начала ХХ в. – русско-японской войне и первого марокканского кризиса. Предложив свое содействие конфликтующим сторонам в поисках взаимного компромисса, он стремился путем умелого маневрирования использовать противоречия между великими державами в интересах возросшего влияния собственной страны на мировую политику. В сформулированной им теории «баланса сил» существенное место в международных отношениях отводилось Америке: активно включившись в борьбу за более благоприятный расклад сил, она должна была не допустить господства чьих-либо интересов в том или ином регионе. Приняв на себя роль посредника в деле мира, Рузвельт смог не только ввести США в круг великих держав, но и добиться «открытия дверей» для американского капитала на основе принципа наибольшего благоприятствования в торговле.

Based on the hypothesis of uneven distribution of violence potential among economic agents, the paper describes a model of power redistribution as the purposeful manipulation of rules and/or enforcement mechanisms. The author determines the methodological foundations, premises and theoretical framework for the study of institutional interventions as forms of involuntary exchange. The state of violent equilibrium is described: further use of potential power for the interventionist leads to a decrease in legitimacy and increased control costs; the resistance of the object of intervention to the established institutional order causes an increase in the costs of noncompliance. We propose practical applications and perspective directions for further studies of power redistribution in the political and economic process.

The subject. The crisis of local self-government actualizes the problem of effectiveness oflegal regulation of the issues of its organization.The purpose of the paper is evaluation of the effectiveness of the regulatory framework forthe organization of local government.The methodology of research includes systematic analysis, formal legal method, interpretationof legislation.The results and scope of application. The crisis of local self-government actualizes the problemof effectiveness of legal regulation of the issues of its organization. Evaluation of theeffectiveness of the regulatory framework for the organization of local government is reducedto two questions: what are the limits of state legal regulation and what are the beginningof the division of powers on the organization of local government between the RussianFederation and the subjects of the Russian Federation.Recognizing the optimal legislative approach to the definition of the limits of state regulation,which assumes the creation at the federal level of a full-fledged legal mechanism for the implementationof local self-government, subject to its combination with the beginning of municipalself-regulation, the author criticizes the legislative approach to delineating the powersto organize local self-government between the Federation and the subjects of the Federation.Conclusions. Due to the legislative formula, according to which the scope of regional powersdepends on the discretion of the federal legislator, the local self-government turned out tobe "hostage" to the emerging federal relations. ; На основе анализа сложившейся практики в статье оценивается эффективность законодательного подхода к формированию нормативной правовой основы организацииместного самоуправления.

The article is devoted comparison to planned and socially-market models of economic and social policy in the western and east German states during the period from the termination of the Second World War before merge of both states; to the various device of redistribution of the public blessings, a standard of living
and state of the economy in the German states.

Важнейшим инструментом государственного регулирования экономических процессов, решения социальных, политических, производственных, экологических задач выступает бюджетный механизм. С помощью бюджета осуществляется перераспределение большей части национального дохода. Бюджет обеспечивает существование государства, развитие его экономики и культуры. ; By the major instrument of government control of economic processes, decisions of social, political, production, ecological tasks a budgetary mechanism comes forward. By a budget the redistribution of greater part of national income is carried out. A budget provides existence of osudarstva, development of its economy and cultures.

The data obtained during the study indicate the problem of placing hospitals in non-core buildings in remote garrisons of the Arctic region, affecting the performance of the surgical service in the event of any emergency situations requiring the redistribution of forces and means of military medical and preventive institutions. ; Данные, полученные в ходе исследования, свидетельствуют о существующей в отдаленных гарнизонах арктического региона проблеме размещения госпиталей в непрофильных зданиях, сказывающейся на показателях работы хирургической службы в случае возникновения любых нештатных ситуаций, требующих перераспределения сил и средств военных лечебно-профилактических учреждений.

Considered are the social and economic backgrounds of neoconservative revolution in Western countries. Suggested is the analysis of historical nature of neoconservative revolution, its political, economic and social consequences: the crisis of capital reproduction, destabilization of market relations, redistribution of global capital and economic influence, formation of new global competition forms. Suggested is the analysis of the discourse on the problems of modern systems crisis of the capitalist society. = Рассматриваются социальные и экономические предпосылки неоконсервативной революции в западных странах. Представлен анализ исторического содержания неоконсервативной революции, ее политических, экономических и социальных последствий: кризиса воспроизводства капитала, дестабилизации рыночных отношений, перераспределения глобального капитала и экономического влияния, формирования новых форм глобальной конкуренции. Представлен анализ дискурса по проблемам современного системного кризиса капиталистического общества.

