Suchergebnisse

Study purpose is to determine the signs of legal security on the basis of existing scientific views and current legislation, excluding its overly broad understanding, leading to the fact that any legal requirement is included in the content of national security. Methodology: the basis is the dialectical method of cognition of the facts of social reality, on which the formal legal and comparative legal approaches are largely based. The methods of analysis and synthesis, abstraction, deduction and induction have found their application both individually and as part of other methods. Main content. We analyzed the features of legal security: normative; legal system stability; focus on eliminating legal threats and others, as well as criticized the widespread understanding of legal security as a form of national security. Conclusions. It is proved that it is necessary to distinguish between such phenomena as legal security and legal security as a form of national security, while the latter is part of legal security. In general, the entire block of legal security is not included in the content of national security.

The sphere of security plays an important role in the domestic and foreign policy of states. In this regard, the object of the study were security threats that determine stability in Ukraine and Pakistan. The authors used the method of comparative analysis to draw parallels between the security of Ukraine and Pakistan and identify possible ways to improve it. It is concluded that, both Ukraine and Pakistan are quite geopolitically distant, have different histories and state-building processes, but are affected by traditional and "non-traditional" security threats. Definitely, the main unifying factor for the states is the antagonistic or "enemy" state - India for Pakistan and Russia for Ukraine, which becomes a catalyst for the formation of national identity and unity of society. The conflicts in Pakistan (Kashmir, Baluchistan and Pashtunistan) and Ukraine (war in Donbass, illegal annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation) have had common consequences and mechanisms for overcoming them, which are implemented in the context of the internal and state policy of both Kiev and Islamabad.

This article examines the recent history of Colombia from the perspective of security -understood as a political and multidimensional issue. It analyses primarily the tendency to militarize security and the consequences this brings to democracy, but touches upon other dimensions of security as well. It starts in the mid-Twentieth Century with the professionalization of the military forces and the development of military autonomy in the handling of public order. However, most of the article deals with the policy of Democratic Security developed by Alvaro Uribe's administration, and includes the changes brought about by Juan Manuel Santos' the first year of government. The article ends by identifying some challenges to security today. ; Este artículo recorre la historia contemporánea del país desde el ángulo de la seguridad, entendida como un asunto político pluridimensional. Su eje es la tendencia de militarización de la seguridad y sus consecuencias para la democracia. En él se incorporan otras dimensiones según lo requiera el análisis. La profesionalización militar y el desarrollo de la autonomía militar en el manejo del orden público, durante las décadas de mediados del siglo pasado, son la base del análisis de fondo. Éste se centra en los altibajos de la política de Seguridad Democrática del gobierno de Álvaro Uribe y termina con lo ocurrido en materia de seguridad durante el primer año del gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos. El artículo finaliza identificando algunos desafíos de la seguridad en la actualidad.

Resumen: La seguridad internacional es algo más que la ausencia de inseguridad e inestabilidad en las relaciones entre agentes sociales tanto nacionales como internacionales. Como "bien relacional" presupone una serie de condiciones para poder darse.Palabras clave: Seguridad, concepciones de la seguridad, seguridad nacional, seguridad militar, seguridad económica, desarrollo humano.Abstract: Originally, international security was conceived in a restrictive sense as national, state, or military security. Different circumstances, events, and the theorizing about them, however, have led to broaden and to deepen the conception of it.Keywords: Security, security conception, national security, militar security, economic security, human development.

The goal of the article is to identify cybersecurity issues as a component of national security and suggest ways to solve them. The topic of the research is the cyber security of Ukraine. In the course of the research, the following methods were used: dialectical method, formal and legal method, comparative-legal method and scientific abstraction method. As a result, the legal acts governing cybersecurity in Ukraine are analyzed, the cyber security actors are determined and their functions are defined. Practical implementation. There is a need to establish and implement an annual plan for the implementation of the Cyber Security Strategy, which should detail the actions to ensure cyber security, identify specific measures, deadlines and responsible actors. It is concluded that, ways to improve the cybersecurity system (as part of national security), which will update the legal mechanisms of cybersecurity, create cybersecurity infrastructure at the global level, establish effective interaction between cybersecurity actors regardless of their departmental affiliation and / or form of ownership, including with the owners of critical infrastructure and non-state owned information), are in their primary phase.

