This work analyses the constitutional concept of the Seimas as representation of the Nation. Under the Constitution, only Members of the Seimas are representatives of the Nation and only the Seimas is the representation of the Nation. One of the most important features according to which a state institution is to be ascribed to the representation of the Nation is that it is a collegiate state institution, which is comprised from representatives of the Nation and which adopts decisions only after debates, only by majority of votes and by taking account of various opinions. Uncovering nation's concept of sovereignty as the only holder, continues Nation which by delegating part of its sovereignty is legitimizing the power of parliament to act on behalf of the Nation. Examined is the outcomes of parliamentary in Lithuania, disclosing the fact that might of started forming as late as times of Great Lithuanian Kingdom. Also discussed is in-between war period the Seimas as well as Highest Council of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, why it can't be treated as true Lithuanian parliament. Considering Constitutional Court jurisprudence, analyzed is relationship between the Seimas and executive as well as judiciary powers. Disclosed is the status of member of the Seimas as representative of the Nation, the content of his mandate, legal ground of the capacity of its authority, parliament member right and responsibilities as well as the action assurance. Also analyzed is a constitutional regulation, which enables the Seimas to set up the structure and order of its work.
This work analyses the constitutional concept of the Seimas as representation of the Nation. Under the Constitution, only Members of the Seimas are representatives of the Nation and only the Seimas is the representation of the Nation. One of the most important features according to which a state institution is to be ascribed to the representation of the Nation is that it is a collegiate state institution, which is comprised from representatives of the Nation and which adopts decisions only after debates, only by majority of votes and by taking account of various opinions. Uncovering nation's concept of sovereignty as the only holder, continues Nation which by delegating part of its sovereignty is legitimizing the power of parliament to act on behalf of the Nation. Examined is the outcomes of parliamentary in Lithuania, disclosing the fact that might of started forming as late as times of Great Lithuanian Kingdom. Also discussed is in-between war period the Seimas as well as Highest Council of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, why it can't be treated as true Lithuanian parliament. Considering Constitutional Court jurisprudence, analyzed is relationship between the Seimas and executive as well as judiciary powers. Disclosed is the status of member of the Seimas as representative of the Nation, the content of his mandate, legal ground of the capacity of its authority, parliament member right and responsibilities as well as the action assurance. Also analyzed is a constitutional regulation, which enables the Seimas to set up the structure and order of its work.
Master's paper "Factors qualifying commercial representation" defines the concept of agency and addressed to an agency qualifying features based on the creation of forms of agency relationships, the parties rights and responsibilities. It is also considered a commercial representation in the form provided in the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The first part describes the general characteristics of the agency in discussing the definitions of "commercial" and "agency" values. Next analyzed the agency establishment methods and their properties. Discusses agency the relationship between the parties' rights and obligations of features, depending on the establishment method of an agency. Are compared and their advantages and disadvantages. Indication of the general rights and responsibilities of the agency relationships, take in to account effect of the non-validy of the transaction, as well as relief in terms of damage. The last part describes the forms of agency named in Civil Code of Republic of Lithuania, commercial agents and proxy. Commercial agents regulated at Council Directive 86/653/EEC of 18 December 1986 on the coordination of the laws of the Member States relating to self employed commercial agents, so the paper considers not only the Civil Code regulation, but also the EU directive and ECJ case law. Commercial agent is separated from distribution, franchising and trustee. Proxy on the basis of the activities described in the CC and the Lithuanian Supreme Court.
