Suchergebnisse

The sombre picture of the economic situation in most developing countries, and not least in Africa, has become increasingly familiar in the last two or three years. Foreign aid is at best not increasing and the terms on which it is offered are hardening. There has been little or no relaxation of the obstacles to increased trade between the developed and the under-developed world. The growth of many poor countries has been limited; and, indeed, within the developing world, the gap between those at the top and those at the bottom is growing, as is that between the developed and the under-developed world as a whole.

Military force projection is the self-reliant capacity to strike from mainland ports, bases and airfields to protect Australia's sovereignty as well as more distant national interests. Force projection is not just a flex of military muscle in times of emergency or the act of dispatching forces. It is a cycle of force preparation, command, deployment, protection, employment, sustainment, rotation, redeployment and reconstitution. If the Australian Defence Force consistently gets this cycle wrong, then there is something wrong with Australia's defence. This monograph is a force projection audit of four Australian regional force projections in the late 1980s and the 1990s—valid measures of competence. It concludes that Australia is running out of luck and time. The Rudd Government has commissioned a new Defence White paper. This monograph is Exhibit A for change.

In discussing self-reliant development, Jay R. Mandle's "The Politics of Self-Reliant Development" (see abstract, this section) raises an important & often neglected issue. However, the discussion has several weaknesses: focus on agriculture & disregard of the need for industrialization; failure to recognize the complexity of assessing the relative efficiency of various forms of production; & disregard of the political dimensions of the question of attaining self-reliant development. In particular, it is initially necessary to put burdens on peasant agriculture to support the development of industry that can later provide a basis for agricultural development. It is also necessary to avoid false polarities & overgeneralizations that disregard particular contexts. In Reply to Aidan Foster-Carter, Jay R. Mandle recognizes many of Foster-Carter's points as valid, but argues for the need to include Ru interests in governing bodies & to preserve the good will of the peasantry toward the development process, rather than alienating them. W. H. Stoddard.