Suchergebnisse

The aim of the article is to present, based on theoretical studies of integration, the evolution of this process in Latin America and, most recently, in South America. Based on these studies, the goal is to analyze the role played by Brazil in the process, which defines as priorities of its foreign policy a regional and global framework for its international action that is based on both cooperation and power projection.The research has been conducted based on theories of integration, an historical background on Latin American integration and in Brazilian foreign policy, through its contemporary agenda. The answer was based on a comparative agenda and in a bibliographical critical analysis of the research material.The main findings of the paper point out that Latin American integration has specific features linked to the economic, political and stragetic realities of the continent that show the limitations of some theories applied to the European process, also that it depends on Brazilian foreign policy actions, that still sees the region as instrumental to its interests. So, Brazil sometimes fail to fulfill some requisites of integration that are essential to sustain its projects. Therefore, there is a cycle of enlargement and deepening of regional integration process in this political space that point out to the need of a more sustained compromise of Brazilian foreign policy towards these projects. If Brazil continues not to sustain these projects, they will lose momentum and significance once more, increasing power asymmetries in the region.

Este trabalho aborda a normatização existente entre os Países Partes do MERCOSUL, que formam o arcabouço jurídico e institucional para as diversas relações mercosulistas em relação aos recursos hídricos – um recurso importante e estratégico, que merece um tratamento normativo para sua preservação e proteção para futuras gerações. Diante da inexistência de uma normativa geral a respeito dos recursos hídricos no MERCOSUL, foi necessário trabalhar os principais acordos multilaterais nesse domínio e que envolvem os países do MERCOSUL, como o Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica e o Tratado da Bacia do Prata, em relação às águas superficiais; e também do arcabouço jurídico da Declaração Conjunta dos Presidentes dos Estados do MERCOSUL sobre o Aquífero Guarani, importante riqueza para as gerações atuais e futuras mercosulistas. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir do método hermenêutico, por meio do levantamento e análise das normas jurídicas internacionais envolvendo os Estados partes do MERCOSUL, em tratados multilaterais sobre águas transfronteiriças superficiais e subterrâneas. Realizou-se a coleta de informações, por meio de materiais bibliográficos, livros, periódicos, mapas temáticos, informações e documentos disponíveis em páginas eletrônicas da rede mundial de computadores. A combinação das normas jurídicas esparsas acaba por regular boa parte das relações jurídicas hídricas entre os Estados Partes do MERCOSUL, uma vez que sua conjugação abrangem todos os Estados integrantes do MERCOSUL. ; This work discusses the regulatory standardization among countries that are party to MERCOSUR. This standardization forms the legal and institutional framework for maintaining important and strategic water resources, which require such regulation in order to be preserved and protected for present and future generations. Due to the lack of general legislation relating to MERCOSUR's water resources, it was necessary to study the main multilateral agreements among the MERCOSUR countries, such as the Amazon Cooperation Treaty and the River Plate Basin Treaty relating to surface water, and also the legal points included in a recent joint statement of the presidents of the Mercosur States regarding the Guarani Aquifer, which is an important resource for current and future generations of the MERCOSUR. The survey was developed using the hermeneutical method, based upon surveys and analysis of international legislation involving MERCOSUR member states, multilateral treaties relating to transboundary waters and groundwater zones and also included a search of bibliographic materials, books, journals, thematic maps, information and documents available on the Internet. The combination of the sparse legal rules covers most legal relationships between MERCOSUR member states relating to water. ; Este trabalho aborda a normatização existente entre os Países Partes do MERCOSUL, que formam o arcabouço jurídico e institucional para as diversas relações mercosulistas em relação aos recursos hídricos – um recurso importante e estratégico, que merece um tratamento normativo para sua preservação e proteção para futuras gerações. Diante da inexistência de uma normativa geral a respeito dos recursos hídricos no MERCOSUL, foi necessário trabalhar os principais acordos multilaterais nesse domínio e que envolvem os países do MERCOSUL, como o Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica e o Tratado da Bacia do Prata, em relação às águas superficiais; e também do arcabouço jurídico da Declaração Conjunta dos Presidentes dos Estados do MERCOSUL sobre o Aquífero Guarani, importante riqueza para as gerações atuais e futuras mercosulistas. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir do método hermenêutico, por meio do levantamento e análise das normas jurídicas internacionais envolvendo os Estados partes do MERCOSUL, em tratados multilaterais sobre águas transfronteiriças superficiais e subterrâneas. Realizou-se a coleta de informações, por meio de materiais bibliográficos, livros, periódicos, mapas temáticos, informações e documentos disponíveis em páginas eletrônicas da rede mundial de computadores. A combinação das normas jurídicas esparsas acaba por regular boa parte das relações jurídicas hídricas entre os Estados Partes do MERCOSUL, uma vez que sua conjugação abrangem todos os Estados integrantes do MERCOSUL.