Master's paper "Factors qualifying commercial representation" defines the concept of agency and addressed to an agency qualifying features based on the creation of forms of agency relationships, the parties rights and responsibilities. It is also considered a commercial representation in the form provided in the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The first part describes the general characteristics of the agency in discussing the definitions of "commercial" and "agency" values. Next analyzed the agency establishment methods and their properties. Discusses agency the relationship between the parties' rights and obligations of features, depending on the establishment method of an agency. Are compared and their advantages and disadvantages. Indication of the general rights and responsibilities of the agency relationships, take in to account effect of the non-validy of the transaction, as well as relief in terms of damage. The last part describes the forms of agency named in Civil Code of Republic of Lithuania, commercial agents and proxy. Commercial agents regulated at Council Directive 86/653/EEC of 18 December 1986 on the coordination of the laws of the Member States relating to self employed commercial agents, so the paper considers not only the Civil Code regulation, but also the EU directive and ECJ case law. Commercial agent is separated from distribution, franchising and trustee. Proxy on the basis of the activities described in the CC and the Lithuanian Supreme Court.
The master's thesis analyses the representation of Lithuanian national museums on line: theoretical and legal aspects, techniques, individual elements of the process, technology, steps and efficiency to confirm or refute the hypothesis. The purpose of this thesis is to gather data on the representation of Lithuanian national museums in major Lithuanian, European and world heritage information sources web sites, information data systems and online social networks, to carry out the analysis and confirm or refute the hypothesis in the conclusions. Lithuanian national museums conceptually solve the new task given to heritage protection institutions – to ensure effective national heritage information, communication using advanced information technologies. The object of the thesis is the representation of Lithuanian national museums on the internet. The relevance of the topic's. The study analyses problems of museology, heritage, information and communication, focusing more attention to the issues of information a communication management, marketing, image, advertising and social mission. Modern technology creates new opportunities for Access to information. The first part of the thesis analyses the theoretical aspects of the representation of institution and gives the answer what is the representation of national museums, what is the purpose of this process, its mission, character and organization. This part examines the ways of representation in electronic space, regulations and legal/normative documents and strategies. The second part introduces the analysis of Lithuanian national museums web sites, the most famous Lithuanian, European and world heritage websites and information data bases applying methods of webometric research and comparative analysis. The third part presents graphical results and conclusions of the research in order to provide specific assessments and recommendations. The self-collected, processed and analyzed new empirical data are used in this thesis applying methods of webometric research and comparative analysis. The research shows that the representation process is one of the major aspects of successful activity of modern institution. In changing conditions the conceptual, informative representation in the virtual space has become the most effective mean of representing in knowledge-based society. UNESCO, European, Lithuanian legal documents of heritage protection provide the guidelines of heritage representation. In Lithuania the representation of museums is governed by secondary legislation acts and recommendations prepared by museum professionals and professional organizations. The representation of National museums heritage in information data systems, scheduled in the strategic activity documents of the museums is in the initial stage of the development. Website of the National museum is the main and most important mean of representation of its activity and values. Lithuanian national museums have created an original websites which conform the technological standards and conceptually and informatively reflect the activity of the museum. The hypothesis that is raised in the research thesis is partially confirmed: Lithuanian national museums conceptually and informatively represent the activity of the museums in the websites; The activity and the heritage of the national museums is presented in detail in Lithuanian culture, heritage and tourism websites; Launched the representation of national museums heritage objects in Lithuanian information systems; Fragmentary representation of the activity of Lithuanian national museums in European and world websites. The research results may be useful for heritage and communication professionals creating new methods of the representation of national cultural and historic heritage values online. The national museums research method can be applied in the future to find new methods of the representation online of the heritage of national significance.