Partiendo de la tesis de que el tema de la seguridad compromete a varios discursos, filosóficos, politológicos, sociológicos, cuya fuerza de penetración tiene que ver con los cambios sociales, simbólicos y culturales que atañen al mismo ámbito criminal, este ensayo analiza, antes que todo, la variedad y pluralidad de los significados del concepto "seguridad". Luego, la autora se interesa por los diferentes niveles (global, de la Unión Europea y local nacional) de la seguridad, subrayando la importancia de la perspectiva de género, que sigue siendo muy poco estudiada en la literatura sobre esta materia. Finalmente, muestra cómo el tema de la seguridad incide de forma relevante en el tema criminal, volviendo a trazar sus confines: de la criminalización de nuevos comportamientos a la afirmación de medidas administrativas que tienden a criminalizar determinadas categorías y grupos de personas, que se consideran potencialmente peligrosas. Starting from the assumption that the security issue involves a number of subjects –philosophy, political science, sociology– whose pervasiveness is related to social, symbolic and cultural mutations about criminal issue, this essay analyzes, first of all, the many and various meanings of the security issue. In the second place, the authoress focuses on the different levels (global, within the European Community and national) of security, underlining the importance of genre perspective, so far lacking in the literature about this subject. Finally, she shows how the security issue affects considerably the criminal issue, determining its new borders: from criminalization of new behaviors to the rising of administrative measures that tend to criminalize specific categories and groups of people classified as potentially dangerous.

The proposals to modify the Law number 100 of 1993 that were presented in the regional forum on social security held in Bogotá at the beginning of 1999 are examined. Based on 53 documents, the different kinds of proposals are presented, as well as the tendencies underlying them and the coincidences and divergences that are found between the different acting parts in the social security system. The most frequent subjects, in which most of the proposals were inscribed, were the mechanisms for government control, the subsidized regimen, the benefit plans, the information system and social participation. An outline for the analysis of the main problems that are recognized by the different acting parts in the social security system is presented, with emphasis on the need for scenarios of debate where the bases for guaranteeing the right to integral social security are discussed. ; Se examinan las propuestas de reforma a la Ley 100 de 1993, presentadas en el Foro Regional sobre Seguridad Social en Salud, llevado a cabo en Bogotá a comienzos de 1999. Con base en 53 documentos se describen los tipos de propuestas, las tendencias que subyacen a las mismas y algunas de las confluencias y divergencias que se encuentran entre diversos actores del Sistema de Seguridad Social. Los temas más frecuentes, en los cuales se inscribían las propuestas, fueron los mecanismos de control estatal, el régimen subsidiado, los planes de beneficios, el sistema de información y la participación social. Se presenta un esquema de análisis de los principales problemas que son reconocidos por actores del Sistema de Seguridad Social en Salud, y se remarca la necesidad de escenarios de debate donde se esclarezcan las bases para garantizar el derecho que tenemos a una íntegra seguridad social.

After the Cold War a transition occurred in the international relations paradigm, where it was necessary to redefine which was considered as a threat to international security. As a result, human security doctrine was established which suggested that the international security agenda should focus on people and their needs, rather than states. In the globalized and interrelated world, we live nowadays, infectious diseases spread rapidly, and their consequences can be catastrophic. Hence, pandemics should be considered an international security threat. This paper aims to examine the COVID-19 pandemic as such. We discuss the development from international security towards human security, health security as a theoretical framework, the evolution of the pandemic in context of modern international security paradigm and international health security enforcement, and the securitization of the pandemic. In conclusion, based on the evidence presented, it is clear that the COVID-19 has severe effect on the international community, both in human lives and global economic, and has been securitized.

The study is relevant as the category of "national security" is multilevel. The work reveals the characteristics and components of this system. The concept of national security exists all over the world. It is one of the most important types of security and is studied by academics from different countries. Furthermore, the concept of national security means a set of scientific and theoretical ideas, opinions and views that dominate in each society and is a subjective reflection of objective ties and national security relations in the public consciousness. From a documentary methodology the article aims to study the legal nature and essence of national security. It is concluded that the genesis of this concept tracks the dialectical interaction of objective and subjective factors. The legal regulation of national security is a comprehensive and multifaceted process based on a complex system of legal rules and regulations. The most significant ones are analyzed in this study. However, academics have not considered all the legal components of national security.

Este artículo explora un concepto de seguridad energética sustentable fincada en el bienestar de la sociedad mexicana y que integra los compromisos asumidos en el Acuerdo de París ante la Convención Marco de Cambio Climático de la ONU (CNUMCC), en 2015 y ratificado en septiembre de 2016 por el Senado. Analiza el concepto de seguridad energética en el contexto internacional y en el mexicano, examina la evolución de la extracción de hidrocarburos, los impactos geopolíticos en los precios globales del crudo, los conflictos, las repercusiones en las finanzas públicas y en Petróleos Mexicanos, así como el incremento de actores ilegales que roban los combustibles fósiles. El texto propone que la crisis actual en los precios de los hidrocarburos abre a México la posibilidad de estimular las energías renovables, que el país posee en abundancia, si bien el gobierno mexicano ha fincado su seguridad energética en hidrocarburos fósiles y pretende cumplir con los compromisos internacionales produciendo energía limpia mediante inversión extranjera. Finalmente, se propone un concepto holístico de seguridad energética que integra factores de seguridad humana, ambiental, económica, societal y de género, que abre a México la posibilidad de una política energética a largo plazo, fincada en la sustentabilidad, la equidad y el bienestar ciudadano colectivo.