Suchergebnisse

Referendum lokalne jest przykładem demokracji bezpośredniej. Jego istota zawiera się w powszechnym i bezpośrednim udziale uprawnionych obywateli w głosowaniu, z których każdy dysponuje jednym głosem, a decydujące znaczenie ma wola większości. Jego przeprowadzenie wymaga ustalenia rodzaju referendum (wiążące lub opiniodawcze) oraz prawidłowego sformułowania pytania referendalnego. Idea referendum lokalnego niesie ze sobą pewne ograniczenia: przedmiotowe i organizacyjne (zakłada pewną aktywność obywateli; często trudno o pełny racjonalizm w dokonywanym wyborze; sama formuła głosowania ogranicza pole dla ewentualnego kompromisu; przeprowadzenie wymaga czasu oraz wiąże się z koniecznością poniesienia znaczących kosztów). ; A local referendum is an example of direct democracy. Its essence is contained in the universal and direct participation of eligible citizens in voting in which everyone has one vote, and the willpower of the majority is decisive. Prior to a referendum it must be decided whether it will be binding or opinion-making while the questions to be asked in a referendum must be correctly formulated.The idea of a local referendum carries certain objective and organisational limitations (it assumes a certain initiative of citizens; the full rationalism of the choice made is not always obvious; and the voting formula limits the field to a possible compromise; it is also time consuming and it entails significant cost).

Am 7. August votierten 60 Prozent derjenigen, die am Referendum teilnahmen, für die vom Militär verfasste, neue Verfassung. Wie ist dieses Ergebnis einzuschätzen und wie verändert es die Aussichten auf Demokratie in Thailand?

Resumen: El referéndum, entendido como "la oportunidad de que los electores participen en el proceso de toma de decisión votando sobre una cuestión más o menos específica y determinada" (Uleri, 1996, p. 2), ha tomado históricamente infinidad de formas, con desenlaces diversos dependiendo del contexto en el que ha sido desarrollado. No obstante, tanto la proliferación como la relevancia que este mecanismo ha adquirido en las democracias contemporáneas plantean nuevas vías de estudio, entre las que se encuentra su potencial para encauzar una participación efectiva frente a su reducido uso tradicional como mero mecanismo de legitimación política. El artículo tiene como objetivo plantear las bases para la discusión del uso referéndum en relación a una concepción de la democracia que se extienda más allá de la lógica de la representatividad.Palabras clave: Referéndum, democracia directa, democracia representativa, participación, representación, iniciativa.Abstract: The referendum, understood as "the opportunity for electors to participate in a decision-making process by voting on an issue more or less specific and determined" (Uleri, 1996, p. 2), has historically taken an infinite amount of shapes, with diverse outcomes depending on the context in which it has taken place. However, the recent surge both in its use and its relevance in contemporary democracies raises new research lines, among which is its potential to channel an effective participation in contrast to its traditional use as a simple legitimation mechanism. The article's objective is to set the foundation for a discussion on the use of referendums in relation to a conception of democracy that goes beyond the logic of representation.Keywords: Referendum, direct democracy, representative democracy, participation, representation, initiative.

We examine the gap between perceptions of seeing referendums as an important democratic principle, versus perceiving how referendums are used in practice. We term this the "referendum disappointment" gap. We find support for referendums as a democratic principle is strongest among those most disaffected from the political system, and that the disaffected are more likely to perceive they are not given a say via referendums. We also find context-specific effects. Disappointment was greater in countries with higher corruption and income inequality. We also find higher disappointment among right-populist voters, those who distrusted politicians, and among people who viewed themselves at the bottom of society. Overall, these patterns reflect disappointment with democracy among sections of society who have a sense of not being heard that conflicts with how they expect democracy should work in principle.

We examine the gap between perceptions of seeing referendums as an important democratic principle, versus perceiving how referendums are used in practice. We term this the "referendum disappointment" gap. We find support for referendums as a democratic principle is strongest among those most disaffected from the political system, and that the disaffected are more likely to perceive they are not given a say via referendums. We also find context-specific effects. Disappointment was greater in countries with higher corruption and income inequality. We also find higher disappointment among right-populist voters, those who distrusted politicians, and among people who viewed themselves at the bottom of society. Overall, these patterns reflect disappointment with democracy among sections of society who have a sense of not being heard that conflicts with how they expect democracy should work in principle.

The article deals with the current wave of secession referendums. It argues that it seems to be part of the movement against the internationalization of domestic politics, epitomized by the process of fiscal and political integration in the EU. Analyzing the situation of Ukraine, Scotland, Catalonia and the Italian Region of Veneto, the article reaches the following conclusions: independence referendums have some distinctive features that set them apart from other forms of referendum; they are a great challenge to kelsenian sovereignty and representative democracy, but nonetheless they have to come to terms with it in order to be held; some countries seem better prepared than others to accommodate their challenge, and this must have something to do with their respective legal systems and possibly electoral systems as well.