The master's thesis analyses the representation of Lithuanian national museums on line: theoretical and legal aspects, techniques, individual elements of the process, technology, steps and efficiency to confirm or refute the hypothesis. The purpose of this thesis is to gather data on the representation of Lithuanian national museums in major Lithuanian, European and world heritage information sources web sites, information data systems and online social networks, to carry out the analysis and confirm or refute the hypothesis in the conclusions. Lithuanian national museums conceptually solve the new task given to heritage protection institutions – to ensure effective national heritage information, communication using advanced information technologies. The object of the thesis is the representation of Lithuanian national museums on the internet. The relevance of the topic's. The study analyses problems of museology, heritage, information and communication, focusing more attention to the issues of information a communication management, marketing, image, advertising and social mission. Modern technology creates new opportunities for Access to information. The first part of the thesis analyses the theoretical aspects of the representation of institution and gives the answer what is the representation of national museums, what is the purpose of this process, its mission, character and organization. This part examines the ways of representation in electronic space, regulations and legal/normative documents and strategies. The second part introduces the analysis of Lithuanian national museums web sites, the most famous Lithuanian, European and world heritage websites and information data bases applying methods of webometric research and comparative analysis. The third part presents graphical results and conclusions of the research in order to provide specific assessments and recommendations. The self-collected, processed and analyzed new empirical data are used in this thesis applying methods of webometric research and comparative analysis. The research shows that the representation process is one of the major aspects of successful activity of modern institution. In changing conditions the conceptual, informative representation in the virtual space has become the most effective mean of representing in knowledge-based society. UNESCO, European, Lithuanian legal documents of heritage protection provide the guidelines of heritage representation. In Lithuania the representation of museums is governed by secondary legislation acts and recommendations prepared by museum professionals and professional organizations. The representation of National museums heritage in information data systems, scheduled in the strategic activity documents of the museums is in the initial stage of the development. Website of the National museum is the main and most important mean of representation of its activity and values. Lithuanian national museums have created an original websites which conform the technological standards and conceptually and informatively reflect the activity of the museum. The hypothesis that is raised in the research thesis is partially confirmed: Lithuanian national museums conceptually and informatively represent the activity of the museums in the websites; The activity and the heritage of the national museums is presented in detail in Lithuanian culture, heritage and tourism websites; Launched the representation of national museums heritage objects in Lithuanian information systems; Fragmentary representation of the activity of Lithuanian national museums in European and world websites. The research results may be useful for heritage and communication professionals creating new methods of the representation of national cultural and historic heritage values online. The national museums research method can be applied in the future to find new methods of the representation online of the heritage of national significance.
The main purpose of this thesis is to examine condition of the Sámi historical memory in Sweden. This is done by analysing and comparing Sámi history representations in two museums: Nordiska museum, which reflects Swedish perspective and Ájtte museum, which reflects Sámi perspective. Sweden receives a lot of criticism from international organs (such as United Nations and Council of Europe) regarding restrictions of Sámi rights and influence. Sámi communities are concerned about failed inclusion of Sámi history into the major narrative. Nowadays stories about Sámi people history are heard more often but despite that criticism does not disappear. By examining narratives of the chosen museums I will try to understand why it is so. In this research I apply qualitative method and perform comparative analysis of two exhibitions, I also conduct interviews with museums' representatives and visitors. Theoretical base that I construct for this research consists of collective memory and cultural trauma theories. They provide a framework which allows to understand history representations, as well it predicts possible perpetrators' and survivors' narratives. In this case it appeared that they did not reflect actual narratives, which says that chosen representations have to be analysed in consideration of what mnemonic actor present them. It also shows that cultural trauma that develops out of longstanding history of the routine harm is not so different from trauma process which begin with some sort of shock. In the end they both produce similar narratives. Museums' narratives can be understood as attempts to cope with historical trauma. In Ájtte museum it is done by creating a new narrative for Sámi people, which do not include Sweden as a main actor and trauma as a main process. Nordiska museum choose a different approach – it reveals history of Sámi oppression and reflects how the museum was part of it. It seems that these narratives should lead to conciliation, but actually they do not make a difference. Why Sámi people are still disappointed about how they history is treated? There are two reasons: first of all, it is because of representations itself. Even though Nordiska talks about the oppression, in most cases representations are shallow, they lack deeper analysis and personal stories, and furthermore, Sámi are seen in relation with the state and Swedish society, which do not reflect them as active actors in their own history. Second of all, this new narrative of the perpetrators do not affect official state position and politics in any way.
