Suchergebnisse

Sustainable development is a developmental concept that takes into account the economic, the environmental, and the social dimension of development. The modem approach to the concept of sustainable development implies acknowledgement of new dimensions or pillars of development. The subject of this paper is the institutional dimension as the fourth dimension of sustainable development. The path to sustainable development requires interconnectedness, harmonization, and coordination of different dimensions of development. Institutionally, new principles or concepts are necessary to improve the functioning of the various institutions and actors involved in the process of achieving the goals of sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to indicate that economic, ecological, and social development based on sustainability requires institutional support as a complementary and necessary dimension.

Bioethanol is a biofuel that is mostly used as a replacement for fossil fuels worldwide with yearly production reaching nearly 110 billion liters in 2019. Trends of producing this alternative fuel are rising and maize is considered as one of the best renewable raw materials for the production of fuel ethanol due to the high content of starch in the grain. Taking into account that Serbia is one of the most prominent maize producers in Europe, the surpluses of this crop could be directed toward bioethanol production. Even though there is no organized production and consumption of bioethanol as an automotive fuel in Serbia, the Serbian Government has recently introduced some new regulations regarding biofuels. However, due to the reduction of economic activities since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the global demand for crude oil has fallen sharply, negatively affecting the gasoline demand, and thus bioethanol, which makes the future of this alternative fuel production notably uncertain. ; Bioetanol je biogorivo koje se uglavnom koristi kao zamena za fosilna goriva širom sveta, a godišnja proizvodnja dostigla je gotovo 110 milijardi litara u 2019. godini. Trendovi proizvodnje ovog alternativnog goriva rastu, a kukuruz se smatra jednom od najboljih obnovljivih sirovina za proizvodnju bioetanola zahvaljujući visokom sadržaju skroba u zrnu. Uzimajući u obzir da je Srbija jedan od najistaknutijih proizvođača kukuruza u Evropi, viškovi useva ove poljoprivredne kulture mogli bi se usmeriti ka proizvodnji bioetanola. Iako u Srbiji ne postoji organizovana proizvodnja i potrošnja bioetanola kao transportnog goriva, Vlada Republike Srbije nedavno je usvojila nekoliko novih uredbi u vezi sa stavljanjem u promet, obeležavanjem i potrošnjom biogoriva. Međutim, zbog smanjenja ekonomskih aktivnosti od početka pandemije virusa COVID-19 tokom 2020. godine, globalna potražnja za sirovom naftom naglo je opala, što je negativno uticalo na potražnju za benzinom, a time i za bioetanolom, zbog čega je budućnost proizvodnje ovog alternativnog goriva za sada u velikoj meri neizvesna.

The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. Due to the veto power of the permanent members, lack of transparency and the recommendation of only one candidate, the appointment of the Secretary-General is basically a decision of the Security Council. UN member states, civil society organizations and schoolars point out the need for a more active role of the General Assembly during the appointment of the Secretary-General. Formation of the ad hoc working group for the revitalization of the work of the General Assembly raised this problem to a higher level. Current procedure of appointment of the Secretary-General was reasonable at the time of the adoption of the UN Charter. The circumstances of the 21st century require different solutions. The paper aims to show the necessity and possibilities of strengthening the role of the General Assembly in the process of appointment of the Secretary-General and obstacles existing in this regard. The long-term activities of the ad hoc working group for the revitalization of the work of the General Assembly gave positive results in terms of more active role of the General Assembly during the appointment of the Secretary General in 2016. The paper aims to show that the results achieved by the ad hoc working group are not long-term efficient. The most effective solution for strengthening the role of the General Assembly in the appointment of the Secretary-General is the revision of the UN Charter.

