Os estudos sobre a história da educação escolarizada, pública ou particular e sobre suas práticas pedagógicas têm avançado muito nos últimos anos, em parte graças às imbricações teórico-metodológicas de pesquisas que transitam tanto no campo da história da educação quanto no campo que se convencionou chamar cultura escolar. Esses estudos têm contribuído, entre outros, desde a década de 1990, para dessacralizar antigos mitos historiográficos, entre os quais os que buscaram interpretar as políticas e a legislação estatais, seus embates, seus pressupostos e suas realizações, muitas vezes como não realizações e/ou como realizações de cópias de políticas educacionais gestadas em contextos alhures.
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Basierend auf einem qualitativ angelegten Forschungsprojekt stellt der Beitrag die Potenziale eines holistischen Begriffes von Schulkultur vor. Aus dem Vergleich zweier Gymnasien, die in einer umfassend konzipierten Feldforschung untersucht wurden, werden die Spezifika von Schulkulturen deutlich. Sie ergeben sich aus dem Zusammenspiel aller an einer Schule beteiligten Akteursgruppen und der Schulanlage. Anhand von Räumen und ihrer Nutzung wird die Unterschiedlichkeit von Schulkulturen aufgezeigt und damit auf die Relevanz eines ganzheitlichen Schulkulturbegriffes auch in der Bildungspolitik hingewiesen. (DIPF/Orig.) ; Based on a qualitatively designed research project, the authors present the potentials of a holistic concept of school culture. By comparing two secondary schools, examined in comprehensively designed fieldwork, the specifics of school cultures are revealed. They result from the interplay of all groups of actors linked to a school and the school facilities. By looking at different rooms and their use, the diversity of school cultures is outlined and, thus, the relevance of a holistic concept of school culture to be used in educational policy is pointed out. (DIPF/Orig.)
Originariamente uma aula magna proferida num concurso para professor titular, o artigo reúne instrumentos para uma reflexão sobre a relação entre escola e cultura, tendo em vista a coincidência que se costuma estabelecer entre a instituição escolar e a cultura. Essa coincidência, à priori impossível, realiza-se na prática, ainda que seja contestada, pois como a história registra, ela é feita com o uso de recursos de grande brutalidade. Primeiramente discute-se como a cultura (definida como o conjunto de atividades que fornece descrições do mundo por meio da "livre expressão") é vivida na prática da instituição escolar. Em seguida, são mostradas as fórmulas políticas que escondem a relação de força por trás da obra da institucionalização da escola, a qual, fundando-se na premissa de que só ela é eficiente para educar os indivíduos, vem se apresentando como solução duradoura para o dilema. Procura-se demonstrar que o dilema da coincidência entre escola e cultura existe porque fórmulas sedutoras conseguem esconder o segredo de uma lógica que repousa nas relações de força existentes na obra de construção do Estado Nacional da qual nós, assim como a escola, somos produto. Nesse contexto, a análise da relação escola versus cultura é feita em analogia com a que vincula Estado versus nação. ; Originally a lecture given as part of the examination for a Professorship in School and Culture, this article brings together elements for a reflection about the relationship between School and Culture in view of the identification customarily established between the school institution and the culture. Such identification, a priori impossible, is actualized in practice, despite contestation, because, as history registers, it is impinged with great brutality. Initially, the text discusses how Culture (defined as the set of activities that give descriptions of the world through "free expression") is experienced in the practice of the school institution. Next, the article describes the political formulae that conceal the force relationship behind the process of institutionalization of School. The latter, based on the premise that it is the only efficient means to educate individuals, has been presenting itself as the enduring solution to the dilemma. It is argued that the dilemma of the identification of School and Culture exists because alluring formulae manage to hide the secret of a logic that rests upon the force relationships existing in the work of construction of a National State of which we, just as the school, are products. In this context, the analysis of the School versus Culture relationship is made in analogy to that of the State versus Nation linkage.
