Suchergebnisse

Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction and theoretical framework -- Women's paths to power -- Women in social movements and interest groups -- The gender gap in elections and public opinion -- Gender and the decision to run for office -- Women on the campaign trail -- Women in power -- Women in local politics and government -- Women in congress and the state legislatures -- Women in the executive branch -- Women in the judiciary -- Appendix A: "Declaration of sentiments" and "resolutions" adopted by the Seneca Falls -- Convention of 1848 -- Appendix B: National organization for women's bill of rights and redstockings manifesto -- Index

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction to the Thirtieth Anniversary Edition -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Daring to Be Bad -- Introduction -- 1. The Re-Emergence of the "Woman Question" -- 2. The Great Divide: The Politico-Feminist Schism -- 3. Breaking Away from the Left -- 4. Varieties of Radical Feminism-Redstockings, Cell 16, The Feminists, New York Radical Feminists -- 5. The Eruption of Difference -- 6. The Ascendance of Cultural Feminism -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Appendix A: Discussion at Sandy Springs Conference, August 1968 -- Appendix B: Brief Biographies of Women's Liberation Activists -- Appendix C: A Guide to Women's Liberation Groups -- Appendix D: A Note on the Oral Interviews -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

Dangerous Ideas explores sex and love, politics and performance, joy and anguish in a collection of essays focussed on the history and politics of the Women's Liberation Movement and one of its offshoots, Women's Studies, in Australia and around the world. These are serious matters: they are about tectonic changes in people's lives and ideas in the late twentieth century, too little remembered or understood any longer. 'Feminism', this book suggests, 'is always multiple and various, fluid and changing, defying efforts at definition, characterisation, periodisation'. Nevertheless, Dangerous Ideas tackles some hard questions. How did Women's Liberation begin? What held this transformative movement together? Would it bring about the death of the family? Was it reorganising the labour market? Revolutionising human reproduction? How could Women's Studies exist in patriarchal universities? Could feminism change the paradigms governing the world of learning? In the United States? In Russia? In the People's Republic of China?
It is great fun, too. This book tells of Hobart's hilarious Feminist Food Guide; of an outburst of creative energies among feminists – women on top, behaving badly; of dreams and desires for an entirely different future. And, always unorthodox: it finds hope and cheer in a history of the tampon.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- What Was 1968? -- Salar Mohandesi, Bjarke Skærlund Risager, and Laurence Cox -- 1. United States -- Paul Potter: The Incredible War (1965) -- General Gordon Baker, Jr.: Letter to Draft Board 100, Wayne County, Detroit, Michigan (1965) -- The Diggers: Trip Without a Ticket (1967) -- Tom Hayden: Two, Three, Many Columbias (1968) -- Redstockings Manifesto (1969) -- The Black Panther Party and Young Patriots Organization: Right On! (1969) -- Young Lords Party: 13-Point Program and Platform (1970) -- 2. Canada -- Front de Libération du Québec: Message of the FLQ to the Nation (1963) -- Charles Gagnon and Pierre Vallières: Letter to Stokely Carmichael (1968) -- Keith Byrne, Rosie Douglas, and Elder Thébaud: Black Writers Congress: The Organizers Talk … (1968) -- Native Alliance for Red Power: Eight-Point Program (1969) -- Workers' Unity: Salt of the Earth … Two for the Price of One (1971) -- Corporation des Enseignants du Québec: Phase One (1971) -- Vancouver Women's Caucus: Lesbians Belong in the Women's Movement (1972) -- 3. Mexico -- National Strike Council: List of Demands (1968) -- National Strike Council: For a Worker/Peasant/Student Alliance (1968) -- Gilberto Guevara Niebla, Ana Ignacia Rodríguez, and María Alice Martínez Medrano: Eyewitness Accounts (1971) -- Jaime Sabines: Tlatelolco, 68 (1972) -- Party of the Poor: First Principles (1972) -- First Indigenous Congress: Resolutions (1974) -- La Revuelta: Editorial (1976) -- 4. Japan -- Akiyama Katsuyuki: To the Fighting Students and Workers of All Japan and the Whole World (1967) -- Iwadare Hiroshi: Without Warning, Riot Police Beat Citizens As Well: Dispatch from Our Reporter Inside the Maelstrom (1968) -- Council on Armed Revolution, Red Army Faction, Communist League: Declaration of War (1969).

