Riots, Pogroms, Jihad: Religious Violence in Indonesia
In: Comparative political studies: CPS, Band 40, Heft 10, S. 1263-1266
ISSN: 0010-4140
In: Comparative political studies: CPS, Band 40, Heft 10, S. 1263-1266
ISSN: 0010-4140
Twitter analysis through data mining, text analysis, and visualization, coupled with the application of actor-network-theory, reveals a coalition of heterogenous religious affiliations around grief and fascination. While religious violence has always existed, the prevalence of social media has led to an increase in the magnitude of discussions around the topic. This paper examines the different reactions on Twitter to violence targeting three religious communities: the 2015 Charleston Church shooting, the 2018 Pittsburgh Synagogue shooting, and the 2019 Christchurch Mosque shootings. The attacks were all perpetrated by white nationalists with firearms. By analyzing large Twitter datasets in response to the attacks, we were able to render visible associations among actors across religions communities, national identities, and political persuasions. What this project revealed is that if we apply actor-network-theory and data visualization to look at networks created by human/non-human (text, computer, phone, meme, tweet, retweet, hashtag) actors, we can see that knowledge, empathy, and fascination drive communication around mass violence against religious communities.
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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Questions/Problems: Contemporary Perspectives -- 'Strategic Appraisal' of Religion in International Armed Conflicts -- 'Resurgence' of Religion on the International Arena -- Religion as a 'Threat to International Peace and Security' -- Tripartite Perspective of Analysis -- 3 Correlates: Illustrative of Contemporary Perspectives -- Types of Religious Violence -- Examples of Religious Violence -- The First Terrorists: The Assassins -- Political Religion: Holy War in the Sudan -- 'Religious Politics': Sri Lanka's Civil War -- Pre-existing Religious Narratives: The Sepoy Mutiny in British India -- Imposed Religious Narratives: The Conflict of the Karens in Myanmar -- Types of Peaceful Religion -- 4 Prerequisites: Philosophical Prerequisites for Contemporary Perspectives -- Definitional Prerequisites -- Definition, Conceptualisation and Use of the Term 'Religion' -- Definition and Use of Other Words and Concepts -- Distinction between 'Explaining' and 'Understanding' -- Assumptions, Presuppositions and Bias -- Ontological Considerations -- 5 Causation: Historical Causation of Contemporary Perspectives -- Rationality: Rational Actor Model vs. Religious Rationality -- Legacy of Westphalia -- 6 Origins: Religious Origins of Contemporary Perspectives -- The Logic of Religious Violence -- The Concept of Religious Truth -- Cosmic Dualism -- The Concept of Evil -- The Concept of Fear -- The Concept of Anthropomorphism, Vices and Virtues -- The Concept of Survival -- 7 Conclusions: A Framework for Conflict Transformation -- Bibliography -- Index
Twitter analysis through data mining, text analysis, and visualization, coupled with the application of actor-network-theory, reveals a coalition of heterogenous religious affiliations around grief and fascination. While religious violence has always existed, the prevalence of social media has led to an increase in the magnitude of discussions around the topic. This paper examines the different reactions on Twitter to violence targeting three religious communities: the 2015 Charleston Church shooting, the 2018 Pittsburgh Synagogue shooting, and the 2019 Christchurch Mosque shootings. The attacks were all perpetrated by white nationalists with firearms. By analyzing large Twitter datasets in response to the attacks, we were able to render visible associations among actors across religions communities, national identities, and political persuasions. What this project revealed is that if we apply actor-network-theory and data visualization to look at networks created by human/non-human (text, computer, phone, meme, tweet, retweet, hashtag) actors, we can see that knowledge, empathy, and fascination drive communication around mass violence against religious communities.
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In: Politics and religion: official journal of the APSA Organized Section on Religion and Politics, Band 7, Heft 4, S. 684-705
ISSN: 1755-0491
AbstractStudies of religious violence have established that when states restrict religious freedom, the probability of religious violence increases. Conventional wisdom holds that religious violence is primarily a result of religious grievances. When religious groups are denied religious freedom, they seek to revise the status quo in their favor though the use of violence. This study challenges this narrative. It finds, rather than being caused only by grievances, religious violence is also fueled by moments of opportunity. Utilizing cross-national data for the years 2008 and 2001–2005, it is found that religious violence occurs most frequently in anocratic regimes marked by weak and decaying state institutions. Hence, the current narrative is incomplete. Studies analyzing religious violence need to consider how various regimes provide or stifle the opportunity for religious actors to engage in violence as well as how those regimes fuel religious violence through restricting religious freedom and increasing religious grievances.