Different authors stress that traditional culture is still the most common culture in schools. This culture prefers high educational goals, high expectations and productivity. Under such circumstances, there is no room for cooperation and helping each other. On the contrary, these stimulate competitiveness that causes tension between the participants. One of the fundamental aims of today's and future education is also to stimulate cooperation that provides each individual with the strength to come to known him or herself and to behave in accordance with his or her tradition and beliefs, while at the same time staying open to other and different people. This can be achieved only in a culture of good relationships that includes the values of tolerance, solidarity, critical thinking and independence. Research has shown that collaborative culture also has many other benefits over traditional culture reflecting itself in the well-being and effectiveness of teachers and students and also in the development of the institution as a whole. Nowadays, it is impossible to imagine effective schools without cooperation at all school levels. Since school culture is a relatively stable phenomenon, it takes a long time to change and such a change cannot be achieved with external orders. The most important initial step towards changing school culture is that all school staff realise its importance, influence and extent in creating an effective school. This can be a starting point and encouragement to think about the existing school climate, make plans for the future and find ways to change it.
"Die theoretisch begründete Skepsis gegenüber einer gelingenden Verbindung von Kunst und Schule steht realgeschichtlich einer vielgestaltigen kunstorientierten Arbeit an Schulen gegenüber, die derzeit durch den Ausbau der Ganztagsschule noch vorangetrieben wird. In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse aus einer Schulkulturanalyse präsentiert, die das kunstbetonte Schulprogramm einer Regelgrundschule in einem sozialen Brennpunktgebiet als in die symbolische Ordnung der Schulkultur eingegangenes ausweisen. Weiterhin werden die aus der Kunstbetonung resultierenden schulkulturellen Strukturproblematiken und die zentralen strukturellen Widersprüche herausgearbeitet: Die Orientierung am realitätsentlasteten Modus ästhetischer Erfahrung legitimiert die Ausblendung der krisenhaften Einbettung der Schule. Diese Form der Krisenlösung stößt jedoch an strukturelle Grenzen, denn auch an einer kunstbetonten Schule bleibt die Schulkultur auf die Vermittlung universell gültiger Wissensbestände bezogen." (Autorenreferat)
This study aims to describe the factors forming the extraversion personality of students at Nurul Ilmi Middle School Medan. The research sample consisted of 60 students taken with Simple Random Sampling techniques from all classes. This research is a quantitative descriptive research that is to find out the value of variables independently with correlation techniques. The instruments used in this study were the scale of big five personality, the scale of parenting, the scale of the teacher's personality, the scale of peer conformity and the scale of school culture. The results of the study using multiple linear regression analysis showed that democratic parenting provided the most effective contribution in shaping the extraversion of students compared to other variables. While the teacher personality variables and permissive parenting contributes negatively to the formation of students' extraversion personalities. Thus, it can be concluded that increasing democratic parenting, peer conformity, and school culture can shape the personality of students' extraversion is increasing. Article visualizations:
First, the paper states some distinct political debates on the presence of religion in educational institutions and some relevant case law on this issue. In the second section, the paper deals with J. S. Mill's ideas on education, in order to provide a normative framework of liberal education. The following sections deal with the specific ways in which Italy, France and USA treat the education, religious or not, of religions in the curricula. The final section contrasts the religious education model, on the one hand, and the teaching of the «religious fact» model, on the other; as well as the philosophical and political assumptions of both alternatives. ; Tras exponer algunos debates políticos sobre la presencia de la religión en las instituciones educativas, así como la jurisprudencia al respecto, se repasan las ideas de J. S. Mill sobre la enseñanza, con la finalidad de ofrecer un marco normativo de la educación liberal. A continuación se presentan los casos concretos de Italia, Francia y Estados Unidos, referidos a la enseñanza, confesional o no, de la religión en los planes de estudio oficiales. En la última sección se contrapone el modelo de la enseñanza confesional al de la enseñanza del hecho religioso, y los presupuestos filosófico-políticos de ambas alternativas.
Tras exponer algunos debates políticos sobre la presencia de la religión en las instituciones educativas, así como la jurisprudencia al respecto, se repasan las ideas de J. S. Mill sobre la enseñanza, con la finalidad de ofrecer un marco normativo de la educación liberal. A continuación se presentan los casos concretos de Italia, Francia y Estados Unidos, referidos a la enseñanza, confesional o no, de la religión en los planes de estudio oficiales. En la última sección se contrapone el modelo de la enseñanza confesional al de la enseñanza del hecho religioso, y los presupuestos filosófico-políticos de ambas alternativas. ; First, the paper states some distinct political debates on the presence of religion in educational institutions and some relevant case law on this issue. In the second section, the paper deals with J. S. Mill's ideas on education, in order to provide a normative framework of liberal education. The following sections deal with the specific ways in which Italy, France and USA treat the education, religious or not, of religions in the curricula. The final section contrasts the religious education model, on the one hand, and the teaching of the «religious fact» model, on the other; as well as the philosophical and political assumptions of both alternatives. ; Este trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto del MICINN, «La religión en el espacio público democrático. Formas de laicidad» (FFI2009-07433).