This dissertation challenges the widely accepted historical accounts of women's movements in the United States. Second-wave feminism, claim historians, was unique because of its development of radical feminism, defined by its insistence on changing consciousness, its focus on women being oppressed as a sex-class, and its efforts to emphasize the political nature of personal problems. I show that these features of second-wave radical feminism were not in fact unique but existed in almost identical forms during the first wave. Moreover, within each wave of feminism there were debates about the best way to fight women's oppression. As radical feminists were arguing that men as a sex-class oppress women as a sex-class, other feminists were claiming that the social system, not men, is to blame. This debate existed in both the first and second waves. Importantly, in both the first and the second wave there was a geographical dimension to these debates: women and organizations in Chicago argued that the social system was to blame while women and organizations in New York City argued that men were to blame. My dissertation documents, clarifies, and explains the geographical divide in these positions. Rather than seeking differences between the first and second wave as most historians have done, I claim we should investigate regional differences within waves and continuities between waves. We cannot understand the second wave without understanding its connections to the first wave. I conceive of the women's movement as a field, consisting of a network-- actors who are connected to one another-- and a cognitive framework--a set of background assumptions about the way the world works. The women's-movement fields in New York City and Chicago, I argue, were distinct. I present a heuristic of overlapping waves for understanding the unique shape of different women's-movement fields. The women's-movement field, consisting of organizations that embody different cognitive frameworks, overlaps with the larger left milieu within a city. If an organization within the women's-movement field is in sync with the larger left milieu it will be amplified, just as two overlapping sound waves that are in sync are amplified, while organizations out of sync with the left milieu will be diminished or canceled. Because every city has a left milieu with a different cultural wave pattern, the same organization may be amplified in one city and canceled in a different city. As a result, each city has a distinct field. The dissertation supports this argument through four substantive chapters. The first substantive chapter, chapter 2, presents a historical narrative that demonstrates qualitative differences between the ways women approached politics in New York City and Chicago in both the first and second waves. These different approaches were influenced by the larger left milieu in which women were embedded in the two cities. Overall, the New York City left milieu was open, diverse, and extensible, encouraging self-expression and the creation of new forms and narratives in multiple arenas, including politics. Here, women in the first wave organized independently as feminists around gender universalist politics. Chicago was alternatively establishing itself as the center of revolutionary working-class politics, nurturing the development of unique and influential socialist and anarchist organizations. Here, feminists were embedded in left organizations fighting against capitalism, and they intimately linked gender politics with class politics. I show that this difference was repeated in the second wave, with socialist feminist groups in Chicago and radical feminist groups in New York City. Chapter 3 presents the women's movement in each city as distinct fields. This chapter measures the structure of each field through a network analysis of social-movement organizations within and connected to the women's movement. This chapter shows that the structure of the women's-movement field in Chicago in both periods was relatively centralized compared to the structure in New York City, and also that women--and women's-movement organizations--were embedded in the larger left compared to New York City's relatively independent women's-movement organizations. I additionally determine the structural position of individual organizations within each field, identifying which organizations were most central in each city and each time period: Hull House in Chicago in the first wave and Chicago Women's Liberation Union (CWLU) in the second wave, and Heterodoxy in New York City in the first wave and Redstockings in the second wave. In Chapter 4 I use computer-assisted text analysis to determine the cognitive frameworks embodied in these four central organizations, effectively measuring the culture of these fields. I find that Hull House and CWLU embodied a cognitive framework that assumed social change happens through institutions and is achieved through short-term goals around particular issues that win concrete changes. Heterodoxy and Redstockings in New York City embodied a cognitive framework that assumed social change happens through individuals and is achieved by changing the individual consciousness of women through abstracting from their individual experiences to build solidarity and make claims about social structures. Fully understanding any one field, I argue, requires analyzing both the structure and culture of the field. Chapter 5 turns to the question of how we might explain the persistence of these fields over time. I present evidence for two explanations. I first present evidence of institutional legacies within each city--the same types of organizations were founded in the first and second waves in each city. I also demonstrate that co-existing first- and second-wave organizations provided concrete mechanisms connecting the two waves. I use historical narrative to suggest three different mechanisms through which the second-wave women's movement was concretely connected to the first wave: (1) first- and second-wave organizations interacted through common issues, represented by the case of Planned Parenthood in Chicago, (2) they interacted through common alignments, represented by the case of the Women's City Club of New York City, and (3) they shared ideas, represented by the case of Women Strike for Peace. The women's movement, I argue, should not be thought of as two distinct waves but as one continuous movement that ebbs and flows over time.

