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This model provides a framework for helping to understand and analyze the airport security problem. By modeling the security process, and identifying the weak points, we were able to make recommendations for possible Federal initiatives through legislative or management action to close the identified security loopholes. Passenger flow through the ticket counter, security station, and gate, which potentially includes terrorists, is modeled and quantified. A probability model estimates the probability of a terrorist escaping detection at the various stations. This probability is a function of the reliability of a proposed security database and the reliability of security equipment. The influence of these reliabilities on the probability of non detection is studied. In addition, a commonly overlooked security problem -- overloading security personnel with passenger traffic to the extent that they are distracted from thoroughly checking passengers - - is modeled and analyzed. Model quantitative results are used to delineate the implications for changes in security policy at the nation's airports.

In Kosovo, the concept of human security is invoked in a three-fold manner. First of all, the international community has applied human security for the purpose of maintaining a fragile peace and stability in Kosovo. For the international community, maintaining the fragile peace meant tolerating the establishment and operationalization of Serbian parallel institutions. This leads to the second application of human security: the parallel institutions claim that their existence is necessary to provide human security for the Serbian community in Kosovo. Consequently, this undermines the capacity of Kosovo's public institutions to exercise legal authority in the north of Kosovo and in other territorial enclaves. Parallel to this, Kosovo's institutions have viewed the human security approach as a means to prove the institutional capacity of independent self-government to provide inclusive security, welfare, and integration policies for all people in Kosovo, with a special emphasis on ethnic minorities. Accordingly, human security is used by different actors in Kosovo to pursue different political agendas, which have not resulted in achieving the primary goal of furthering human welfare and fulfilment beyond mere physical security. To the contrary, the (ab)use of human security has created the conditions for fragile governance, protracted ethnic destabilization, and stagnating economic and human development.

In 1995 Finland joined the European Union (EU). This action culminated several years of a fundamental reorientation of Finnish security policy as Finland moved from the neutrality imposed on it by the Soviet Union to a policy with a priority on European integration through the European Union. Finland, in joining the EU, has retained its independent defense and security posture, even as it seeks to strengthen its standing abroad and gain added leverage, through the EU, for dealing with Russia. Finland's odyssey indicates much about two fundamental issues in European security: coping with Russia's crises, and the interrelationship between the EU and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as providers of security for small states in Europe. Furthermore, Finland's proximity to Russia and the difficult history of Fenno-Russian relations have imposed on Finnish policymakers the need for penetrating and sober analysis of Finland's and Europe's security situation. Therefore, Finland's evolution from an imposed neutrality to overt participation in European integration merits our careful scrutiny and attention. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1872/thumbnail.jpg

"Supersedes AFR 130-1, 6 November 1987"--P. [1]. ; "16 December 1991." ; Shipping list no.: 92-112-P. ; "Writer-editor: R.M. Downey"--P. [1]. ; Caption title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

There are many security risks to the organizations' information assets; nonetheless, among the major threats to achieve a secure information environment are the actions and behavior of the employees when handling information. Insiders, intentionally or unintentionally, can cause serious risks, despite investments usually made on security control measures and other security related products. Insecure human behavior with respect to information security cannot entirely be solved by technical and procedural controls alone. Recently, the development of effective information security culture in organizations is increasingly considered as a way to embed appropriate security practices, and to address the human factor in information security. Past research works on this area indicate that there is a positive relationship between levels of knowledge and how employees behave. The level of knowledge significantly affects information security behavior and should be considered as a critical factor in the effectiveness of information security culture and in any further work that is carried out on information security culture. Therefore, in this paper we have identified the security knowledge required to improve employee behavior in information security culture namely; knowledge of security threat, knowledge of organization information security strategy, knowledge of security technology, knowledge of legislation, regulation and national culture, knowledge of security responsibility and knowledge of security risk. These security knowledge needs to be included as topics in security training and awareness programs conducted by organizations for their employees so that an effective information security culture within the organization can be achieved. Keywords: Information Security, Information Security Culture, Human Behavior and Security knowledge.