The main purpose of this thesis is to examine condition of the Sámi historical memory in Sweden. This is done by analysing and comparing Sámi history representations in two museums: Nordiska museum, which reflects Swedish perspective and Ájtte museum, which reflects Sámi perspective. Sweden receives a lot of criticism from international organs (such as United Nations and Council of Europe) regarding restrictions of Sámi rights and influence. Sámi communities are concerned about failed inclusion of Sámi history into the major narrative. Nowadays stories about Sámi people history are heard more often but despite that criticism does not disappear. By examining narratives of the chosen museums I will try to understand why it is so. In this research I apply qualitative method and perform comparative analysis of two exhibitions, I also conduct interviews with museums' representatives and visitors. Theoretical base that I construct for this research consists of collective memory and cultural trauma theories. They provide a framework which allows to understand history representations, as well it predicts possible perpetrators' and survivors' narratives. In this case it appeared that they did not reflect actual narratives, which says that chosen representations have to be analysed in consideration of what mnemonic actor present them. It also shows that cultural trauma that develops out of longstanding history of the routine harm is not so different from trauma process which begin with some sort of shock. In the end they both produce similar narratives. Museums' narratives can be understood as attempts to cope with historical trauma. In Ájtte museum it is done by creating a new narrative for Sámi people, which do not include Sweden as a main actor and trauma as a main process. Nordiska museum choose a different approach – it reveals history of Sámi oppression and reflects how the museum was part of it. It seems that these narratives should lead to conciliation, but actually they do not make a difference. Why Sámi people are still disappointed about how they history is treated? There are two reasons: first of all, it is because of representations itself. Even though Nordiska talks about the oppression, in most cases representations are shallow, they lack deeper analysis and personal stories, and furthermore, Sámi are seen in relation with the state and Swedish society, which do not reflect them as active actors in their own history. Second of all, this new narrative of the perpetrators do not affect official state position and politics in any way.
The main purpose of this thesis is to examine condition of the Sámi historical memory in Sweden. This is done by analysing and comparing Sámi history representations in two museums: Nordiska museum, which reflects Swedish perspective and Ájtte museum, which reflects Sámi perspective. Sweden receives a lot of criticism from international organs (such as United Nations and Council of Europe) regarding restrictions of Sámi rights and influence. Sámi communities are concerned about failed inclusion of Sámi history into the major narrative. Nowadays stories about Sámi people history are heard more often but despite that criticism does not disappear. By examining narratives of the chosen museums I will try to understand why it is so. In this research I apply qualitative method and perform comparative analysis of two exhibitions, I also conduct interviews with museums' representatives and visitors. Theoretical base that I construct for this research consists of collective memory and cultural trauma theories. They provide a framework which allows to understand history representations, as well it predicts possible perpetrators' and survivors' narratives. In this case it appeared that they did not reflect actual narratives, which says that chosen representations have to be analysed in consideration of what mnemonic actor present them. It also shows that cultural trauma that develops out of longstanding history of the routine harm is not so different from trauma process which begin with some sort of shock. In the end they both produce similar narratives. Museums' narratives can be understood as attempts to cope with historical trauma. In Ájtte museum it is done by creating a new narrative for Sámi people, which do not include Sweden as a main actor and trauma as a main process. Nordiska museum choose a different approach – it reveals history of Sámi oppression and reflects how the museum was part of it. It seems that these narratives should lead to conciliation, but actually they do not make a difference. Why Sámi people are still disappointed about how they history is treated? There are two reasons: first of all, it is because of representations itself. Even though Nordiska talks about the oppression, in most cases representations are shallow, they lack deeper analysis and personal stories, and furthermore, Sámi are seen in relation with the state and Swedish society, which do not reflect them as active actors in their own history. Second of all, this new narrative of the perpetrators do not affect official state position and politics in any way.
