Suchergebnisse

Abstract This article is motivated by the existence of various laws and regulations that discredit and discriminate against believers to get their rights guaranteed by Article 29 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which affirms the right to freedom of religion and belief. The problem raised is what legal politics underlie legislation that prevents trustees from obtaining the same rights as other Indonesian citizens. The search results found that the legal politics underlying the discrediting legislation and discriminating against religious believers were the legal politics of the world religions paradigm which gave the majority the religious role to intervene in government policies to marginalize religious minorities. Keywords: legal politics, belief groups. Abstrak Artikel ini dilatar belakangi adanya berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang mendiskreditkan dan mendiskriminasi penghayat kepercayaan untuk mendapatkan hak-haknya yang sudah dijamin oleh Pasal 29 ayat (2) UUD NRI 1945 yang menegaskan hak kebebasan beragama dan berkepercayaan. Permasalahan yang diangkat adalah politik hukum apa yang melandasi peraturan perundang-undangan yang menghalangi penghayat kepercayaan untuk memperoleh hak-hak yang sama sebagaimana warga negara Indonesia lainnya. Hasil penelusuran menemukan bahwa politik hukum yang melandasi peraturan perundang-undangan yang mendiskreditkan dan mendiskriminasi penghayat kepercayaan adalah politik hukum paradigma agama dunia yang memberikan peran agama mayoritas untuk mengintervensi kebijakan pemerintah untuk meminggirkan agama minoritas atau kepercayaan. Kata kunci: Politik Hukum, Penghayat Kepercayaan.

This article discusses the dynamics of intolerance from aspects of mind, language, action and solution through strengthening the education of tolerant character in learning Indonesian. Intolerance in practice can be harsh words, hate speech, harassment, until the action of radicalism. Strengthening character education is a mandate that must be implemented in Islamic elementary education. There are seventeen required implemented characters. Start religious character, honest, tolerant, disciplined, hard working, creative independent, democratic, curiosity, spirit of nationality, love of the homeland, appreciate achievement, communicative, love peace, love reading, caring environment, social care, and responsible. Tolerance became one of the urgent characters strengthened in this era of the fourth industrial revolution. The language of the children represents its character. The more polite, refined, and tolerant of their language, the stronger the character is polite, refined, and tolerant to them, and vice versa. Indonesian language learning with whole language approach can strengthen the tolerant character because it is done intact, integral, not partial from aspects of listening, reading, writing and speaking. The language understanding in this approach is not just textual, but contextual and even intertextual. Indonesian language learning through whole language approach aims to strengthen the character of tolerant, polite, social care and boils down to the attitude of religious tolerance. There are two indicators of religious tolerance, to people of fellow religion, and tolerance to people of different religions.

Ikatan Perkawinan mempunyai arti penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Seiring dengan perkembangannya karena sah dan tidaknya suatu perkawinan sesuai dengan agamanya maka kawin siri sangat marak dan menjadi ngetrend. Ini adalah penelitian normatif - lapangan. Menurut UU. No. 1/1974, Perkawinan adalah sah apabila dilakukan menurut hukum masing-masing agamanya dan kepercayaannya itu. Faktor utama dilakukan nikah siri karena ketidafahaman & pola pikir masyarakat di Kabupaten Pamekasan terhadap pentingnya perkawinan yang dicatatkan, fungsi serta akibat hukum yang timbul di masa mendatang. Pemkab Pamekasan bersama perangkat Kantor Urusan Agama menyelenggarakan program nikah massal secara ekonomis sebagai solusi menekan angka nikah siri. (Marriage ties have an important meaning in human life. Along with its development because it is legal and whether a marriage is in accordance with its religion, siri marriage is very lively and becomes popular. This is normative - field research. According to the law. No. 1/1974, Marriage is legal if it is done according to the law of each of its religions and beliefs. The main factor is the marriage of siri because of the misunderstanding & mindset of the people in Pamekasan Regency regarding the importance of registered marriages, functions and legal consequences that arise in the future. Pamekasan Regency Government together with the Office of Religious Affairs organizes a mass marriage program economically as a solution to reduce the number of siri marriage