On 17th June 2011, in response to the Arab Spring events in neighbouring countries, King Mohamed VI of Morocco presented in a speech, reform proposals focusing on constitutional changes. Significantly, in his speech the King insisted that appointments in the military 'remain an exclusive, sovereign prerogative of the King, Supreme Commander and Chief-of-Staff of the Royal Armed Forces', while officials in charge of inter alia domestic security agencies will be appointed by him on a proposal of the Head of Government and at the initiative of the ministers concerned. Thus, Morocco's ruler, who has pursued domestic reforms in the past, and has been hailed for his response to the unrest, stopped short of establishing democratic control of the security sector. This lack of willingness to touch upon the role and powers of the security sector is symptomatic of the regimes of countries in North Africa, that have traditionally relied on the security sector, in particular the military, the police and secret and intelligence services, to shore up their authoritarian or semi-authoritarian rule, and that have focused on regime security rather than human security. ; N/A

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "GAO testified about how homeland security is vulnerable to identity fraud. Today, counterfeit identification is easily produced and used to create fraudulent identities. Tests GAO has performed over the past 3 years demonstrate that counterfeit identification documents can be used to (1) enter the United States; (2) purchase firearms; (3) gain access to government buildings and other facilities; (4) obtain genuine identification for both fictitious and stolen identities; and (5) obtain social security numbers for fictitious identities."

The Covid-19 pandemic has clearly highlighted the dangers of an economic globalization that has little respect for environmental standards and is always threatened by the belligerent actions of the great powers in the never-ending race for economic, strategic and political power. In this context, the Thucydides trap of world leadership between the United States and China cannot fail to worry the citizens of the world. At the same time, the threats of "rogue states" and terrorism have not disappeared. What then are the new forms of state power, but also what are the greatest threats shaking the world in the 21st century? Environmental and economic conflicts will be dangerous. The ecological and economic catastrophes (global warming, rare earths, transformation of production methods, excessive inequalities) are underway, close to the tipping point. The liberal economic system is not able to solve it, with the individual interest priority.

The Covid-19 pandemic has clearly highlighted the dangers of an economic globalization that has little respect for environmental standards and is always threatened by the belligerent actions of the great powers in the never-ending race for economic, strategic and political power. In this context, the Thucydides trap of world leadership between the United States and China cannot fail to worry the citizens of the world. At the same time, the threats of "rogue states" and terrorism have not disappeared. What then are the new forms of state power, but also what are the greatest threats shaking the world in the 21st century? Environmental and economic conflicts will be dangerous. The ecological and economic catastrophes (global warming, rare earths, transformation of production methods, excessive inequalities) are underway, close to the tipping point. The liberal economic system is not able to solve it, with the individual interest priority.

The Covid-19 pandemic has clearly highlighted the dangers of an economic globalization that has little respect for environmental standards and is always threatened by the belligerent actions of the great powers in the never-ending race for economic, strategic and political power. In this context, the Thucydides trap of world leadership between the United States and China cannot fail to worry the citizens of the world. At the same time, the threats of "rogue states" and terrorism have not disappeared. What then are the new forms of state power, but also what are the greatest threats shaking the world in the 21st century? Environmental and economic conflicts will be dangerous. The ecological and economic catastrophes (global warming, rare earths, transformation of production methods, excessive inequalities) are underway, close to the tipping point. The liberal economic system is not able to solve it, with the individual interest priority.

National power can be strengthened with the support of another state or group of countries to increase the deterrent capacity that the combination of standard or mutual interests ruling out possible aggression. Collective Security is effective only when three primary conditions are met: ● The Collective Security system should be able to deploy a force sufficiently capable of taking advantage over a potential offender or coalition of offenders to discourage any attack; ● Nations that are part of the Collective Security system must have the same conception of Security and be willing to defend it; and ● These nations must be prone to revaluate their conflicting political interests in the name of the collective interest to put in place the necessary defensive measures.