The main purpose of this thesis is to examine condition of the Sámi historical memory in Sweden. This is done by analysing and comparing Sámi history representations in two museums: Nordiska museum, which reflects Swedish perspective and Ájtte museum, which reflects Sámi perspective. Sweden receives a lot of criticism from international organs (such as United Nations and Council of Europe) regarding restrictions of Sámi rights and influence. Sámi communities are concerned about failed inclusion of Sámi history into the major narrative. Nowadays stories about Sámi people history are heard more often but despite that criticism does not disappear. By examining narratives of the chosen museums I will try to understand why it is so. In this research I apply qualitative method and perform comparative analysis of two exhibitions, I also conduct interviews with museums' representatives and visitors. Theoretical base that I construct for this research consists of collective memory and cultural trauma theories. They provide a framework which allows to understand history representations, as well it predicts possible perpetrators' and survivors' narratives. In this case it appeared that they did not reflect actual narratives, which says that chosen representations have to be analysed in consideration of what mnemonic actor present them. It also shows that cultural trauma that develops out of longstanding history of the routine harm is not so different from trauma process which begin with some sort of shock. In the end they both produce similar narratives. Museums' narratives can be understood as attempts to cope with historical trauma. In Ájtte museum it is done by creating a new narrative for Sámi people, which do not include Sweden as a main actor and trauma as a main process. Nordiska museum choose a different approach – it reveals history of Sámi oppression and reflects how the museum was part of it. It seems that these narratives should lead to conciliation, but actually they do not make a difference. Why Sámi people are still disappointed about how they history is treated? There are two reasons: first of all, it is because of representations itself. Even though Nordiska talks about the oppression, in most cases representations are shallow, they lack deeper analysis and personal stories, and furthermore, Sámi are seen in relation with the state and Swedish society, which do not reflect them as active actors in their own history. Second of all, this new narrative of the perpetrators do not affect official state position and politics in any way.
Media impart information on political, social, economic, cultural events of social life. In this way media form the human conception of everyday world. In Lithuania there is analyzed the presentation of migration in press and internet portals. However in Lithuania there are no researches made on presentation of emigration on television. In this Master's thesis it is aimed to reveal the dynamics of presenting emigration in broadcasts of Lithuanian television (2006-2010) and the peculiarities of creation of broadcasts on emigration. In the Master's thesis J. Baudrillard's simulation conception is being followed, which denies the idea of "real" world. The analysis of the Italian, Swedish, Indian, Japanese, German television experience revealed the national migration representation features. In the Master's thesis TV broadcasts are analyzed as visual texts. There are applied procedures of U. Flick, Norman K. Denzin, H. Herman, W.Jahn and B.Hildenbran. For the analysis of emigration from the point of view of family stress R.Hill's model ABC-X has been chosen. For the research of activity of broadcast authors there was applied the Map method (Irene Levin). The research of dynamics of emigration presentation in broadcasts of Lithuanian television revealed that until 2009 there was dominating a multidimensional representation of emigration phenomenon, since 2009 fragmented phenomenon analysis. The authors of broadcasts try to create the illusion of "reality" and apply the procedure for creating "reality": talk to witnesses, experts. Since 2009 beside neutral sayings the rhetoric expressing evaluative position appears in speeches of broadcast participants, experts and presenters, conveyed experiences related not only with stress, despair, big joy but with uncertainty situation as well, broadcast is finished not only using generalizing sayings of the broadcast presenters in the beginning and end of broadcast but also giving rhetorical questions, appeared rhetoric justifying the emigration. The analysis of presenting emigration in TV broadcasts from the point of view of family stress revealed that the families of emigrants and families with parents abroad experience stress. In order to overcome inner stress evoked by the stressor the families of emigrants use psychological and social resources, families with parents abroad use resources in Lithuania and abroad. In purposive broadcasts families with parents abroad experience traumatic, mobilizing, concealed, dipolar stress. In specialized broadcasts represented families with parents abroad experience traumatic and mobilizing stress. During research of the activity of the authors of broadcasts "Emigrants" and "How are you?" there have been distinguished five models of authors of broadcasts describing emigration: existential model (emigration as the choice of life values); instrumental-cyclic model (emigration as operacionalisation); emotional model (emigration as disappointment); critical model (review of the concept of emigration in the context of global migration); alerting model (emigration as the entirety of dangers). The peculiarity of broadcast creation is revealed by the motives of creation and the four activities of the authors: selection of team, participants and topic; coordination of representation of positive and negative experiences; coordination of verbal and non-verbal representation; pattern of TV broadcast and the possibility of corrective intrusion. It was found that in TV shows on emigration there was developed the concept of families with parents abroad. The authors of broadcasts pointed out that direct communication with families affected that families with parents abroad were listed as a separate group, characterized by family characteristics. The authors of broadcasts "Emigrants" and "How are you?" are ready to continue the programs and does not alter the structure of their programs, because they realized the concept of the phenomenon of emigration.
