The author studied the huge work done by researchers on archival materials and sources related to the history of the economic and political life of Russia in the late XIX-early XX centuries, its institutions and representatives. At the same time, the study sometimes goes beyond the accumulated experience and views of Russian scientists (M. Delyagin, V. Katasonov, M. Khazin, A. Rode and others). The relevant opinions of historians are also presented on the subject indicated in the title of the article (N. Danilevsky, Yu. Zhukov, A. Pyzhikov, etc.). One of the results of the study is a brief analysis of the work on establishing large humanitarian-production complexes. The aim of the study was to systematize theoretical approaches to control for their further application in practice. The reasons for the existence of various conceptual approaches in Russia are the uncritical study and application of controlling by experts from different fields of knowledge and the insufficient, if not competent, filling of both curricula and practices. In addition, for a long time, the specific popular perception of private property and its derivative processes in society was not appreciated. In carrying out this study, the author used the methods of structural and functional analysis, historical-comparative and problem-chronological, as well as the epistemological method. The paper systematizes the existing approaches to the classification of controlling and proposes a format that takes into account the features of the model of the controlling system. It is recommended to use the results of theoretical and methodological studies for training specialists in the field of economics and management, as well as in the real practice of large industrial enterprises.
The paper covers the historical background of entrepreneurship emergence in Russia. The authors assume, that the tendencies contributing to the sole trade creation, had concrete reasons contingent on constant shortage and suppressing of sole trade constituent as well. They were characterized by a certain geographical position along with the people's public life and, what is more, international invasions. Examining some distinctive features of domestic finance formation and market conditions all over the world, Russia was gradually increasing its residents' entrepreneurial agility. However, historically grounded state-bureaucratic structure concerning the masses' interests protection and the businessmen activity regularly sustained that phenomenon. The more the government was striving to regulate and make social development "objective", the more controversial result it was. Instead of taking control over the situation, the public was involved in speculation first and then in egalitarian regression. Independence of entrepreneurial activity may exist if the former management system limits itself. The loss of entrepreneurial base negatively influenced not only the country's financial development, but its financial well-being.
In the modern world the reputation of the company is more and more influenced by its social position.As a result of a longstanding and sustained process of western government capitalist development, a complicated and balanced system of regulating mutual relations between private enterprise, authority, society in the sphere of socioeconomic development of countries and separate territories was formed.Nowadays in different countries business participation in solving social problems is either regulated hard by the commercial, taxation, labour, environmental legislation or independently under the influence of determined motivations and benefits. In Russia this process is under way in the conditions of dominating governmental positions, weak civil society institutions and oligarchic business development.Social changes in the society are successful only when most important powers are involved. The cooperation of political, social and economic subjects, based on the principles of social partnership, contributes to the steady development of the country. The increasing significance of non-financial development factors (social stability, environmental safety) actualize practical and theoretical aspects of social responsibility. ; In the modern world the reputation of the company is more and more influenced by its social position. As a result of a longstanding and sustained process of western government capitalist development, a complicated and balanced system of regulating mutual relations between private enterprise, authority, society in the sphere of socioeconomic development of countries and separate territories was formed.Nowadays in different countries business participation in solving social problems is either regulated hard by the commercial, taxation, labour, environmental legislation or independently under the influence of determined motivations and benefits. In Russia this process is under way in the conditions of dominating governmental positions, weak civil society institutions and oligarchic business development.Social changes in the society are successful only when most important powers are involved. The cooperation of political, social and economic subjects, based on the principles of social partnership, contributes to the steady development of the country. The increasing significance of non-financial development factors (social stability, environmental safety) actualize practical and theoretical aspects of social responsibility. ; Dans le monde moderne la réputation de l'entreprise est de plus en plus sous l'inflluencia de sa position sociale. Comme conséquence d'un processus de beaucoup d'années et soutenu d'un développement occidental capitaliste de gouvernement, un système compliqué et équilibré, de régler des relations mutuelles entre l'entreprise privée, l'autorité, la société dans la sphère de développement socio-économique de pays et de territoires séparés a été formée.De nos jours dans la participation de différente affaire de pays dans la solution de problèmes sociaux il est ou réglé tout près le commercial, des impôts, la législation de travail, environnementale ou par séparé sous l'influence de motivations décidées et d'avantages. En Russie ce processus est dans une marche dans les conditions de dominer des positions gouvernementales, de faibles institutions civiles de société et le développement commercial oligarchique.Des changements sociaux de la société sont seulement atteints quand les pouvoirs les plus importants sont impliqués. La coopération des hommes politiques, sociale et économique il fixe, basé sur les principes de société sociale, contribue au développement stable du pays. L'importance croissante de facteurs non financiers de développement (la stabilité sociale, la sécurité environnementale) actualise les aspects pratiques et théoriques de responsabilité sociale.
