Suchergebnisse

The functionality of the Portal to legal literature, which is under development at ITTIG, is described, focusing on a linking mechanism created to allow navigation between statutory rules, judicial cases and legal literature pieces of work. Reference is made to previous works carried out by Italian institutions for the identification of legislation and case law resources through URN identifiers. The design of a URN for legal literature material is planned to ensure cross-access to legal sources on the basis of user surveys carried out for the purpose of better customize the Portal's services. The main features of the proposed URN for legal literature material are described as well as tools developed for the Portal based on an OpenURL resolver mechanism in order for users to start from the examination of a law (legislation) to its interpretation (legal literature) and further to analyse the enforcement of that law in judicial cases (case law).

Abstract
Stochastic multiplicative dynamics characterize many complex natural phenomena such as selection and mutation in evolving populations, and the generation and distribution of wealth within social systems. Population heterogeneity in stochastic growth rates has been shown to be the critical driver of wealth inequality over long time scales. However, we still lack a general statistical theory that systematically explains the origins of these heterogeneities resulting from the dynamical adaptation of agents to their environment. In this paper, we derive population growth parameters resulting from the general interaction between agents and their environment, conditional on subjective signals each agent perceives. We show that average wealth-growth rates converge, under specific conditions, to their maximal value as the mutual information between the agent's signal and the environment, and that sequential Bayesian inference is the optimal strategy for reaching this maximum. It follows that when all agents access the same statistical environment, the learning process attenuates growth rate disparities, reducing the long-term effects of heterogeneity on inequality. Our approach shows how the formal properties of information underlie general growth dynamics across social and biological phenomena, including cooperation and the effects of education and learning on life history choices.

Intercultural, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary research interfaces confront researchers with considerable challenges. Towards Shared Research portrays how scholars from different disciplinary and geographical origins and at various academic career stages strive for a more inclusive and better understanding of knowledge about African environments. The book is addressed to researchers, facilitators, and policy-makers to make a case for participatory and integrative approaches resulting in systemic and co-created analyses.

Intercultural, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary research interfaces confront researchers with considerable challenges. Towards Shared Research portrays how scholars from different disciplinary and geographical origins and at various academic career stages strive for a more inclusive and better understanding of knowledge about African environments. The book is addressed to researchers, facilitators, and policy-makers to make a case for participatory and integrative approaches resulting in systemic and co-created analyses.

Goals and the performance feedback on those goals are fundamental to organizational learning and adaptation. However, most research has focused on single overall, high-level organizational goals while ignoring important operational goals farther down in the goal hierarchy. This paper explores the important issue of interdependent feedback on multiple operational goals with shared task environments. We conjecture about the impact of shared technological task environments on feedback across goals. We then empirically examine these conjectures using panel vector autoregression (PVAR) analysis of performance feedback from three strategically important operational goals with shared technological task environments in the automobile industry. We find that interdependent feedback can lead to severe and misleading confusion regarding learning from feedback on such goals with shared task environments. Then, we discuss the implications of our findings. These include the following: the absolute intractability of the problem of meeting multiple goals with interdependent task environments as the number of goals increases; limits on the modularity of organization structure; and severe challenges in ex post credit assignment and ex ante planning when goals share technological task environments. Finally, we discuss the application of PVAR to interdependent feedback problems in organizations. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1207 .

Small manufacturing companies make up the base industrial backbone
of many countries including the USA. Even though CIM is generally
believed to help manufacturers to compete globally, small companies are
not able to adopt the technology owing to CIM′s substantial investments
and its associated high risk. An alternative CIM approach is urgently
needed. Proposes a shared CIM system for various types of production
environments including make‐to‐stock (MTS), assembled‐to‐order (ATO),
make‐to‐order (MTO), and engineered‐to‐order (ETO). Analysis based on
production logic was performed in order to develop a series of
guidelines for the successful application of shared CIM systems in the
above production companies. It was found that the shared facility
capacity allocation was the most important activity in the
production‐planning process, the degree of co‐operation being highest in
an ETO environment. The key success in the operation of the system will
depend on the co‐operation of production planning in MTS and ATO
environments, co‐operation of production control in an MTO environment,
and co‐operation in engineering‐design and production control in an ETO
environment.