Front cover -- Half title -- Title page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Religious Violence and the Peace Mandate of Jesus -- 2. Christians Orthodox and Heterodox: Thomas Aquinas and the "Manichees" -- 3. Christians among Other God-Fearers: Ramon Lull's Dialogue of a Christian, Jew, and Muslim -- 4. Christians and Other Religions: Nicholas of Cusa's Vision of Global Religious Peace -- 5. Wars of Christians against Christians: Herbert of Cherbury's Theological Antidote to Religious Warfare -- 6. Disestablishing Religion and the Waning of Christian Violence: The Political Theology of Thomas Jefferson -- Epilogue: Reclaiming the Peace Mandate of Jesus for the Twenty-first Century -- Bibliography -- Back cover.
In: Pacific affairs, Band 75, Heft 2, S. 298-300
ISSN: 0030-851X
'Religious Violence in Contemporary Japan: The Case of Aum Shinrikyo' by Ian Reader is reviewed.
In: Comparative studies in religion and society, 13
"Completely revised and updated, this new edition of Terror in the Mind of God incorporates the events of September 11, 2001 into Mark Juergensmeyer's landmark study of religious terrorism. Juergensmeyer explores the 1993 World Trade Center explosion, Hamas suicide bombings, the Tokyo subway nerve gas attack, and the killing of abortion clinic doctors in the United States. His personal interviews with 1993 World Trade Center bomber Mahmud Abouhalima, Christian Right activist Mike Bray, Hamas leaders Sheik Yassin and Abdul Azis Rantisi, and Sikh political leader Simranjit Singh Mann, among others, take us into the mindset of those who perpetrate and support violence in the name of religion."--Provided by publisher.
In: Journal of church and state: JCS, Band 46, Heft 1, S. 166
ISSN: 0021-969X
Smith reviews Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence by Mark Juergensmeyer.
Lately Indonesia is facing a lot of tremendous experience about religious violence. Indonesian Islam which is previously assumed as peaceful religion is suddenly changing to be frightening religion. The destruction in some places such as Bali Bombing, JW Marriot Bombing, and Sampang riot in some places Islam is the trigger of religious violence. This paper discusses the repetition of religious violence in Indonesia especially after New Order era. The writer argues that religious violence in Indonesia is as natural disaster, historical process in human evolution and as close experience that presenting and relating to human history. It may be caused by political condition and the response to economic injustice. In doing so, it is kind of social acceleration toward the process of change and also being a factor of the emergence of new agenda. This is because every disaster, including religious violence, requires an adjustment and a new formulation of the functions that have been damaged.
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In: Comparative studies in religion and society 13
While America is focused on religious militancy and terrorism in the Middle East, democracy has been under siege from religious extremism in another critical part of the world. As Martha Nussbaum reveals in this penetrating look at India today, the forces of the Hindu right pose a disturbing threat to its democratic traditions and secular state. Since long before the 2002 Gujarat riots--in which nearly two thousand Muslims were killed by Hindu extremists--the power of the Hindu right has been growing, threatening India's hard-won constitutional practices of democracy, tolerance, and religious pluralism. Led politically by the Bharatiya Janata Party, the Hindu right has sought the subordination of other religious groups and has directed particular vitriol against Muslims, who are cast as devils in need of purging. The Hindu right seeks to return to a "pure" India, unsullied by alien polluters of other faiths, yet the BJP's defeat in recent elections demonstrates the power that India's pluralism continues to wield. The future, however, is far from secure, and Hindu extremism and exclusivity remain a troubling obstacle to harmony in South Asia. Nussbaum's long-standing professional relationship with India makes her an excellent guide to its recent history. Ultimately she argues that the greatest threat comes not from a clash between civilizations, as some believe, but from a clash within each of us, as we oscillate between self-protective aggression and the ability to live in the world with others. India's story is a cautionary political tale for all democratic states striving to act responsibly in an increasingly dangerous world
Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Map of India -- Introduction -- 1. Genocide in Gujarat -- 2. The Human Face of the Hindu Right -- 3. Tagore, Gandhi, Nehru -- 4. A Democracy of Pluralism, Respect, Equality -- 5. The Rise of the Hindu Right -- 6. Fantasies of Purity and Domination -- 7. The Assault on History -- 8. The Education Wars -- 9. The Diaspora Community -- 10. The Clash Within -- Chronology -- Glossary -- Notes -- Index.
In: Terrorism and political violence, Band 13, Heft 2, S. 192-193
ISSN: 0954-6553