The aim of this research was to develop a coherent theoretical proposal for counteracting drug trafficking in Russia and Germany. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical and worldview approach. The latter determined the application of the general principles of cognition to study the current situation of drug abuse in Russia and Germany. Among the results stands out the fact that, previously tested forms of preventive work require careful restructuring and adjustment on the example of the implementation of the Strategy of the State Anti-Drug Policy of the Russian Federation until 2030, which implies the involvement of various actors in the organization of preventive work. In addition, the scientific results of the research include a critical analysis of the legislation on drug trafficking, trends in the drug situation and criminological study of persons involved in drug trafficking. In conclusion, the authors provided a legal formulation of certain areas of the fight against drug trafficking in the Russian Federation and Germany.
This article is devoted to litigation in the field of intellectual rights on scenario works in Russia, as well as to the legislative basis of intellectual property objects. The most important features of the scenario work as an object of copyright are considered. The concept of the scenario work is defined, examples of judicial practice in Russia related to the protection of scenario works are given. The spectrum of civil-law ways of protecting these rights is analyzed in case of their violation or contestation by third parties. The issue of the presence or absence of discretionary powers of courts in determining the amount of compensation for protecting the violated exclusive right to a scenario work is under consideration.
Corporate social responsibility is focused on finding ways to harmonize the relationship between business, government and society. Russian companies are unique because they are between the Soviet past and the present Market. According to the Russian government, social responsibility is a kind of "payoff" for privatization, in which the state property was given to new owners. While capitalization is one of the most important criteria in international practice, in Russia it is the creation of political conditions favorable for running and developing businesses.
[ES] La lucha dinástica española (1833-1840) tuvo repercusiones en Europa, tanto por el interés de ambos contendientes por lograr apoyos exteriores, como por las consecuencias de la política derivada del Congreso de Viena (1814), en el que se adoptaron medidas para mantener inalterable el mapa político europeo. Si bien las Potencias Moderadas (Austria, Prusia y Rusia) actuaron conjuntamente bajo la dirección del príncipe Metternich, los carlistas tenían cifradas grandes esperanzas en que el impulso ruso hiciese bascular a los demás países en su favor. La lejanía del conflicto, su mayor interés por las cuestiones de Oriente y la escasa confianza en la futura actuación del Pretendiente carlista son algunos de los principales factores que intervinieron en el débil apoyo del Imperio zarista. ; [EN] The Spanish dynastic conflict (1833-1840) had a wide echo in Europe; the contending parts needed foreign help and the war affected the policy designed in the Congress of Vienna (1814), whose main object was to preserve the political map of Europe unaltered. Although Eastern Powers (Austria, Prussia and Russia) followed a single course of action under Metternich, the Carlists hoped that Russian favour would incline them to their side. But the support of the Tsarist Empire was weak and remained always so; the Carlist War was a remote conflict unrelated to its eastern ambitions and Russian authorities did not fully trust the Pretender's future policies. ; Peer reviewed
The article studies aftereffects of restructuring the Russian system of education and personnel training and shows the participation of Russia international academic mobility in the 21st century. It also touches upon the issue of attracting foreign students to overseas universities in conditions of globalization of education service market. The authors analyze the processes taking place in the present and potential 'suppliers' of high school and university students, post-graduate students, trainees and young researchers and study the impact of these processes on the increase in population incomes, demographic situation in the country or region as a whole. The novelty of the research in connected with the education sphere analysis. The authors point out to the important role of students in political life and public movements. Establishing, intensifying and broadening direct partner's links among universities of member-states of EAEU and CIS can foster the development of long-term cooperation in post-soviet space. The article puts forward recommendations for the project aimed at upgrading the training of specialists for foreign countries in Russian universities, mainly for member-states of CIS, post-soviet space and countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America.