Bu araştırmada, Körfez'de güvenlik sorunları, bölgesel güvenliğin temel faktör ve aktörleri, Körfez'de bölgesel güvenlik yapılanmaları ve Körfez İşbirliği Konseyi (KİK) çerçevesinde bölgesel güvenlik sistemi ele alınmıştır. Bu konuların analizi çerçevesinde Körfez güvenliğinin bölgesel ve küresel boyutlara sahip olması nedeniyle, sadece bölgesel-küresel karşılıklı güvenlik bağımlılığı ilişkisi bağlamında Körfez'de çok taraflı kolektif güvenlik mekanizmasının işlevsel olabileceği temel argüman olarak ileri sürülmüştür. Körfez güvenliğinin bölgesel ve küresel boyutunun dikkate alınmadığı KİK örneğinden hareketle, Körfez'de bölgesel bir güvenlik mekanizmasının etkinlik gösteremeyeceği hipotezi vurgulanmaktadır. Buna göre, KİK oluşumunda yukarıdaki bu parametrenin dikkate alınmaması nedeniyle, kurulduğu günden bugüne kadar daime etkinlik krizi ile karşı karşıya kalmış ve bunu aşamamıştır. Ayrıca, Körfez'de güvenlik ilişkileri ve politikasının ekonomi-politik/petro-politik ve güç politikası ile anlamlandırılabileceği ortaya konmaktadır. Körfez güvenlik ilişkilerinin incelenmesi sonucu bölgede sürekli güvenlik ikileminin hâkim olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında Körfez güvenliğinin devlet-merkezli ve askeri odaklı olduğu ve KİK ülkelerinin güvenliğini bölge dışı bir güç olan ABD'ye dayandırmaları olgusunun bölgeye güvenlik üretici değil aksine istikrarsızlık üretici bir faktör işlevi gördüğü söylenebilir ; In this paper the basic factors and actors of regional security and politics, the security predicaments, and the Gulf regional security structures, the regional security system with reference to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are analyzed. Concerning the analysis of these issues and due to the fact that the security in the Gulf has both regional and global dimensions, it is considered that; the interdependence of regionalglobal relationship could be achieved within the multilateral collective security mechanisms in the Gulf. Considering the GCC where the regional and global perspective of Gulf Security is not taken into consideration, it is alluded as a hypothesis that; a regional security mechanism in the Gulf region will not be effective. Apart from the fact that the factors mentioned above are not taken into consideration, the GCC has faced with efficiency crisis and could not solve this quandary since its foundation. Furthermore, the security relations and policies in the Gulf will be more meaningful if handled together with the political economy/petropolitics and power politics. As a result of scrutinizing the security relations in the Gulf, I identify that there is a constant security dilemma in the region. The security in the Gulf region is state-centric and military-focused so dependence on the security of the member countries' to another actor like the US will not bring security to the region; and will convey instability to the region

On February 17, 2022, the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS)-Vancouver hosted a digital roundtable titled Health Security, Environmental Security, and Hard Security in the Arctic: A Complex Relationship, conducted by Dr. Rob Huebert, a research fellow for the Center for Military, Security and Strategic Studies and an associate professor at the University of Calgary. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS-Vancouver executives. The main discussion topics centered around health, the environment, geopolitics, and hard power in the Arctic.

"Takes up the more evident basic faults and underlying fallacies common to all of the subdivisions of social insurance."--Pref. ; "Social security is abridged from Social insurance and economic security."--Introd. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The experience of the XX – the beginning of XXI century demonstrates the crucial importance of security for human existence. Safety study is a scientific field which is not developed enough, although its results are already de facto different from what has been studied by other sciences. Innovations in scientific knowledge, taking into account the new problems, risks and security threats identified, confirm this fact. After the end of the Cold War, a new international legal order was formed, as a result of that, studies in the field of security required its rethinking as a social phenomenon from a broader methodological points of view, not reducing security only to neutralizing military threats. Identification of subtypes of security (political, military, economic, environmental, food, energy, etc.) by field feature, depending on the presence of threats to a particular group of values does not lead to the loss of the international system of its integrity, but only groups similar variables within the system which contributes to their studies and interpretations. Attempts to build a hierarchy of security subtypes within international security are not rational enough, given their interdependence, as well as (interest, knowledge, worldview, etc.), which guide certain authors in building such a hierarchy. As a result of the variety of approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «environmental security», researches which are conducted in the XXI century are losing elements of simplicity inherent in the developments of the XX century. The use of an interdisciplinary approach complicates the coordination of environmental security research, but at the same time meets modern needs. The paper proves the inadequacy of the traditional understanding of security and shows that global changes in the environment create new conflicts, threats and challenges, and thus demonstrate the urgent need to look for new forms of cooperation based on international law for humanity survival and ensuring of sustainable development. The ...