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More Security for the Security Apparatus
Blog: Verfassungsblog
How to protect Thuringia's police and office for the protection of the constitution from an authoritarian-populist takeover
Whither security? The concept of 'essential security interests' in investment treaties' security exceptions
In: Journal of international economic law, Band 27, Heft 1, S. 114-129
ISSN: 1464-3758
Abstract
Unlike the WTO agreements, most investment treaties' security exceptions do not further define the concept of 'essential security interests', creating significant uncertainty. Securitization theory illuminates conceptual problems associated with an expansive approach to security, security's role in justifying extraordinary deontic powers, and securitization's contingency on intersubjective agreement. As securitizing actors, states have put forward four paradigms of security, each significantly expanding the concept beyond its traditional contours. Investors have resisted with two counter-securitizing moves, each involving several tactics. Reacting to these moves and countermoves, tribunals have functioned as either empowering audiences or as nullifying audiences. The ambiguity of essentiality has also generated incongruent interpretations. States', investors', and tribunals' approaches operate on three different planes, each with potential to significantly constrain security's scope or even negate a successful securitization. Expansive and restrictive interpretations of security present competing implications that make defining it an invidious task, but some interpretations of essentiality are more tenable than others. Overall, tribunals' narrow interpretations of the concept have operated to considerably limit states' securitization attempts. While investors should keep a close eye on pending cases involving potentially self-judging security exceptions, they need not be overly concerned that security exceptions pose a significant threat to their interests.
Critical Security Studies in the Digital Age: Social Media and Security
In: New Security Challenges
This book demonstrates that the disciplinary boundaries present within international relations approaches to security studies are redundant when examining social media, and inter- and multi-disciplinary analysis is key. A key result of the analysis undertaken is that when examining the social media sphere security scholars need to "expect the unexpected". This is because social media enables users to subvert, contest and create security narratives with symbols and idioms of their choice which can take into account "traditional" security themes, but also unexpected and under explored themes such as narratives from the local context of the users' towns and cities, and the symbolism of football clubs. The book also explores the complex topography of social media when considering constructions of security. The highly dynamic topography of social media is neither elite dominated and hierarchical as the Copenhagen School conceptualises security speak. However, neither is it completely flat and egalitarian as suggested by the vernacular security studies' non-elite approach. Rather, social media's topography is shifting and dynamic, with individuals gaining influence in security debates in unpredictable ways. In examining social media this book engages with the emancipatory burden of critical security studies. This book argues that it remains unfulfilled on social media and rather presents a "thin" notion of discursive emancipation where social media does provide the ability for previously excluded voices to participate in security debates, even if this does not result in their direct emancipation from power hierarchies and structures offline
What security and for whom? The social construction of exclusion of migrants from citizen security and health security in Mexico
In: Latin American policy: LAP ; a journal of politics & governance in a changing region, Band 15, Heft 1, S. 55-78
ISSN: 2041-7373
AbstractThis article explores the social construction of international migrants as a threat to public health and public safety in Mexico, specifically in the case of the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, since relations within this new sense of "otherness" in this city cause issues for public health and citizen security as traditionally conceived. An in‐depth review of the secondary literature on citizen security and health security related to migration and of the Mexican legal framework was conducted, and public information requests were made to Mexican public agencies. If citizen and health security are complementary paradigms, migrants seem excluded from their application. Far from being considered holders of rights, they are primarily restricted in their exercise of rights because they are not "citizens." These "newcomers" are perceived as "pathogenic agents" and "criminal illegal immigrants" rather than as deserving of these rights by the authorities, the media, and the majority population of Monterrey. These dynamics are likely to keep them not only on the fringes of "the city" but also in a very vulnerable position to fall victim to of all kinds of exploitation, resulting in a form of "management" of human mobility based on exclusion.