Media impart information on political, social, economic, cultural events of social life. In this way media form the human conception of everyday world. In Lithuania there is analyzed the presentation of migration in press and internet portals. However in Lithuania there are no researches made on presentation of emigration on television. In this Master's thesis it is aimed to reveal the dynamics of presenting emigration in broadcasts of Lithuanian television (2006-2010) and the peculiarities of creation of broadcasts on emigration. In the Master's thesis J. Baudrillard's simulation conception is being followed, which denies the idea of "real" world. The analysis of the Italian, Swedish, Indian, Japanese, German television experience revealed the national migration representation features. In the Master's thesis TV broadcasts are analyzed as visual texts. There are applied procedures of U. Flick, Norman K. Denzin, H. Herman, W.Jahn and B.Hildenbran. For the analysis of emigration from the point of view of family stress R.Hill's model ABC-X has been chosen. For the research of activity of broadcast authors there was applied the Map method (Irene Levin). The research of dynamics of emigration presentation in broadcasts of Lithuanian television revealed that until 2009 there was dominating a multidimensional representation of emigration phenomenon, since 2009 fragmented phenomenon analysis. The authors of broadcasts try to create the illusion of "reality" and apply the procedure for creating "reality": talk to witnesses, experts. Since 2009 beside neutral sayings the rhetoric expressing evaluative position appears in speeches of broadcast participants, experts and presenters, conveyed experiences related not only with stress, despair, big joy but with uncertainty situation as well, broadcast is finished not only using generalizing sayings of the broadcast presenters in the beginning and end of broadcast but also giving rhetorical questions, appeared rhetoric justifying the emigration. The analysis of presenting emigration in TV broadcasts from the point of view of family stress revealed that the families of emigrants and families with parents abroad experience stress. In order to overcome inner stress evoked by the stressor the families of emigrants use psychological and social resources, families with parents abroad use resources in Lithuania and abroad. In purposive broadcasts families with parents abroad experience traumatic, mobilizing, concealed, dipolar stress. In specialized broadcasts represented families with parents abroad experience traumatic and mobilizing stress. During research of the activity of the authors of broadcasts "Emigrants" and "How are you?" there have been distinguished five models of authors of broadcasts describing emigration: existential model (emigration as the choice of life values); instrumental-cyclic model (emigration as operacionalisation); emotional model (emigration as disappointment); critical model (review of the concept of emigration in the context of global migration); alerting model (emigration as the entirety of dangers). The peculiarity of broadcast creation is revealed by the motives of creation and the four activities of the authors: selection of team, participants and topic; coordination of representation of positive and negative experiences; coordination of verbal and non-verbal representation; pattern of TV broadcast and the possibility of corrective intrusion. It was found that in TV shows on emigration there was developed the concept of families with parents abroad. The authors of broadcasts pointed out that direct communication with families affected that families with parents abroad were listed as a separate group, characterized by family characteristics. The authors of broadcasts "Emigrants" and "How are you?" are ready to continue the programs and does not alter the structure of their programs, because they realized the concept of the phenomenon of emigration.