U radu se razmatra doprinos inkluzivnog obrazovanja i njegovi potencijalni efekti na razvoj celokupnog društva, obrazovnih institucija i pojedinaca. Ukazuje se na ključne pozitivne promene u društvu koje se opredelilo za sprovođenje inkluzivnog obrazovanja: (a) unapređivanje zakonske regulative u pravcu obezbeđivanja dostupnosti, pravednosti i jednakosti u ostvarivanju prava dece i odraslih sa teškoćama u razvoju; (b) povezivanje i saradnja različitih društvenih sistema i institucija i (v) finansijska dobrobit koja se ostvaruje korišćenjem dostupnih resursa redovnih obrazovnih institucija za obrazovanje dece sa teškoćama u razvoju. Naglašavaju se značajne promene koje se usled realizacije inkluzivnog obrazovanja dešavaju unutar obrazovnih institucija, a koje pored unapređivanja obrazovne politike i kulture škola obuhvataju i promene na nivou nastavne i vannastavne prakse. Promene na nivou obrazovnih institucija razmatraju se i iz perspektive ključnih aktera i koristi koje oni imaju od realizacije inkluzivnog obrazovanja. Naglašava se potencijal koji inkluzivno obrazovanje, kao prirodno okruženje, ima za razvoj i učenje dece sa teškoćama u razvoju i otkrivanje njihovih očuvanih sposobnosti. Ukazuje se na važnost ovakvog okruženja za podsticanje tolerancije, uvažavanja različitosti i empatičnosti kod ostale dece u odeljenju. Poseban osvrt dat je na promene koje se odnose na nastavnika i njegovu praksu, kako na nivou stavova i pedagoških uverenja, tako i u domenu novih znanja i kompеtencija. Kvalitet realizacije inkluzivnog obrazovanja i njegovi potencijalni efekti na razvoj društva, obrazovnih institucija i pojedinaca razmotreni su kroz prizmu različitih prepreka, problema i otežavajućih okolnosti. ; The paper deliberates positive effects of inclusive education and its potential influence on development of entire society, educational institutions and individuals. It indicates key positive changes in the society which opted for inclusive education: (a) improvement of legislation towards providing availability, fairness and equality for children and adults with disabilities in exercising their rights; (b) networking and cooperation between different social systems and institutions; (c) financial benefit gained by using the available resources provided by the regular educational institutions for education of children with disabilities. It stresses the important changes that occur inside the educational institutions due to inclusive education which, in addition to improving educational policy and mind-set in schools, include changes in curricular and extra-curricular practices. The changes in educational institutions are also deliberated from the standpoint of key participants and their benefits from inclusive education. It stresses the potential which the inclusive education, as natural environment, has in development and learning of children with disabilities and in revealing their preserved abilities. It points to importance of such environment in nurturing tolerance, respect for diversity and empathy in other children in the classroom. A special emphasis is put on the changes that concern teachers and their practice, both in their attitudes and pedagogical beliefs and in the domain of new skills and competences. The quality of implementation of inclusive education and its potential effects on development of society, educational institutions and individuals are deliberated through the prism of various obstacles, problems and difficulties. ; Zbornik rezimea / 24. Međunarodna naučna konferencija "Pedagoška istraživanja i školska praksa ; Book of abstracts / 24th International Scientific Conference "Educational Research and School Practice"

After the failure of the European constitutional process, the question of creating the European identity has become in the center of attention of the academic public again. According to the scientific literature about Europe it is mostly discussed as the set of institutional solutions, but not as the collective cultural space, the dominant paradigm discussing the European identity is the one that sees it as entirely political, indeed. The goal of this work is to show that insisting on creating of purely political European identity has its basic neither in theory nor in practice. In order to document the claim, in this work the author critically investigates different theoretical approaches studying the European identity and analyzing the results of available empirical researches tries to determine a role of cultural, civil and instrumental components in its creation.