Im Kontext verstärkter Fluchtmigration(en) nach Deutschland, insbesondere im Zuge des Syrienkrieges, sind zahlreiche Initiativen für, von und mit 'Geflüchtete(n)' entstanden, von denen aktuell viele mit Schulen kooperieren. Basierend auf qualitativen Interviews beschäftigt sich dieser Beitrag mit den Perspektiven zivilgesellschaftlicher Initiativen auf schulische Diskriminierung von Schüler_innen mit (zugeschriebener) Flucht-/Migrationsgeschichte sowie hierauf bezogene Schulentwicklungsprozesse. Identifiziert und analysiert werden verschiedene Spannungsfelder, in denen sich die Kooperation zwischen außerschulischen Bildungsinitiativen und Schulen bewegt, die sowohl behördliche Förderlogiken, machtvolle migrationsgesellschaftliche Diskurse als auch schulische Routinen im Umgang mit Diversität und Differenz tangieren. Über die Analyse werden Potentiale und Herausforderungen hinsichtlich der Bearbeitung von (rassistischer) Diskriminierung im Rahmen der Kooperationen deutlich ebenso wie die Bedeutung eines Verständnisses von diskriminierungssensibler Professionalität als Fähigkeit, mit widersprüchlichen Anforderungen umzugehen.
In any academic institution two action levels with regards to school organization can be found. On the one hand, the macro-political level basically concerned with educative legislation and how these rule educative institutions. On the other hand, the micro-political level concerning school priorities. Along this book chapter we will provide a research based on how the macro and the micro political levels should handle together. Hence, we will basically provide an updated theoretical framework focusing on the most relevant trends. Moreover, we will keep on with a deep analysis of how stakeholders and active agents promote and develop curricular prescriptions. Finally, we will analyze and discuss how far the implementation of educative principles contributes to enhance the students' interests and assumes their needs for a better teaching-learning process. ; W każdej instytucji akademickiej można znaleźć dwa poziomy pracy nad organizacją szkoły. Jest to poziom makropolityki skupiony na legislacji edukacyjnej i jej wdrażaniu w instytucjach edukacyjnych, a także poziom mikropolityki i priorytetów szkolnych. W pracy zaprezentowano badania dotyczące współdziałania makro- i mikropolityki. Autorzy przedstawili zaktualizowane ramy teoretyczne dotyczące najistotniejszych trendów. Ponadto ukazano promocję i rozwój programów nauczania poprzez wykorzystanie interesariuszy i aktywistów. Przeprowadzono analizę i dyskusję dotyczącą implementacji zasad edukacyjnych przyczyniających się do rozszerzenia zainteresowań uczniów oraz realizowania ich potrzeb w procesie nauczania – uczenia się.
In: Chapter IN: Power, Legal Education, and Law School Cultures Meera E. Deo, Mindie Lazarus-Black, Elizabeth Mertz, editors, New York, NY : Routledge, 2020
Various changes in the spheres of education policy and school management over recent decades have sparked a renewed interest in the issue of school culture and its potential to understand processes of leadership and academic performance. What are the contributions and potentialities of organizational culture for understanding school organizations and their leadership processes? This article has two goals: (i) to identify trends and theoretical particularities inherent to the major approaches to organizational culture, focusing on research carried out in the school setting; (ii) to debate the heuristic usefulness of a theoretical proposal for studying organizational culture in the school setting. The article presents a multidimensional analysis of school organizational culture, considering political, social and educational factors, aiming to capture the unique nature of school cultures and their links to processes of leadership and management. By linking these to different leadership perspectives, this model may inspire further comparative study of educational management in an international context. This approach demonstrates the need to tailor models for analysing organizational culture to the school environment, to achieve a deeper and more solid understanding of school life and leadership and management phenomena.