Media impart information on political, social, economic, cultural events of social life. In this way media form the human conception of everyday world. In Lithuania there is analyzed the presentation of migration in press and internet portals. However in Lithuania there are no researches made on presentation of emigration on television. In this Master's thesis it is aimed to reveal the dynamics of presenting emigration in broadcasts of Lithuanian television (2006-2010) and the peculiarities of creation of broadcasts on emigration. In the Master's thesis J. Baudrillard's simulation conception is being followed, which denies the idea of "real" world. The analysis of the Italian, Swedish, Indian, Japanese, German television experience revealed the national migration representation features. In the Master's thesis TV broadcasts are analyzed as visual texts. There are applied procedures of U. Flick, Norman K. Denzin, H. Herman, W.Jahn and B.Hildenbran. For the analysis of emigration from the point of view of family stress R.Hill's model ABC-X has been chosen. For the research of activity of broadcast authors there was applied the Map method (Irene Levin). The research of dynamics of emigration presentation in broadcasts of Lithuanian television revealed that until 2009 there was dominating a multidimensional representation of emigration phenomenon, since 2009 fragmented phenomenon analysis. The authors of broadcasts try to create the illusion of "reality" and apply the procedure for creating "reality": talk to witnesses, experts. Since 2009 beside neutral sayings the rhetoric expressing evaluative position appears in speeches of broadcast participants, experts and presenters, conveyed experiences related not only with stress, despair, big joy but with uncertainty situation as well, broadcast is finished not only using generalizing sayings of the broadcast presenters in the beginning and end of broadcast but also giving rhetorical questions, appeared rhetoric justifying the emigration. The analysis of presenting emigration in TV broadcasts from the point of view of family stress revealed that the families of emigrants and families with parents abroad experience stress. In order to overcome inner stress evoked by the stressor the families of emigrants use psychological and social resources, families with parents abroad use resources in Lithuania and abroad. In purposive broadcasts families with parents abroad experience traumatic, mobilizing, concealed, dipolar stress. In specialized broadcasts represented families with parents abroad experience traumatic and mobilizing stress. During research of the activity of the authors of broadcasts "Emigrants" and "How are you?" there have been distinguished five models of authors of broadcasts describing emigration: existential model (emigration as the choice of life values); instrumental-cyclic model (emigration as operacionalisation); emotional model (emigration as disappointment); critical model (review of the concept of emigration in the context of global migration); alerting model (emigration as the entirety of dangers). The peculiarity of broadcast creation is revealed by the motives of creation and the four activities of the authors: selection of team, participants and topic; coordination of representation of positive and negative experiences; coordination of verbal and non-verbal representation; pattern of TV broadcast and the possibility of corrective intrusion. It was found that in TV shows on emigration there was developed the concept of families with parents abroad. The authors of broadcasts pointed out that direct communication with families affected that families with parents abroad were listed as a separate group, characterized by family characteristics. The authors of broadcasts "Emigrants" and "How are you?" are ready to continue the programs and does not alter the structure of their programs, because they realized the concept of the phenomenon of emigration.