The article considers the application of artificial intelligence systems in criminal proceedings. In jurisprudence, it is possible to use information technologies through the introduction of electronic document management and remote holding of court sessions. However, the question of automating decision making remains open, especially in the field of criminal procedure. The purpose of the present study was to identify the positive and negative features of artificial intelligence systems operating in the criminal practice of various countries and to consider the possibility of introducing such systems into the Russian criminal process, taking into account their compliance with their purpose and principles. The methodology included a systematic method of scientific cognition, a comparative legal method and a formal logical method, etc. During the research, the regulatory and legal framework of different countries was studied, which makes it possible to apply artificial intelligence systems in criminal proceedings, as well as to assess the work of foreign and Russian researchers in this field. It is concluded that the implementation of such principles as: the independence of judges and the adversarial nature of the parties in criminal proceedings are difficult in a legal framework dominated by artificial intelligence.
The paper presents the current state of innovative entrepreneurship in Russia and foreign countries, which occupies a significant share in the creation of GDP in the economies of developed countries, and also attracts researchers from different countries due to the lack of a unified theory of technological entrepreneurship. One of the reasons which prevent raising the level of innovation in the Russian economy is a low level of activity of technological entrepreneurship entities. Features of technological entrepreneurship predetermine the need to develop measures of regulation, financing, etc. adapted to its specifics. The influence of macroeconomic dynamics on the development of innovative entrepreneurship in Russia is shown, and a comparative analysis of innovative entrepreneurship in Russia and the European Union as an example of developed economies is conducted. The presence of cultural and behavioral barriers to the further development of technological entrepreneurship in Russia is revealed, a conclusion is made about the decisive influence of macroeconomic dynamics and the steady development of the institutional environment for the implementation of technological innovation by small businesses.
ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of research of the current economic security in the northern region of Russia. The paper covers the influence of the National Technological Initiative system of Russia on economic security in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra. The main aim of the study is to explore the issues and prospects for ensuring economic security in the northern oil-and-gas producing regions of Russia as a course of priority of the policy of the government in the northern region. The authors conducted a system analysis and assessed the scientific and technical, technological, and innovative objectives of the regional economic development.RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación de la seguridad económica actual en la región norte de Rusia. El documento cubre la influencia del sistema de Iniciativa Tecnológica Nacional de Rusia sobre la seguridad económica en el Okrug Autónomo Khanty-Mansi - Ugra. El objetivo principal del estudio es explorar los problemas y las perspectivas para garantizar la seguridad económica en las regiones productoras de petróleo y gas del norte de Rusia como un curso prioritario de la política del gobierno en la región norte. Los autores realizaron un análisis del sistema y evaluaron los objetivos científicos y técnicos, tecnológicos e innovadores del desarrollo económico regional.
The COVID-19 pandemic is highly infectious, so it paralyzed the health systems of many countries causing a high mortality rate. Official data on COVID-19 deaths at many sites are questioned, and the figures are considered several times higher than official data. In this sense, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the natural movement of the population and, in addition, to evaluate the real mortality rate from COVID-19 in Russia from the construction of predictive mortality models. The study used data from the World Health Organization and the Statistical Service of the Federal State of Russia; se used linear and polynomial models to construct mortality models. The study revealed an underestimation of the official COVID-19 death rate by 2.4 to 6.8 times, depending on the data source. There was a sharp increase in mortality in Russia in 2020 among people over 50 years of age, and with the increase in age, mortality increased. The main reasons for the sharp increase in mortality were coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases, among others.
The aim of the research was to assess the specific levels of fixed capital investment per capita in all regions of Russia. The research was based on official 2019 statistics on the volume of fixed capital investments in 82 regions of Russia, as well as data on the population. In the research, the analysis of clusters associated with the unification of the objects studied in relatively homogeneous groups based on the study of the values of the compared indicators was applied. The normal distribution function was used in modelling to estimate the distribution of specific values for most regions. The following results and conclusions were obtained: it has been shown that the formation of five groups is optimal. In addition, it was shown that in 2019 nine regions were characterized by an extremely high level of investment due to the tasks of their strategic development to meet federal challenges. They also identified regions with relatively low values of specific investments in fixed assets. Everything indicates that specific investment values have a significant differentiation in several regions of Russia.