Content analysis to explore the possible presence of stigmatizing tendencies and attributions in print media in Monterrey, Mexico, in the news of a high school student who carried out a shooting in the classroom with the balance of four wounded, disclosing that he suffered from depression. The coverage of the newspapers El Norte and Milenio was analyzed between January 18 (one day after the events) and February 18, 2017, compiling 277 information units, which were categorized by independent judges according to whether they dealt with the perpetrator, victims, politics, religion, community, health, media and finances. The results coincide with other studies that report an improvement in the coverage of mental illness in recent years. ; Análisis de contenido para explorar la posible presencia de tendencias estigmatizadoras y atribuciones en medios impresos de Monterrey, México, en la noticia de un estudiante de secundaria que realizó una balacera en el aula con saldo de cuatro heridos, divulgándose que padecía depresión. Se analizó la cobertura de los diarios El Norte y Milenio, entre el 18 de enero (un día después de los hechos) y el 18 febrero de 2017, recopilando 277 unidades informativas, las cuales fueron categorizadas por jueces independientes según se trataran sobre el perpetrador, las víctimas, políticas, religión, comunidad, salud, medios y finanzas. Los resultados coinciden con otras investigaciones que reportan una mejoría en la cobertura de la enfermedad mental en los últimos años.

Legal Aspects of Marriage Registration According to Law of Indonesia in Tumpatan Village Nibung Kecamatan Batang Kuis Deli Serdang DistrictAbstractThe background of this writing is that there are still records of marriages that have not been registered so that the purpose of this writing. A marriage is legal if carried out according to the laws of religion and their respective beliefs. In addition, every marriage must be registered in accordance with the applicable legislation. For those who are Muslim, recording at the Marriage Registrar, Divorce and Referral. Whereas for various non-Muslims, marriage records are conducted at the Civil Registry Office. However, it is still unregistered. The reason is because the cost of a marriage registration is expensive, the procedure is complicated, and people do not know the benefits of a marriage record. The legal consequences are registered, affecting the position of husband and wife, children's status and property position. Marriage carried out by religion and their respective beliefs is legal, even though they are not registered in the office of the civil register, strictly regulated in Article 2 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage. If the marriage is not recorded, there is no validity of the marriage. This also means that the marriage never existed. In conclusion, according to Article 2 Paragraphs 1 and 2 that marriages are not listed on the Marriage Registrar, then the marriage is considered non-existent.

This study is motivated by the rampant cases and the spread of intolerant and radical understanding. The cases of intolerance and radicalization even occur to students who should possess a tolerant religious understanding and not get caught up in the indoctrination of religious violence. This study aims to analyze the correlation between PAI learning outcomes and religious tolerance. It applies a causal design and quantitative approach with survey method. The population of UPI Bumi Siliwangi is 24.340 students. The data is collected by utilizing probality sampling technique (cluster sampling). There are 344 respondents and questionnaires are served as the research instrument. Then, the data is analyzed by using descriptive and inferential analysis with the assistance of SPSS. The results of this study indicate that the learning outcomes of UPI students mostly get A is at the level of 45,9%. Religious tolerance of UPI students is generally at the most tolerant level of 61,63%. Tolerance to other religions is highest at the tolerant level of 60,17. Tolerance to the same religion but with different understanding, in this case is minority mazhab, is mostly tend to be intolerant level of 47,67%. Tolerance to the state and government, is mostly at the tolerant level of 38,66%. This study finds that there is no significant correlation between PAI learning outcomes and religious tolerance among the UPI students.

ABSTRACT: In the personal sphere, the Indian women are facing various issues related to marriage, divorce, inheritance, guardianship, adoption and succession as they are the subjects of personal law, which varies from religion to religion and is attached to an individual at birth and applied to the person wherever she goes. After independence in the 1970s the government first time felt the need to review the ongoing women specific laws and their impact on the status of the women in India. This paper attempts to review the efforts made by the government in this direction. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section covers the legal obstructions for women justice. Second section dealt with the significant recommendations made by the two 'High Level committee on the Status of Women in India' (1974 and 2015) to improve the status of women in India. In the last section analysis were made on the basis of the statistical data of the women's trials and to review the status of the justice delivered to women's in the Indian Courts. The gap between the passing of laws and its implementation by the State needs to be examined, as mere passing of laws cannot transform the lives of women in society. The optimal use of laws can only be judged by the reportage of crimes under various acts and the punishments given to convicts under them. KEYWORDS: Women, Indian Law, Justice, and Status of Women

Durante los últimos años del siglo XX y lo que ha transcurrido del siglo XXI, los estudios mesoamericanistas muestran gran interés en analizar las estructuras de poder en Mesoamérica así como sus cambios durante el Preclásico, Clásico y Posclásico, haciendo énfasis en el carácter militarista que los Estados poseían desde el periodo Clásico, los medios por los cuales, los pueblos indígenas legitimaban su poder y sus conquistas, el papel fundamental que fungía la religión, la deificación de los gobernantes y la Serpiente Emplumada. Partiendo del análisis de documentos y testimonios arqueológicos, el presente texto postula la importancia que tenía el linaje tolteca para los indígenas del centro de Mesoamérica para la creación de un Estado militarista y expansionista durante el Posclásico. ; During the last years of the 20th century and during the 21st century, mesoamerican studies show great interest in analyzing the power structures in Mesoamerica as well as their changes during the Preclassic, Classic and Postclassic periods, emphasizing the militarist character that the States had, since Classic period, the means by which indigenous peoples legitimized their power and conquests, the fundamental role played by religion, the deification of rulers and the Feathered Serpent. Starting from the analysis of documents and archaeological testimonies, the present text postulates the importance that the Toltec lineage had for the natives from Center of Mesoamerica for the creation of a militaristic and expansionist state during the Postclassic.