Media impart information on political, social, economic, cultural events of social life. In this way media form the human conception of everyday world. In Lithuania there is analyzed the presentation of migration in press and internet portals. However in Lithuania there are no researches made on presentation of emigration on television. In this Master's thesis it is aimed to reveal the dynamics of presenting emigration in broadcasts of Lithuanian television (2006-2010) and the peculiarities of creation of broadcasts on emigration. In the Master's thesis J. Baudrillard's simulation conception is being followed, which denies the idea of "real" world. The analysis of the Italian, Swedish, Indian, Japanese, German television experience revealed the national migration representation features. In the Master's thesis TV broadcasts are analyzed as visual texts. There are applied procedures of U. Flick, Norman K. Denzin, H. Herman, W.Jahn and B.Hildenbran. For the analysis of emigration from the point of view of family stress R.Hill's model ABC-X has been chosen. For the research of activity of broadcast authors there was applied the Map method (Irene Levin). The research of dynamics of emigration presentation in broadcasts of Lithuanian television revealed that until 2009 there was dominating a multidimensional representation of emigration phenomenon, since 2009 fragmented phenomenon analysis. The authors of broadcasts try to create the illusion of "reality" and apply the procedure for creating "reality": talk to witnesses, experts. Since 2009 beside neutral sayings the rhetoric expressing evaluative position appears in speeches of broadcast participants, experts and presenters, conveyed experiences related not only with stress, despair, big joy but with uncertainty situation as well, broadcast is finished not only using generalizing sayings of the broadcast presenters in the beginning and end of broadcast but also giving rhetorical questions, appeared rhetoric justifying the emigration. The analysis of presenting emigration in TV broadcasts from the point of view of family stress revealed that the families of emigrants and families with parents abroad experience stress. In order to overcome inner stress evoked by the stressor the families of emigrants use psychological and social resources, families with parents abroad use resources in Lithuania and abroad. In purposive broadcasts families with parents abroad experience traumatic, mobilizing, concealed, dipolar stress. In specialized broadcasts represented families with parents abroad experience traumatic and mobilizing stress. During research of the activity of the authors of broadcasts "Emigrants" and "How are you?" there have been distinguished five models of authors of broadcasts describing emigration: existential model (emigration as the choice of life values); instrumental-cyclic model (emigration as operacionalisation); emotional model (emigration as disappointment); critical model (review of the concept of emigration in the context of global migration); alerting model (emigration as the entirety of dangers). The peculiarity of broadcast creation is revealed by the motives of creation and the four activities of the authors: selection of team, participants and topic; coordination of representation of positive and negative experiences; coordination of verbal and non-verbal representation; pattern of TV broadcast and the possibility of corrective intrusion. It was found that in TV shows on emigration there was developed the concept of families with parents abroad. The authors of broadcasts pointed out that direct communication with families affected that families with parents abroad were listed as a separate group, characterized by family characteristics. The authors of broadcasts "Emigrants" and "How are you?" are ready to continue the programs and does not alter the structure of their programs, because they realized the concept of the phenomenon of emigration.
In the paper there is analysed representation of employers and employees in the sense of association freedom principle. This issue is important because of representation institute which is of special importance, in addition, it is a new subject in the labour law of the Republic of Lithuania. In the first part of the paper there are analyzed essence and purpose of representation in labour law as well as conception of freedom of association, its content and interaction of these legal phenomena. It is concluded that freedom of association assumes representation of labour law subjects in case of collective labour relations which can be represented by trade union and its organizations following the labour law of the Republic of Lithuania. Employers are represented by employer organizations, their corporations, federations and confederations. The second part of the paper introduces legal status of employee representatives. Trade union is the main organization which represents the rights of employees. This organization is entitled to represent as well as to protect employees interests following the legislation of the Republic of Lithuania. Activities of labour boards as employee representatives are much more narrower than these of trade unions – it is limited by representation of interests of employees employed in companies, institutions or organisations. To labour boards there isn't applied the principle of freedom of associations. In case the law foresees an alternative to enter a trade union operating in a company, institution or organisation or to form a labour board, we could talk about "negative" aspects of the association freedom content. The third part of the paper is devoted for revealing legal regulation of representation. It is concluded that establishment and activities of employer organisations as subjects of collective labour relations aren't regulated by a separate law – the organisations are usually established and operate on the basis of the common Law on Associations. Acquisition of employer organisation status is related to objectives and tasks formed in the Articles of Association, where target function of such organisations is reflected – representation of employers maintaining legal labour relations, participation in social partnership organising collective negotiations, etc. It is also determined that full prohibition of lockout as an aspect of freedom of association guaranteed to employers by international documents contradicts international obligations undertaken by Lithuania, and in such a way unreasonably narrows the possibility of employers and their organisations to fully implement freedom of association. In the fourth part there are analysed international documents certifying the possibility of limiting freedom of association in regard to certain category of persons. It is concluded that peculiarities of freedom of association is strengthened by publishers of Lithuanian legislation – limitations in regard to police and national defence contradict international obligations of Lithuania.