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Purpose This study targeted hospitality family business owners as essential pillars of the tourism industry. How they perceive aspects of the crisis and what they derive organizational resilience from, including the role of their human resources, are explored. Internal and external factors of resilience are analyzed alongside different levels of resilience action. Design/methodology/approach The World Health Organization announced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. In Tirol, the hospitality industry has particularly been affected as tourism businesses find themselves in the challenging times of returning to normal business, corresponding to the fourth phase in Faulkner's (2001) Tourism Disaster Management Framework. The authors used a qualitative exploratory approach, using semi-structured interviews. Findings In taking on a holistic explorative approach, the authors determined several methods used by entrepreneurs in dealing with a pandemic crisis to increase business resilience at a specific stage. Internal and external resilience factors have been detected among three levels of resilience action (personal, regional and governmental). The most surprising result of the semi-structured in-depth interviews was the entrepreneurs' rather positive outlook. Originality/value Generally, this study creates an in-depth understanding of the tourism businesses in their dealing with a global crisis, using family business owners as an exemplary stakeholder group. The authors bridge a gap in the literature by applying a holistic explorative approach in the early stage of a never seen worldwide crisis and by addressing organizational resilience. Three levels of resilience action give new insight into how the beginning of a pandemic crisis is handled and perceived by hospitality family business entrepreneurs.

The Indonesian people during the pandemic seemed to forget the purpose of married life which idealizes a household that lasts forever. The increasing divorce rate during the pandemic seems to confirm this hypothesis regardless of any triggering factors. Of course, the product of legislation related to marriage and family must be able to maintain the integrity and resilience of the family. This article aims to analyze transcendental values in marriage law regulations which play a very significant role in building family resilience. This article is in the form of a normative legal study that instrumented the approach to the application of laws and the philosophical approach and prophetic legal theory as a knife of analysis. The results of the study show that emphasizing divine values on rules that build and family resilience is absolutely necessary in and maintaining family resilience which is manifested in a sakinah, mawaddah and rahmah household. Prophetic values such as efforts to complicate divorce, legalization of marriages based on religious law, marriage as a form of lifelong ubudiyah must be internalized in applicable legal regulations.

The interplay between formal organizing structures and the informal social networks of employees and organizations furthers the resilience of nonprofit organizations that serve the community. This case study draws on qualitative multi-pronged data collected in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey from two faith networks of social welfare organizations serving the vulnerable in Houston, Texas. Results show that hybrid organizing of formal structures and informal networks contributes to organizational and community resilience. By examining both forms of organizing, this article shows how formal structures offer foundational support to the more informal and nimble social networks across the interorganizational partnerships that support the community. As such, this study extends the process orientation toward resilience by documenting how individuals, organizations, and networks expand organizational internal capacities through disaster relief efforts enacted across levels (employee–organization–community).

Abstract
Even before the mass protests of 2017–2018, the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) has confronted an array of political, economic, and social issues that compelled the state to consider reform in order to avoid the possibility of another revolution. During the last four decades, the IRI's social welfare policies have helped explain its resilience and vulnerability, the agency and dynamics of its state-society relations, its changes and continuities vis-à-vis the former regime, and its inclusivity and exclusivity. According to various income and human development index (HDI) indicators, the IRI's economic and developmental performance is one of mediocrity rather than outright failure or success, compared to other middle-income countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and other regions in the global South.

The purpose of this study is to understand how countries have leveraged on their economic resilience to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on a global sample of 150 countries. The study develops a health vulnerability index (HVI) and leverages on an existing economic resilience index (ERI) to provide four main scenarios from which to understand the problem statement, namely 'low HVI-low ERI,' 'high HVI-low ERI,' 'high HVI-high ERI,' and 'low HVI-high ERI' quadrants. Countries that have robustly fought the pandemic are those in the 'low HVI-high ERI' quadrant and, to a lesser extent, countries in the 'low HVI-low ERI' quadrant. Most European countries, namely one African country (Rwanda), four Asian countries (e.g., Japan, China, South Korea, and Thailand), and six American countries (e.g., United States, Canada, Uruguay, Panama, Argentina, and Costa Rica) are apparent in the ideal quadrant.

This article investigates the extent to which a social investment paradigm has guided policy reforms in long-term care for the elderly in France and the Netherlands and how this relates to the resilience of the sector during the Covid-19 pandemic. It conceptualizes the theoretical impact of social investment on long-term care policy and analyzes its use to justify reforms since the early 2000s. It concludes that social investment has not played any role in Dutch long-term care reforms and a moderate role in France. Meanwhile, in both countries a neoliberal emphasis on the efficiency of the market has contributed to a rise in for-profit service provision and fragmentation of the long-term care sector. While long-term care provision in both countries proved relatively resilient in the first phase of the pandemic, at a later stage its resilience was undermined by fragmentation and marketization, limiting the government's ability to respond adequately to new challenges and, crucially, to improve working conditions in the sector. The article concludes that a social investment approach cannot resolve these problems and that there is a need for a new paradigm that acknowledges the inherent value of care work and prioritizes the long-term sustainability of care provision.