Il contributo esamina gli aspetti salienti del regime giuridico del referendum costituzionale mettendone in evidenza le più significative problematiche applicative nonché le trasformazioni registrate dall'istituto nella prassi. L'analisi dei precedenti storici consente di svolgere talune considerazioni critiche anche in relazione al prossimo referendum costituzionale del 4 dicembre 2016, rintracciando talune costanti che hanno caratterizzato i processi di innovazione istituzionale passati ed in itinere. ; The paper examines the salient aspects of the legal regime of the constitutional referendum highlighting the most significant application issues as well as the transformationsrecorded in practice. The analysis of previoushistorical data allows to carry out certain critical remarksin relation to the next constitutional referendum of December 4, 2016, tracking certain constants which are typicalboth in the past and ongoing institutional innovation.

Introductory note -- pt. I. The referendum in Switzerland -- pt. II. The referendum outside Switzerland -- pt. III. British parties and the referendum. ; Mode of access: Internet.

International audience ; This study tests competing hypotheses about public support for European integration and projects referendum voting behaviour. It emphasizes anti-immigration sentiments as a key variable for understanding reluctance about integration. Drawing on survey data, it is shown that anti-immigration sentiments, economic considerations and the evaluation of domestic governments are the strongest predictors of both attitudinal support for integration and individuals' propensity to vote 'yes' in a referendum on the enlargement of the European Union (EU).

The 1967 Referendum symbolised the political and legal emancipation of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. However, despite the high hopes the referendum set out to achieve, the equivocation of the 'yes' vote over constitutional reform led to no real or clear-cut changes at all

Il presente lavoro affronta il tema della rilevanza del coinvolgimento dei cittadini sul tema delle riforme costituzionali. In particolare, l'elaborato è dedicato alla analisi dell'istituto del referendum costituzionale ponendo l'attenzione non soltanto sugli aspetti strettamente giuridici ma anche su quelli politici. La trattazione inizia con il resoconto dei lavori nell' Assemblea Costituente (l'organo legislativo elettivo che nel 1946 fu preposto alla stesura di una Costituzione per la neonata Repubblica italiana) avendo riguardo al rilievo dato all'epoca a questo istituto; inoltre si racconta il periodo successivo fino ai giorni nostri cercando ,in particolare, di capire le ragioni della sua lunga inattuazione. Successivamente si approfondiscono i temi della iniziativa referendaria, la mancata previsione di un quorum necessario al fine della validità della consultazione, le problematiche relative alla natura (oppositiva o confermativa) del referendum costituzionale, le leggi costituzionali nn. 1/93 e 1/97, la legge attuativa del referendum (n. 352/1970), i caratteri del quesito, l'omogeneità e il cosiddetto "spacchettamento". Alla fine, si conclude con una panoramica sulle prospettive di riforma del referendum costituzionale, dando conto altresì delle due ultime applicazioni dell'istituto nel 2006 e nel 2016.

On cover: Ohio State Library. Legislative Reference Department. ; Bibliography: p. 64-79. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Requisito essenziale per ogni ordinamento democratico è una corretta informazione della cosa pubblica, tanto più nel caso di consultazioni referendarie. Quale rimedio contro le fake news che possono condizionare l'esito dei referendum? La concezione liberale del digital market place of ideas appare insufficiente e problematiche risultano anche altre soluzioni prospettate in dottrina. La via più efficace e duratura per combattere le false notizie e assicurare una corretta informazione sembra allora quella di potenziare in ogni modo l'istruzione pubblica

Reprinted articles or addresses from various journals; most articles are condensed. ; About trusting people's judgment / World's work, June 1911 -- Experiments in government / Elihu Root -- Symptoms of national decay and the remedy / Wm. Preston Hill -- The initiative and the referendum / James Boyle -- Direct legislation / John Z. White -- Representative government as against direct government / Samuel W. McCall -- Direct legislation / Frank Parsons -- The abnormal in law making / Francis B. James -- Answers to objections to the initiative and referendum / by Geroge H. Shibley and Robert L. Owen -- Brief reasons for the initiative and referendum / Frank Parsons. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This article deals with the theory and practice of Slovak referendum. Special aim is concentrated on referendum in 1997 (held on NATO accession and on the direct election of the president of the Slovak Republic). Generally speaking referendums brought with a lot of problems. Their outcome was polarization of society and political elite. All Slovak referendums were unsuccessful (with the exception of last referendum – euro referendum in 2003). Concerning the consolidation of Slovak democracy referendums had a negative impact. ; This article deals with the theory and practice of Slovak referendum. Special aim is concentrated on referendum in 1997 (held on NATO accession and on the direct election of the president of the Slovak Republic). Generally speaking referendums brought with a lot of problems. Their outcome was polarization of society and political elite. All Slovak referendums were unsuccessful (with the exception of last referendum – euro referendum in 2003). Concerning the consolidation of Slovak democracy referendums had a negative impact.