The monetary policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina is rather limited because it is based on the principles of a currency board characterized by the impossibility of implementing the basic monetary policy instruments in comparison with the monetary policy of the European Union. However, the constant presence of European integrations should point the need for a more drastic change in the monetary policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina. By entering the European Monetary Union (EMU), the monetary territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina will become one of the branches of the European Central Bank (ECB). In addition, it is not difficult to conclude why the Law about the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been adopted with the first laws of the Dayton Agreement, if it is known that the largest part of the banking system, and therefore the financial market, is owned by foreign banks. This work will point out the significance of the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as one of the most important factors for maintaining the permanent liquidity of the banking sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The possibilities and limitations of the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina will be determined, with the assumption of macroeconomic sustainability over a longer period of time. The need of reforming the banking system in Bosnia and Herzegovina will be analyzed through the constant implementation of the Basel standards with the increasing participation of foreign banks in the Bosnia and Herzegovina. It will be determined the impact of the implementation of the Basel III in the banking industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its consequences on the banking and economic system.models, on the ways of financing the elimination of adverse consequences of natural disasters. ; Monetarna politika Bosne i Hercegovine je prilično ograničena, jer se temelji na principima valutnog odbora kojeg karakteriše nemogućnost sprovođenja osnovnih instrumenata monetarne politike u poređenju sa monetarnom politikom Evropske unije. Međutim, stalna prisutnost evropskih integracija bi trebala da ukaže na potrebu za drastičnijom promijenom monetarne politike Bosne i Hercegovine. Ulaskom u Evropsku monetarnu uniju, (EMU) monetarno područje Bosne i Hercegovine postaće jedna od filijala Evropske centralne banke (ECB). Pored toga, nije teško zaključiti zašto je među prvim zakonima od Dejtonskog sporazuma usvojen Zakon o Centralnoj banci Bosne i Hercegovine, ako se zna da je najveći dio bankarskog sistema, a time i finansijskog tržišta u vlasništvu stranih banaka. U radu će se ukazati na značaj Centralne banke BiH, kao jednog od najbitnijih faktora održavanja permanentne likvidnosti bankarskog sektora u Bosni i Hercegovini. Determinisaće se mogućnosti i ograničenja Centralne banke BiH, uz pretpostavku makroekonomske održivosti na duži vremenski period. Analiziraće se potreba reforme bankarskog sistema u Bosni i Hercegovini kroz stalnu implementaciju Bazelskih standarda uz sve veće učešće stranih banaka u finansijskom sistemu BiH. Odrediće se uticaj implementacije bazela III u bankarstvo BiH i njegove posljedice na bankarski i ekonomski sistem.

After the break-up of the former Yugoslavia, the countries of Western Balkans are slowly establishing mutual economic cooperation, and are struggling with their participation in international trade flow with the usage of international marketing instruments. This significantly decreases their opportunities to accelerate economic development and to improve their competitiveness in the time of new crisis caused by Covid-19 pandemic. Small markets and interstate administrative barriers in the Western Balkans hinder the establishment of new and development of existing enterprises, and cause an outflow of creative human resources. Therefore, it is necessary to promote innovative possibilities of removing barriers for faster circulation of goods, people and capital. The implementation of new models of international marketing could significantly contribute to the intensification of mutual economic cooperation, internationalization of business and attracting foreign investment which are accompanied by the spillover effect. As a result, one could expect the improvement of national economies' competitiveness, increase of exports and gross domestic product and improvement of population living standards. ; Zemlјe Zapadnog Balkana posle raspada bivše Jugoslavije vrlo sporo uspostavlјaju međusobnu privrednu saradnju i zaostaju sa uklјučivanjem u međunarodne privredne tokove, uz pomoć instrumenata međunarodnog marketinga. To značajno umanjuje njihove mogućnosti ubrzanja privrednog razvoja i unapređenja konkurentnosti u uslovima nove ekonomske krize, izazvane pandemijom kovida-19. Mala tržišta i međudržavne administrativne barijere zemalјa Zapadnog Balkana koče osnivanje novih i razvoj postojećih preduzeća, te uzrokuju odliv kreativnih lјudskih resursa. Stoga je potrebno promovisati inovativne mogućnosti uklanjanja barijera za bržu cirkualciju robe, lјudi i kapitala. Primena novih modela međunarodnog marketinga mogla bi značajno doprineti intenziviranju međusobne privredne saradnje, internacionalizaciji poslovanja i privlačenju stranih investicija koje prati spilover efekat. Kao rezultat toga, moglo bi se očekivati unapređenje konkurentnosti privrede ovih zemalјa, povećanje izvoza, povećanje bruto domaćeg proizvoda i standarda stanovništva.