The article focuses on the region with the lowest level of regional integration: South Asia. Firstly, it describes the role played by the central intergovernmental organization in South Asia: the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. Secondly, it outlines the key obstacles for integration in the region. Thirdly, it describes how the main regional actors -- SAARC, Member states, academia & civil society, & the European Union assess regional integration in South Asia. Finally, the article suggests possible scenarios for the region. Adapted from the source document.

Não obstante o processo de globalização, o Estado Nacional, para países dotados de satisfatória condição de autonomia, continua sendo o agente decisório. Integrações regionais, como as da União Européia e do Mercosul , tornaram-se necessárias condições de sustentação dessa autonomia. ; In spite of the globalization process, the National State still represents the deciding agent in countries with satisfactory autonomy conditions. Regional integrations such as European Union and Mercosur have become necessary conditions to sustain this autonomy.

The paper aims to analyze the performance of UNASUR in its first initial phase of activities in cases of democratic crises that happened in South America, during the period 2008-2015. Thus, it examines the cases of Bolivia (2008), Ecuador (2010), Paraguay (2012) and Venezuela (2014-2015). The central hypothesis of this study is that the defense of democracy and its institutions has been incorporated as one of the fundamental elements of the organization. Therefore, UNASUR is guided by political dialogue and consensus building for the maintenance of the democratic order in the South American countries and, consequently, a deepening of the regional integration process. It is argued that UNASUR includes democracy as one of its core values and acts to defend it in unstable situation. Therefore, the strengthening of the organization depends, among other factors, on its ability to resolve conflicts and promote democracy in the continent.

The process of economic integration between Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay — and so far with Chile and Bolívia —, the MERCOSUR, Is viewed as part of a movement that is changing the relation of economy and space. In this sense, first of all, some theoretical questions about economic development and the territory are pointed out, describing this relationship at the level of accumulation and regulation and picturing the fordist mode of development and its Latin-American contemporary, the national development—commonly identified with import substitution. Secondly, a historical overview of Latin America's South Cone development at the fordist age tries to characterize the regimes of accumulation and modes of regulation prevailing in a national base at each country. Thirdly, the post-fordist era is considered with the changes in the international regime, the accumulation process and the regulation structures and their effects on the economic integration. At least, the hypothesis of the emerging continental block, the MERCOSUR, be a new milestone in economic development for the region is dealt with as a possible new kind of spatiality for capital accumulation. ; The process of economic integration between Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay — and so far with Chile and Bolívia —, the MERCOSUR, Is viewed as part of a movement that is changing the relation of economy and space. In this sense, first of all, some theoretical questions about economic development and the territory are pointed out, describing this relationship at the level of accumulation and regulation and picturing the fordist mode of development and its Latin-American contemporary, the national development—commonly identified with import substitution. Secondly, a historical overview of Latin America's South Cone development at the fordist age tries to characterize the regimes of accumulation and modes of regulation prevailing in a national base at each country. Thirdly, the post-fordist era is considered with the changes in the international regime, the accumulation process and the regulation structures and their effects on the economic integration. At least, the hypothesis of the emerging continental block, the MERCOSUR, be a new milestone in economic development for the region is dealt with as a possible new kind of spatiality for capital accumulation.