Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 Conservatism bias and asset price overreaction or underreaction to new information in a competitive securities market -- Chapter 3 Conservatism bias and asset price overreaction or underreaction to new information in the presence of strategic interaction -- Chapter 4 Representativeness heuristic and asset price overreaction or underreaction to new information in a competitive securities market -- Chapter 5 Representativeness heuristic and asset price overreaction or underreaction to new information in the presence of strategic interaction -- Chapter 6 The presence of representativeness heuristic and conservatism bias in an asset market -- Chapter 7 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Exemplification in Communication -- Conceptual Considerations -- Definition of the Exemplification Process -- Exemplification of Known Event Populations -- Exemplification of Unknown Event Populations -- Exemplification in Different Domains of Communication -- Exemplification in Personal Experience -- The Interface Between Direct and Mediated Experience -- 2 Exemplification in Practice -- American News -- News Magazines -- Television News -- Media Comparison -- Non-American News and Advertising -- Television-News Magazines -- Television Commercials -- Magazine Advertisements -- Comparison of Information Domains -- De Facto Exemplification in Fiction and in Quasi-Fiction -- 3 Information Processing -- The Function of Schemata -- Heuristics and Their Influence -- The Representativeness Heuristic -- The Availability Heuristic -- Vividness and Salience -- Chronic Accessibility -- Emotion as a Mediator -- Empathic and Counterempathic Reactivity -- Differently Diminishing Accessibilities -- Contingency Processing -- The Informative Function -- Affect Enhancement -- Model-Observer Affinity -- 4 Exemplification Effects of the News -- Foci of Exploration -- The Research Evidence -- Exemplar-Counterexemplar Distributions -- Base-Rate Influence -- Citation as Exemplar Enhancement -- Qualitatively Distorted Exemplification -- Emotional Displays in Exemplars -- Threatening Images in Exemplification -- Effects of Innocuous Image -- Incidental Pictorial Exemplification -- 5 Exemplification Effects of Fiction and Quasi-Fiction -- Correlational Demonstrations -- Experimental Demonstrations -- 6 Toward Exemplification Literacy -- Exemplification Literacy for Information Providers -- Exemplification Literacy for the Citizenry -- Closing Remarks -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

The thirty-five chapters in this book describe various judgmental heuristics and the biases they produce, not only in laboratory experiments but in important social, medical, and political situations as well. Individual chapters discuss the representativeness and availability heuristics, problems in judging covariation and control, overconfidence, multistage inference, social perception, medical diagnosis, risk perception, and methods for correcting and improving judgments under uncertainty. About half of the chapters are edited versions of classic articles; the remaining chapters are newly written for this book. Most review multiple studies or entire subareas of research and application rather than describing single experimental studies. This book will be useful to a wide range of students and researchers, as well as to decision makers seeking to gain insight into their judgments and to improve them