Problematizing "Security" in Citizen Security: A feminist security studies critique of Mexico's "feminist" foreign policy and women, peace and security projects
In: Latin American policy: LAP ; a journal of politics & governance in a changing region, Band 15, Heft 1, S. 39-54
ISSN: 2041-7373
AbstractThis article problematizes the concept of "security" within the concept of "citizen security" employed by Mexico, through a feminist security studies critique. Considering feminist security studies critiques that often see security as ultimately tied to militarization, regardless of the security referent, this article shows how this problem surfaces in Mexico's National Action Plan for Women, Peace, and Security and in the claim that Mexico has adopted a feminist foreign policy. Not only do these initiatives largely ignore high rates of femicide and other forms of state and nonstate violence in Mexico, but they are also reproductive of violence, particularly militarized violence, in their attachments to security. The article delves into the literature on how Mexico and other states domestically inimical to feminist movements have instituted national action plans that militarize the women, peace, and security agenda, embraced feminist foreign policies as they have further militarized, or both, often promulgating plans with little or no input from civil society. Mexico is revealed as a Janus‐faced example where seemingly liberal feminist values are promoted abroad but are not implemented at home. Thus, the nation is refashioning itself as a "good global citizen" at the expense of implementing and expanding citizen (and noncitizen) rights and protections within its borders.
Human Factor in Nuclear Security: Establishing and Optimizing Security Culture
In: Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications
This book attempts to look into the genesis of security culture as a concept which emerged with the recognition of the role of the human factor in the context of security. It traces the rapid evolution of security culture into a multi-functional discipline reinforced by supplementary tools such as assessment and enhancement methodologies, reviews practical steps to harmonize nuclear safety and security culture as well as recommends its practical application to address insider threats and their consequences. In addition, it demonstrates how to tailor the generic model of nuclear security culture to meet specific needs of diverse facilities and activities in different countries. Finally, the book discusses several challenges which need to be addressed to make security culture a user-friendly, universal, and sustainable instrument to turn the perception of the human factor as a liability into an asset of nuclear security
Citizen security revisited: Whose security/ies are we talking about?
In: Latin American policy: LAP ; a journal of politics & governance in a changing region, Band 15, Heft 1, S. 26-38
ISSN: 2041-7373
AbstractThis article addresses two issues related to citizen security and its developments in Mexico. First, it analyzes the limits of citizen security in terms of its exclusions and marginalizations as they particularly affect women and migrants. It is argued that citizen security policy does not capture the multilayered security concerns that affect women. As programs of citizen security are primarily directed at public spaces, gender‐based violence, in particular domestic violence, is not included in its conceptualization. Second, migrants in transit are being excluded from citizen security for being noncitizens and thus "underserving subjects." Moreover, citizen security tends to be place‐bound as it is directed at the community level, while migrants are persons in situations of mobility and therefore escape place‐bound initiatives. The second part of this article focuses on how the current militarization of Mexico's security policy has affected citizen security. It finds that this militarization has deprioritized citizen security, affecting women and migrants in particular.
Food security and national security: neither can be taken for granted
Blog: The Strategist
Australia's food security should not be taken for granted. The Covid-19 pandemic shows what can go wrong with it during seismic strategic challenges. January's empty supermarket shelves across Darwin, caused by flooding, illustrate the precarious ...
The everyday life of a security project: the "Security Union" in the EU's "engine room"
In: European security, S. 1-22
ISSN: 1746-1545
The FTC and national security
Blog: Reason.com
Cybertoonz gives the Commission a right of reply
Banditry and the security crisis in Nigeria
"This book examines the growing phenomenon of armed banditry in Nigeria and its implication for national security. Nigeria's bandit conflict and deepening security crisis is fuelled by the existence of vast ungoverned trans-border spaces where various non-state armed groups operate unhindered and outside of the law, engaging in various forms of transnational crime. This book explores the activities of these groups to assess the nature and significance of banditry as a complex threat to security. It does so against the backdrop of reports of increased bandit attacks on farms, markets, mining sites, villages and rural communities, and the rising tide of violent crimes in Nigeria, especially the northern region. The book analyses the factors that are responsible for the emergence of banditry as a recent national and transnational security threat and outlines the contemporary dynamics of Nigeria's banditry crisis and how it can be mitigated. This book will be of interest to researchers and students in the field of African Studies, International Relations, Security and Strategic Studies, Political Studies, Peace and Conflict Studies, as well as policymakers and practitioners interested in complex security threats and their implications in Nigeria and beyond"--
Exploring lapses in West Africa's security architecture and their implications for regional security
In: South African journal of international affairs: journal of the South African Institute of International Affairs, S. 1-19
ISSN: 1938-0275
Climate security and Japan's new national security strategy: a policy analysis
In: Third world quarterly, S. 1-18
ISSN: 1360-2241