AbstrakRadikalisme adalah salah satu akar penyebab utama dari aksi terorisme. Radikalisasi pada kalangan masyarakat umum menjadi ancaman serius bagi stabilitas keamanan nasional. Masyarakat saat ini rentan menjadi sasaran perekrutan kelompok-kelompok radikal, pembentukan jaringan kelompok radikal transnasional, pengarahan tindak kekerasan dan terorisme bahkan melalui radikalisasi diri sendiri. Kurangnya kepedulian dan sistem pengawasan di dalam komunitas masyarakat dianggap juga menjadi katalisator radikalisme. Karena hal itulah, ketahanan komunitas terhadap ancaman terorisme dan radikalisme merupakan aspek penting dalam berhasilnya kontra-radikalisasi di dalam suatu negara. Terlebih jika komunitas yang berada di dalam suatu negara merupakan komunitas yang pluralistik dan memiliki budaya, bahasa, dan agama yang berbeda. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran komunitas dan mengemukakan pentingnya ketahanan dalam komunitas dalam usaha memerangi terorisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagai bagian dari kontra-terorisme, pemerintah harus mengadopsi prinsip, "adanya strategi lebih baik ada dibanding tidak ada sama sekali" jika terkait dengan kerjasama bersama komunitas. Selain itu pemerintah harus dapat berinvestasi secara tepat untuk membangun pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap terorisme. Selanjutnya pemerintah juga perlu untuk memfokuskan kembali pada tujuan akhir pemberantasan terorisme pada deradikalisasi dan hal ini harus dilakukan terpisah dari sifat aksi hulu yang dilakukan komunitas. Terakhir, komunitas harus dipayungi organisasi besar yang merupakan perpanjangan dari program pemerintah yang mengajak masyarakat untuk fokus pada upaya memperkuat ketahanan dan kapasitas semua lini masyarakat yang dianggap rapuh.Kata kunci: Amerika Serikat, Inggris, Kontra terorisme, Peran komunitas AbstractRadicalism is one of the main root causes of acts of terrorism. Radicalization among the society poses a serious threat to the stability of national security. Communities today are vulnerable to the recruitment of radical groups, the formation of radical networks of transnational radicals, the directing of acts of violence and terrorism even through self-radicalization. Lack of awareness within the community and absence of monitoring system from government are also considered to be a catalyst for radicalism. Because of this, community resilience to the threat of terrorism and radicalism is an important aspect of successful counter-radicalization within a country. Especially if the community within a country is a pluralistic community and has different cultures, languages and religions. This paper aims to analyze the role of the community and highlight the importance of community resilience in the fight against terrorism. The results show that as part of counter-terrorism, the government should adopt the principle, "the existence of suffice strategy is better than nothing at all" particularly when it is related to community resilience. In addition, the government should be able to invest properly to build public knowledge of terrorism. Furthermore, the government also needs to refocus on ultimate goals of eradicating terrorism and deradicalisation and this should be done separately from the nature of the upstream action of the community. Finally, the community must be protected by a larger organization that is an extension of a government program that calls on communities to focus on strengthening the resilience and capacity of all fragile communities.Keywords: Community Resilience, Counterterrorism, United Kingdom, United States

PurposeThis paper aims to explain the role of supply chain capital (SCC) in developing transformative supply chain resilience (SCRes) to cope with environmental dynamism. Through a panarchy theory lens, this paper holistically examines how supply chains and their resilience are impacted by the multilevel structure in which they are embedded.Design/methodology/approachContextualised explanation-building case studies are used to examine the transformative SCRes of 10 companies. Data were collected via interviews, documents, archival records and observations.FindingsStudying transformative SCRes leads to generating insights into the application of SCC for managing environmental dynamisms at the organisational and supply chain levels. Furthermore, the linkages between different levels of the panarchy and their impact on the change in SCC to cope with the dynamisms are identified and explained.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper contributes to the new and timely paradigm of transformative SCRes by studying this phenomenon in a holistic manner (rather than a traditional reductionistic view). Through a panarchy lens, the need to examine and analyse different hierarchy levels simultaneously to interpret SCRes responses to environmental dynamism is highlighted.Practical implicationsValuable insights are provided to practitioners in developing an understanding of structural and relational SCC and their management in the development of transformative SCRes.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first empirical studies using a multilevel social-ecological-based panarchy framework in the supply chain management context. Applying this novel approach is highly relevant and reveals several new research opportunities.