The concept of corporate environmental responsibility is under-implemented in developing countries, especially in those where there is insufficient application of environmental legislation regulating the way in which the business activities of the participants are carried out. In the face of insufficient government support, many multinational corporations, in collaboration with the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, have initiated collective action to adopt best environmental practices in their industries to better protect the environment. It is about adopting green programs, and this is characteristic of corporations in the cement industry, which face many challenges such as: lack of raw materials, depletion of fossil fuel reserves, increased demand for cement and concrete, strong environmental concerns related to climate change. Several different forms of voluntary initiatives can be identified by which multinational corporations seek to achieve more favourable position on the global market, such as: unilateral initiatives initiated by enterprises in the absence of government support, adoption of environmental standards on a voluntary basis have been prescribed by the state, and partnership agreements resulting from the cooperation of public and private actors. This paper reviews individual multinational corporations from the African state of Morocco and how they adopt best environmental practices from other corporations in the cement industry. Adopted environmental practices can increase the capacity of these corporations in the field of environmental protection, and provide them with communication skills that will enhance collaboration and exchange of ideas with other corporations. ; Koncept korporativne ekološke odgovornosti se nedovolјno primenjuje u zemlјama u razvoju, posebno u onim u kojima ne postoji dovolјna primena zakonskih propisa u oblasti zaštite životne sredine koja reguliše način obavlјanja poslovnih aktivnosti učesnika. U uslovima nedovolјne podrške države, mnoge multinacionalne korporacije u saradnji sa Svetskim poslovnim savetom za održivi razvoj su pokrenule kolektivne akcije kako bi usvojile najbolјe ekološke prakse u svojim industrijama u cilјu bolјe zaštite okruženja u kojem se nalaze. Reč je o usvajanju zelenih programa , i to je karakteristično za korporacije u industriji cementa koja se suočava sa brojnim izazovima kao što su: nedostatak sirovina, iscrplјivanje rezervi fosilnih goriva, povećana potražnja za cementom i betonom, izražena ekološka briga povezana sa klimatskim promenama. Moguće je identifikovati nekoliko različitih oblika dobrovolјnih inicijativa putem kojih multinacionalne korporacije nastoje da postignu što povolјniji položaj na globalnom tržištu, i to su: (1) jednostrane inicijative pokrenute od strane preduzeća u odsustvu državne podrške, (2) usvajanje ekoloških standarda na dobrovolјnoj bazi koji su propisani od strane države, i (3) sporazumi u vidu partnerstava nastali kao rezultat saradnje javnih i privatnih učesnika. U radu je dat osvrt na pojedine multinacionalne korporacije iz afričke države Maroko i na način na koji one usvajaju najbolјe ekološke prakse od drugih korporacija u industriji cementa. Usvojene ekološke prakse mogu povećati kapacitete ovih korporacija u domenu zaštite životne sredine, i obezbediti im komunikacione veštine koje će unaprediti saradnju i razmenu ideja sa drugim korporacijama.

In addition to national and international armies - armed forces of states and alliances, paramilitary armed formations (the so-called paramilitary) play aprominent role in contemporary international and non-international armed conflicts. They are made up of so-called voluntary fighters (patriots, contracts), i.e. mercenaries or "looters" (so-called war dogs) within armed formations that are not officially part of, and most often not under the command, of regular armed forces. As a rule, they are formed, armed, equipped, trained, paid and controlled by certain political centers of power - foreign governments and intelligence, hostile political emigration, political parties, criminal and other extremist (pseudo-patriotic, nationalist and para-religious) organizations (the so-called warlords) for whose account the paramilitary formations occupied part of the territory of the sovereign state in which the armed conflict took place and established power on it. They are often associated with numerous war crimes, terrorist attacks and robberies. Since the terms 'warlords', 'paramilitary', 'mercenaries', and 'war dog' are oftenincorrectly usedin everyday communication of media, public and even scholars, this paper attempts to conceptualize and make a clear distinction between these phenomena. ; Осим националних и међународних војски – оружаних снага држава и савеза држава, у савременим међународним и немеђународним оружаним сукобима све значајнију улогу узимају паравојне оружане формације (тзв. паравојске). Њих чине тзв. добровољни борци (патриоте, уговорци), односно плаћеници или "пљачкаши" (тзв. пси рата) који су део наоружаних формација које званично нису у саставу, а најчешће ни под командом регуларних оружаних снага. Паравојске по правилу формирају, наоружавају, опремају, обучавају, плаћају и контролишу извесни политички центри моћи – иностране владе и обавештајне службе, непријатељска политичка емиграција, политичке партије, криминалне и друге екстремистичке (псеудопатриотске, националистичке и параверске) организације (тзв. господари рата) за чији рачун су паравојне формације и заузеле део територије суверене државе у којој се одвија оружани конфликт и на њој "успоставиле власт". За њих се неретко везују бројни ратни злочини, терористички напади и пљачке. Како се у животу, а неретко и у теорији безбедности не разликују и погрешно употребљавају термини "господари рата", "паравојске", плаћеници и "пси рата", у раду је учињен покушај појмовног одређења и дистанцирања ових појава.