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Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- THE CONCEPT OF REPRESENTATION -- 1 Political Representation: An Overview -- 2 Practical Representation -- 3 Commentary: The Paradox of Representation -- 4 Commentary: Representation and the Problem of Identity -- 5 Two Notes on Representation -- HISTORICAL DISCUSSION -- 6 Modern and Medieval Representation -- 7 An Augustan Debate: Notes on the History of the Idea of Representation -- THE THEORY OF REPRESENTATION -- 8 Electors and Representatives: A Contribution to the Theory of Representation -- 9 Representation, Governmental Stability, and Decisional Effectiveness -- CONSTITUTIONAL DECISIONS AND THE THEORY OF REPRESENTATION -- 10 Representation in Law and Equity -- 11 Black on Representation: A Question -- 12 Political Parties in the Normative Theory of Representation -- 13 Standards for Representative Selection and Apportionment -- 14 Representation Values and Reapportionment Practice: The Eschatology of "One-Man, One-Vote" -- WEIGHTED VOTING AND THE THEORY OF REPRESENTATION -- 15 Weighted Voting: A Mathematical Analysis for Instrumental Judgments -- 16 Weighted Voting and "One-Man, One-Vote" -- EXTRA-ELECTIVE REPRESENTATION -- 17 The Bureaucracy as Representatives -- REPRESENTATION UNDER NONCOMPETITIVE PARTY SYSTEMS -- 18 The Mechanism of Popular Activity in the Exercise of State Authority in People's Poland -- 19 Notes for a Theory of Nondemocratic Representation

What is representation? What does it mean when a politician represents citizens in government? These are just some of the questions which will be answered by David Runciman and Mónica Brito Vieira as they explain why representation should be understood as one of the key concepts in modern politics.

What is representation? What does it mean when a politician represents citizens in government? How can citizens be represented beyond the boundaries of the nation-state?These are just some of the questions which will be answered by David Runciman and Mónica Brito Vieira as they explain why representation should be understood as one of the key concepts in modern politics. The first part of the book examines the historical roots of the concept of representation, from its origins in ancient Rome through to its role in the revolutionary politics of the modern world. The second looks at different varieties of representation – in law as well as politics. The final part asks how the concept of representation can help us think creatively about current and future challenges facing the world. Representation is too often treated as a secondary or qualifying idea – as in the phrase 'representative democracy'. This book argues that we have this the wrong way round. Representation is the foundational idea in almost all areas of our political life. Making sense of representation in its own terms is crucial for seeing why democracy functions the way it does, and for exploring how it might function differently. David Runciman is University Lecturer in Political Theory at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Mónica Brito Vieira is Research Fellow at New Hall, Cambridge.

Intro -- Political Representation: Communities, Ideas and Institutions in Europe (c. 1200-c. 1690) -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Illustrations -- Contributors and Editors -- An Introduction: Political Representation: Communities, Ideas and Institutions in Europe (c. 1200-c. 1690) -- Part 1: Top-down or Bottom-up? Princes, Communities and Representation -- 1 Assemblies of Estates and Parliamentarism in Late Medieval Europe -- 2 Political Representation and the Fiscal State in Late Medieval and Early Modern Castile -- 3 Forms of Political Representation in Late Medieval Northern Italy: Merits and Shortcomings of the City-State Paradigm (14th-early 16th Century) -- 4 Representation in Later Medieval and Early Modern Ireland -- 5 Speaking in the Name of: Collective Action, Claim-making, and the Development of Pre-modern Representative Institutions -- Part 2: Prelates, Nobles and Patricians: The Composition of the Representative Institutions -- 6 "The King wishes and commands?" Reassessing Political Assembly in Scotland, c.1286-1329 -- 7 Officers of State and Representation in the Pre-modern Scottish Parliament -- 8 The Nobility in the Estates of the Late Medieval Duchy of Brabant -- 9 Representation by Numbers: How Attendance and Experience Helped Holland to Control the Dutch States General (1626-1630) -- Part 3: Controlling the State: Ideas and Discourses -- 10 The Antwerp Clerk Jan van Boendale and the Creation of a Brabantine Ideology -- 11 Rituals of Unanimity and Balance: Deliberation in 15th- to 16thcentury Hainaut: A Fool's Game? -- 12 Speech Acts and Political Communication in the Estates General of Valois and Habsburg Burgundy c. 1370-1530: Towards a Shared Political Language -- 13 Parliament, War and the "Public Sphere" in Late Medieval England: The Experience of Lancastrian Kent