1963-1969.(from) The feminine mystique /Betty Friedan ;Sex and caste: a kind of memo /Casey Hayden and Mary King ;(from) Jane Crow and the law: sex discrimination and Title VII /Pauli Murray and Mary O. Eastwood ;(from) SCUM manifesto /Valerie Solanas ;(from) Toward a female liberation movement, Part I /Beverly Jones and Judith Brown ;No more Miss America! /New York Radical Women ;Statement on birth control /Black Women's Liberation Group of Mt. Vernon, New York ;On celibacy /Dana Densmore ;The myth of the vaginal orgasm /Anne Koedt ;(from) Phallic criticism /Mary Ellman ;Leaflet /Witch ;An argument for black women's liberation as a revolutionary force /Mary Ann Weathers ;(from) Radical feminism /Ti-Grace Atkinson ;The personal is political /Carol Hanisch ;The politics of housework /Pat Mainardi ;Women: Do you know the facts about marriage? /The Feminists ;Double jeopardy: to be black and female /Frances M. Beal ;The man's problem /Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and Lisa Leghorn ;(from) The next great moment in history is theirs /Vivian Gornick ;Manifesto and principles /Redstockings --1970-1979.(from) The dialectic of sex /Shulamith Firestone ;(from) Sexual politics /Kate Millett ;(from) The 51% minority /Shirley Chisholm ;Abortion law repeal (sort of): a warning to women /Lucinda Cisler ;The woman identified woman /RadicaLesbians ;(from) Are women equal under the law? /Gene Boyer ;(from) Angry notes from a black feminist /Doris Wright ;(from) Position paper on women /Young Lords Party ;Why I want a wife /Judy Syfers ;A brief elegy for four women /Robin Morgan ;(from) The children's house /Marcia Sprinkle and Norma Allen Lesser ;(from) Rape: the all-American crime /Susan Griffin ;(from) New voice of La Raza: Chicanas speak out /Mirta Vidal ;Black & blacklesbian /Margaret Sloan ;Sisterhood /Gloria Steinem ;(from) The housewife's moment of truth /Jane O'Reilly ;(from) Women who are writers in our century: one out of twelve /Tillie Olsen ;Lesbians in revolt /Charlotte Bunch ;Welfare is a women's issue /Johnnie Tillmon ;(from) Birth control /Barbara Seaman ;(from) Women and madness /Phyllis Chesler ;(from) The verbal karate of Florynce R. Kennedy, Esq. ;(from) Consciousness-raising: a radical weapon /Kathie Sarachild ;Preface to Our bodies, ourselves /Boston Women's Health Collective ;(from) The new feminism and women's studies /Catharine R. Stimpson ;In search of our mothers' gardens /Alice Walker ;Wages against housework /Silvia Federici ;Practicing health without a license /Lolly Hirsch ;Sex and women's liberation /Anne Forer ;(from) Joan Little: the dialectics of rape /Angela Davis ;(from) Against our will: men, women and rape /Susan Brownmiller ;(from) A black feminist's search for sisterhood /Michele Wallace ;(from) The woman warrior /Maxine Hong Kingston ;(from) Through the flower: my struggle as a woman artist /Judy Chicago ;(from) Of woman born /Adrienne Rich ;(from) Trashing: the dark side of sisterhood /Jo Freeman ;A letter from a battered wife /Del Martin ;What is socialist feminism? /Barbara Ehrenreich ;The majority finds its past /Gerda Lerner ;A black feminist statement /The Combahee River Collective ;(from) In mourning and in rage... /Suzanne Lacy and Leslie Labowitz ;(from) Gyn/ecology /Mary Daly ;Notes from a free-speech junkie /Susan Jacoby ;Eleven ways to fight sexual harassment /Lin Farley ;(from) Uses of the erotic: the erotic as power /Audre Lorde ;Racism and women's studies /Barbara Smith --1980-1991.We're all in the same boat /Rosario Morales ;(from) Speaking in tongues: a letter to 3rd world women writers ;To change the world for women /Catharine MacKinnon ;(from) Pornography /Andrea Dworkin ;Pornography and pleasure /Paula Webster ;My mother liked to fuck /Joan Nestle ;(from) La güera /Cherríe Moraga ;(from) Invisibility is an unnatural disaster: reflections of an Asian American woman /Mitsuye Yamada ;(from) From housewife to heretic /Sonia Johnson ;(from) The vows, wows, and joys of the high priestess or What do you people do anyway? /Z. Budapest ;(from) In a different voice: psychological theory and women's development /Carol Gilligan ;(from) Toward a feminist sexual revolution /Ellen Willis ;The fear that feminism will free men first /Deirdre English ;(from) A gathering of spirit /Beth Brant ;(from) Who is your mother? Red roots of white feminism /Paula Gunn Allen ;(from) Thoughts on Indian feminism /Kate Shanley ;Ending female sexual oppression /bell hooks ;(from) The mother tongue, Bryn Mawr commencement address /Ursula K. Le Guin ;style no. 1 /Sonia Sanchez ;Don't you talk about my mama! /June Jordan ;WHISPER: Women hurt in systems of prostitution engaged in revolt /Sarah Wynter ;(from) U.S. PROStitutes Collective /Rachel West ;(from) Pages from a gender diary: basic divisions of feminism /Ann Snitow ;(from) Backlash /Susan Faludi.