Modern business groups have a powerful impact on the economic development of both developed and developing countries making it relevant to study the economic foundations of the success of these institutional structures. The article provides a systematization of international and national experience in the functioning of internal capital markets of business groups that can become one of most important strategic advantages of business groups by providing member companies with "exclusive" opportunities for efficient redistribution of intragroup funds. The methodological base of the study incorporates methods of systematization as well as statistical and comparative analysis. The study shows that business groups make a significant contribution to industrial production and, representing a large part of corporate sector (in terms of number of participants, industry coverage, size of assets, profits and market capitalization), play a significant role in the economic development of various countries. Internal capital markets of business groups are used to mitigate financing constraints and rescue weak member-companies, thus, help maintain and further strengthen the positions of integrated structures. Drawing on a wide range of empirical studies, the article highlights key effects of the redistribution of group financial resources in the context of three fundamental motives of controlling owners. The study demonstrates that under the current economic conditions Russian companies affiliated with business groups are imposed with more prerequisites to use internal capital markets to overcome external financing deficit. Estimated amounts of funds involved in financial transactions with related parties confirm the thesis on the growing role of Russian business groups' internal capital markets in corporate financing activities. Results and conclusions of this paper can be applied in practice by consultants and financial managers seeking to improve the funding of companies affiliated with both Russian and foreign business groups.

В статье рассматривается воспроизводственная функция заработной платы, обеспечивающая формирование личных доходов населения. Анализируется роль тарифной системы и ее влияние на минимальную заработную плату и прожиточный минимум населения. Рассматривается понятие «средняя заработная плата» и ее роль в отображении показателей экономического развития страны. Обосновывается целесообразность увеличения роли государства в политике перераспределения доходов с использованием налогово-трансфертного механизма. ; The reproduction function of salary, providing forming of the personal incomes of population, is examined in the article. The role of the tariff system and her influence are analysed on a minimum wage and living wage of population. A concept "Middle salary" and her role are examined in the reflection of indexes of economic development of country. Expediency of increase of role of the state is grounded in politics of redistribution of profits with the use of tax-transfer mechanism.

This paper investigates the formation and use of water resources in Tajikistan. The natural and geographic conditions as well as distribution of water resources across the economic regions are analyzed. It is stressed that after breakup of the Soviet Union the water use issues in Central Asia have acquired the dimensions of the interstate economic and political problems. Demographic growth, activation of desertification, global warming make most relevant the issue of equitable redistribution of water resources as the most valuable resource for economy. ; В статье рассмотрены вопросы формирования и использования водных ресурсов Таджикистана. Проанализированы природно-географические условия и распределение водных ресурсов по экономическим регионам. Отмечается, что после распада Советского Союза проблемы водопользования в Центральной Азии перешли на межгосударственные экономические и политические проблемы. Демографический рост, активизация процессов опустынивания, потепления климата придают особую актуальность проблеме справедливого перераспределения водных ресурсов, как ценнейшего экономического сырья.

The topicality of the research is determined by the low level of financial security of the majority of rural settlementsmunicipalities, as well as the existing tendencies of local government development in the Russian Federation. The article considers the problems of leveling budget provisions of municipal formations of rural settlements. The author sees a way to solve the existing problems in bigger municipalities, which will allow to adjustthe process of redistribution of income from the municipalities with a high level of budgetary sufficiency to support those with low incomes. ; Актуальность темы исследования определяется низкой финансовой обеспеченностью большинства муниципальных образований сельских поселений, а также имеющими место тенденциями развития местного самоуправления в РФ. В статье рассмотрены проблемы выравнивания бюджетной обеспеченности муниципальных образований сельских поселений. Одним из путей решения существующей проблемы автор видит укрупнение муниципальных образований, которое позволит отрегулировать процесс перераспределения части доходов с высоким уровнем бюджетной обеспеченности для поддержки муниципальных образований с низким уровнем доходов.

Optimization of state budget expenditures towards the development of military-industrial complex is one of the priorities of the current economic reforms. In addition, there are several features of allocation of fi nancial support in the military-industrial complex, which are due to problems of national security. Production of defense enterprises should be implemented, especially in the framework of a single defense order, which is not always benefi cial to the manufacturer, this requires a well-organized process of redistribution of the state budget. ; Оптимизация расходов государственного бюджета в направлении развития предприятий оборонно-промышленного комплекса, это одно из приоритетов современных экономических реформ. Кроме того, существует ряд особенностей выделения финансового обеспечения в оборонно-промышленный комплекс, которые обусловлены проблемами обеспечения национальной безопасности. Продукция предприятий ОПК должна реализовываться, прежде всего, в рамках единого оборонного заказа, который не всегда выгоден его производителю, для этого необходим хорошо организованный процесс перераспределения расходов государственного бюджета.