This research is aimed at investigating and describe the cultural values of English Textbook 'Bahasa Inggris' published by Kemendikbud by analyzing texts and visual images material based on seven elements of culture proposed by Brown (2001). To analyze the data, the researcher used descriptive qualitative analysis. The data of the research were collected from texts and visual images in the English textbook for senior high school entitled 'Bahasa Inggris'.To reveal what cultural values are represented in the textbook, the cultural elements are categorized into Social Organization, Custom and Tradition, Language, Religion, Art and Literature, Form of Government, and Economic System. The result obtained was the content of Indonesian culture that accommodating Indonesian students. Furthermore the most frequent element appear in eleven texts and eight visual images being analyzed is Custom and Tradition which found nine times, continued by Art and Literature found seven times, Economic System found six times, Language found three times, as well as Social Organization and Form of Government. The least frequent element appears is Religion; twice. Finding that only thirty three times of the placement of culture elements appeared in the two books, realizing that improvement of cultural content in English textbooks for Senior High School is needed. On the basis of this findings the students, teachers, and author of the book are recommended to pay more attention on adding cultural content in order to have communicative competence of culture.

The paradox of politics and nationalism in modern Buddhist polities is particularly acute in Sri Lanka, a historically multicultural and multi-faith island where four great world religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Christianity, a range of indigenous spirit beliefs, pilgrimages and astrology, have coexisted for centuries. This paper explained how such plural worship, particularly Hindu worship at Sri Pada temple, began to fade away with the advent of hegemonic Sinhala Buddhist Nationalism in (post) colonial Sri Lanka while to some extent accommodating a group of Up-country Tamil Hindus who accept the dominance of Sinhala Buddhist polity. Historically speaking, Sri Pada would have been the model for the post- colonial state formation where all ethnic communities could have been accommodated and respected as full citizens of Sri Lanka. Like modern Sri Pada, the state that has been created in post-colonial Sri Lanka became a model of Sinhala Buddhist dominance in which minority groups have not been accommodated to express their concerns without subscribing to the Buddhist dominance. The state should be able to function without immediately putting into question the political loyalty of a group whose religious allegiance is different from the ruler's. The use of shrines as symbols of dominance is not limited to Buddhism in Sri Lanka and, as Hayden explains, it is quite evident in Non-Buddhist religions in South Asia and the Balkans and even beyond such regions.

Die Abhandlung untersucht die Religionspolitik des preußischen Königs Friedrichs II. am Beispiel der Sozinianer. Sie zeigt im ersten Abschnitt Friedrichs Verständnis von Religion und religiösen Denominationen anhand seiner Schriften. Anschließend folgte die Darstellung des Umgangs Friedrichs mit Juden, Katholiken und Mennoniten. Der Hauptteil der Untersuchung liegt auf den Privilegierungen und Zwangsmaßnahmen gegenüber den Sozinianern im Zuge eines Antrages zum Bau eines Bethauses. ; The article analyzes the religious policy of the Prussian king Frederick II on the example of the Polish Brethren. In the first part, the author, on the basis of Frederick's writings, discusses the king's way of understanding religion and denomination issues. The next problem addressed in the article is how King Frederick II of Prussia dealt with the Jews, Catholics and Mennonites. The main part of the article constitutes the description of privileges and coercive measures used in relation to the Polish Brethren on the example of the king's reaction to their motion to obtain permission for the construction of a house of prayer. ; Traktowanie mniejszości religijnych przez króla Fryderyka II Pruskiego (1712-1786) na przykładzie braci polskichW artykule przeanalizowano politykę religijną króla pruskiego Fryderyka II na przykładzie braci polskich. W pierwszej części wskazano na podstawie pism Fryderyka na jego sposób rozumienia religii i wyznań. Następnie zostało opisane postępowanie Fryderyka wobec żydów, katolików i menonitów. Główną część artykułu stanowi omówienie przywilejów oraz środków przymusu w stosunku do braci polskich na przykładzie postępowania króla wobec wniosku o pozwolenie na budowę domu modlitwy.