Voluntary municipal tasks could be interpreted as an important element of the resilience of the local communities. These tasks are very flexible: in the European municipal systems these tasks can be provided relatively freely within the scope of the local public affairs. Therefore the municipal task management has an innovative role in the local government system, in other words, one can notice a process where facultative tasks may become obligatory. We also include the role of the central and territorial public administration in our analysis, concerning the financial background and the professional assistance of the voluntary task management as well. As an additional hypothesis, we present that the decreasing number of compulsory tasks highlighted the importance of the non-compulsory tasks; therefore, we also investigate the changes of the last few years. Based on the hypothesis, we did an empirical research in three Hungarian and three Slovenian municipalities, where the nature of the municipal tasks were examined. We focused on the innovative nature of these tasks. When selecting the municipalities, we paid attention to include different municipality models and their characteristics to verify our hypothesis. Our paper will present the main findings of this research: not only the large and rich municipalities and the municipalities with tourism destination roles perform facultative tasks, it is very important in the small communities, as well. These tasks are tools for the resilience to the changes of the regulatory environment and tools for the preserving the local identity.

Two-thirds of the global population will live in cities by 2050. Already, over half of the world's population lives in urban areas. In line with Goal 11 of the Sustainable Development Goals, these urban areas must be made sustainable. Resilient urban development prioritizes urban residents' physical and social environments, not just for their present but also for their future. We asked, "to what extent do health and resilience inform the stated development agenda of the Lagos metropolis?" Additionally, our work serves as a case study for planners and health officials to critically evaluate key planning documents, with the goal of aligning them with the Sustainable Development Goals. In conducting this assessment, we reviewed Lagos State's archives. These documents were compared against a conceptual framework for urban health and resilience derived from the socio-ecological model, the Rockefeller Foundation's resilience framework, and the social determinants of health theory. The analysis was further informed by qualitative research conducted with civil society and civil servants working within the intersections of health, resilience, and Lagos State's present environment. Lagos State Government's development agenda encompasses health and resilience focus areas such as housing, health, safety and transportation. However, insufficient attention was placed on the processes of governance which are critical for effective and equitable delivery of these determinants of health. Such poorly addressed factors include the need to emphasize, equitable processes, to incentivise cooperation within and across sectors, and to open lines of participation with citizens, especially those in the informal sector. Additionally, reports from surveillance systems were aggregated and thus unable to reveal or adequately monitor inequities. Without such information, health and resilience cannot be delivered especially to the most marginalized.We, therefore, recommend a heightened focus on the processes of governance, investment in ...

ABSTRACTThis article unveils the resilience of national institutional designs in the process of European unification; more specifically, the article stands out the pervasiveness of the pattern of relationship between government and industry in the environmental policy of two countries: Spain and Germany. Although the European Union (EU) is increasingly influential in environmental policy, these designs have only recently undergone slight changes. This can be explained not only by the lesser importance that the EU has heretofore attached to the connection between the systems of interest intermediation and the fulfilment of Community policy goals, but by the strength of the historical arrangements and cultural traditions at the national level.

In modern warfare, digitalization has blurred the line where civilian ends and military begins. Embedded in the participative warfare theoretical paradigm, this article looks into how the information and communication technologies (ICT) enable civic resilience under the conditions of the foreign armed aggression. Specifically, the authors explore how smartphones and smartphone applications empowered the Ukrainian civil society in the aftermath of the Russian full-scale invasion of 2022. Based on an online survey and semi-structured interviews, the article highlights how the device and its features not only allowed civilians to adapt to living in conditions of a constant threat, but also to respond and support the defence from the rear. The authors conclude that, while the smartphone becomes an 'online resilience hub', acquiring many new functions like a mobile office, an online volunteer (frontline logistics and procurement) hub, an air-threat warner, a first-hand news source and so on, its security provision functions are not unconditional and may turn to the opposite, depending on the physical circumstances on the ground as well as the virtual information battlefield.

This working paper explores the meanings and experiences of resilience, and its gender dimensions, among a cohort of Ethiopian children exposed to poverty and adversity across the early life course. It asks why some girls and some boys seem to fare well as they transition to adulthood, despite the challenges and obstacles they had faced, while others do less well. Qualitative analysis revealed how children's lives did not follow linear paths, and were easily derailed by unplanned events and shocks, including: climatic shocks, societal influences, school transitions and relations, household changes; and child health and social development. It also identifed significant resilience factors, including: supportive and facilitative relationships (especially elder siblings); enabling and protective systems and environments; government and NGO support; young people's inner resources and pro-social skills; and second chances. A combination of well-timed, mutually reinforcing factors within holistic support systems, rather than a single factor, appeared to make the most difference. This working paper and the accompanying policy brief are part of a set of eight working papers and eight policy briefs on gendered transitions into young adulthood in Ethiopia.