Il culto del Sacro Cuore di Gesù, argomento già affrontato in studi importanti (Mario Rosa, Daniele Menozzi, Fulvio De Giorgi), è indubbiamente uno dei presupposti per comprendere la formazione della mentalità di una parte consistente della popolazione europea nel XVIII secolo. Nucleo essenziale di questo lavoro un'analisi attenta e di ampio respiro, sul confronto sempre più acceso, di entrambi i poli entro i quali si giocò il rapporto tra politica e religione nel XVIII secolo: ovvero tra una "religione del Cuore", come fenomeno di reazione ai processi di secolarizzazione della società europea settecentesca, e una "politica della Ragione", istanza della cultura moderna dei Lumi che allo stesso tempo sollecitava, anche dall'interno della Chiesa stessa, una riforma dottrinale e disciplinare. Uno scontro fra due modi di vivere il proprio tempo che necessariamente modella anche la vita civile dei paesi attraversati dal conflitto e dalle diverse modulazioni che lo scontro imprime all'ordine del discorso politico degli Stati. La devozione al Sacro Cuore di Gesù, oltre a rapresentare un episodio della più ampia lotta ingaggiata dalla Chiesa e dalla stesso ordine fondato da Ignazio di Loyola contro la modernità, risulta anche di particolare interesse per analizzare il cambio di paradigma impresso dallo scoppio della Rivoluzione francese e come e quanto la propaganda religiosa si orientasse a restaurare un mondo chiuso con gli stessi elementi discorsivi usati dagli avversari.

Law No. 23 of 2004 on Elimination of Domestic Violence (PKDRT) is one form of government effort to eliminate violence in the family that most of the victims are women. Religious figures state that coercion of sexual intercourse with wife is not allowed in Islam although it is basically obligatory for the wife to serve the husband's request, but if it is not aroused to serve him, he may offer or suspend it. The factors causing the coercion of husband's sexual intercourse with wife are still the dominant patriarchal value in our society (values that prioritize the interests of men). Values that side with men which then form unwritten rules "wife is the property of the husband". A false understanding of the interpretation of the teachings of religions. Frequently the teachings of religions are misinterpreted which affects the differentiation of women's position with men or present discriminatory treatment of women. Then there is the internet media that provides pornographic content that is easily accessible. Perspectives of religious leaders in Langsa City against coercion of sexual intercourse husband to wife is in doing husband relationship of wife need to understanding and know what duty and responsibility respectively, a good husband will not force relationship husband and wife if wife in sick condition, tired or in the coming months. And a wife is not allowed to refuse a husband's invitation if the things mentioned above do not happen to her.

In the globalization era, people are increasingly competitive and increasing their ability to become productive human beings. Human development is the main thing in doing change and progress in life. In the discussion Human development in the era of globalization which is a world program through the unity of nations is inseparable from the study of Islam. So that Islam as a religion can enter to become a very important discussion in development issues of course. National development becomes the main task of the government from the regional level to the province, thus providing human resources as a form of mover and its managers. Policies on human resource development always experience dynamics and perkembangnnya in terms of sociology, anthropology and culture. Islam as the majority religion in Indonesia becomes a determinant and has a major influence on development issues nationally. Islam and human development in the era of globalization becomes the most important thing to build Indonesia into a culture, character and progress. Thus the development process becomes the main part to reconstruct the infrastructure, human, network and every aspect. Construction in religious thought that is the study of Islamic thought in the development process becomes the goal for tercipatanya development in the era of globalization. It is also a form of advancing the society and mindset of a digitally literate man and aware of science, technology, development and life in the era of globalization in the form of international relations.Keywords: Construction Of Islamic, Human Development

It is important to know and understand that religious pluralism and the implementation of multicultural education is one of the ikhtiyar for the realization of civil society in Indonesia. In this article the discussion will focus on the understanding of religious pluralism and the implementation of multicultural education in realizing the concept of civil society coveted by every nation. The methods undertaken in this discussion are library research on books and articles related to Pluralism, multicultural education, and civil society concepts from experts. The result of religious pluralism in Indonesia is a Sunnatullah that must be addressed with adult, especially for Muslims as the majority. Since Islam itself Acknowledges the existence of other religions, giving it the right to co-exist with respect for other religions, to avoid violence and to keep religious places of worship, not to impose the will of other faiths and Islam also recognizes the many ways that human beings can take and the government is competing in virtue. One way of instilling an understanding of religious pluralism is through multicultural education, but its implementation in Indonesia is still a new discourse that needs to be responded quickly to keep the multicultural nation rich in multicultural because multicultural education is a form of awareness about diversity. understanding of religious and cultural diversity requires new construction of justice, equality and a democratic society towards the realization of civil society in Indonesia.