Short-term memory
In: Memory, Attention, and Decision-Making, S. 375-385
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In: Memory, Attention, and Decision-Making, S. 375-385
In: Human factors: the journal of the Human Factors Society, Band 32, Heft 2, S. 123-137
ISSN: 1547-8181
Each of 52 (25 female and 27 male) high school students reproduced from memory 1000 eight-digit numbers after viewing each number for 5 s. Subjects were given unlimited time to reproduce the numbers and were allowed to change their reproductions. The range of errors was very large: from 71 to 2231 out of 8000 digits reproduced by each subject. Every subject showed a serial position effect and almost the same effect—about 70% of subjects made the greatest number of errors at the seventh digit. Female subjects made significantly more errors than did the males. Every subject improved his or her score by making changes. Data are given on the relative difficulty of recalling each of the 10 digits, the 100 doublets (pairs of digits), and the 1000 triplets (sets of three digits).
In: Memory, Attention, and Decision-Making, S. 386-448
In: American annals of the deaf: AAD, Band 148, Heft 1, S. 3-4
ISSN: 1543-0375
In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
"Long- and Short-term Memory Structure in Political Decision Making" published on by Oxford University Press.
In: Human factors: the journal of the Human Factors Society, Band 21, Heft 2, S. 169-181
ISSN: 1547-8181
Communication between ground controllers and pilots was simulated in a short-term memory task in order to explore sources of memory errors in the air traffic control system. As expected from prior short-term memory research, two major determinants of error probability were (1) amount of information that the pilot has to process in a given time and (2) retention interval between the time information is transmitted from the controller and the time it is acted on (recalled) by the pilot. Additionally, the manner of encoding numerical information was varied. The result of this manipulation indicated that, as suggested by recent research in cognitive psychology, the current information-encoding scheme has substantial room for improvement in terms of minimizing memory failure.
In: Developmental science, Band 14, Heft 3, S. 490-501
ISSN: 1467-7687
AbstractTwo experiments examined the hypothesis that developing visual attentional mechanisms influence infants' Visual Short‐Term Memory (VSTM) in the context of multiple items. Five‐ and 10‐month‐old infants (N = 76) received a change detection task in which arrays of three differently colored squares appeared and disappeared. On each trial one square changed color and one square was cued; sometimes the cued item was the changing item, and sometimes the changing item was not the cued item. Ten‐month‐old infants exhibited enhanced memory for the cued item when the cue was a spatial pre‐cue (Experiment 1) and 5‐month‐old infants exhibited enhanced memory for the cued item when the cue was relative motion (Experiment 2). These results demonstrate for the first time that infants younger than 6 months can encode information in VSTM about individual items in multiple‐object arrays, and that attention‐directing cues influence both perceptual and VSTM encoding of stimuli in infants as in adults.
In: Human development, Band 14, Heft 4, S. 236-248
ISSN: 1423-0054
In: Journal of visual impairment & blindness: JVIB, Band 86, Heft 5, S. 219-221
ISSN: 1559-1476
This article reports the initial findings of a two-part test of tactile concentration and short-term memory involving the reproduction of the order of finger stimulation—a forward series and a backward series. A newly devised instrument, the Finger Knocking Box, was used for the mechanical stimulation of fingers and the recording of responses by 65 totally blind or partially sighted subjects of average intelligence.
In: Review of financial economics: RFE, Band 22, Heft 4, S. 213-219
ISSN: 1873-5924
AbstractOpponents of the efficient markets hypothesis argue that predictability reflects the psychological factors and "fads" of irrational investors in a speculative market. In that, conventional time series analysis often fails to give an accurate forecast for financial processes due to inherent noise patterns, fat tails, and nonlinear components. A recent stream of literature on behavioral finance has revealed that boundedly rational agents using simple rules of thumb for their decisions under uncertainty provides a more realistic description of human behavior than perfect rationality with optimal decision rules. Consequently, the application of technical analysis in trading could produce high returns. Machine learning techniques have been employed in economic systems in modeling nonlinearities and simulating human behavior. In this study, we expand the literature that evaluates return sign forecasting ability by introducing a recurrent neural network approach that combines heuristic learning and short‐term memory emulation, thus mimicking the decision‐making process of boundedly rational agents. We investigate the relative direction‐of‐change predictability of the neural network structure implied by the Lee–White–Granger test as well as compare it to other well‐established models for the DJIA index. Moreover, we examine the relationship between stock return volatility and returns. Overall, the proposed model presents high profitability, in particular during "bear" market periods.
Air temperature is one of the main factors for describing the weather behaviour in the earth. Since Indonesia is located on and near equator, then monitoring the air temperature is needed to determine either global climate change occurs or not. Climate change can have an impact on biological growth in various fields. For instance, climate change can affect the quality of production and growth of animal and plants. Therefore, air temperature prediction is important to meteorologists and Indonesian government to provide information in many sectors. Various prediction algorithms have been used to predict temperature and produce different accuracy. In this study, the deep learning method with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model is used to predict air temperature. Here, the results show that LSTM model with one layer and Adaptive Moment Estimation (ADAM) optimizer produce accuracy which is 32% of , 0.068 of MAE and 0.99 of RMSE. Moreover, here, ADAM optimizer is found better than Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) optimizer.
BASE
In: The Journal of social psychology, Band 104, Heft 1, S. 135-136
ISSN: 1940-1183
In: Human factors: the journal of the Human Factors Society, Band 11, Heft 4, S. 401-405
ISSN: 1547-8181
Performance in a memory-span task using eight-letter sequences was explored as a function of presentation rate (.5, .75, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 sec/item) and presentation mode (visual, auditory, simultaneous visual and auditory, and mixed visual and auditory). Results indicate that performance in the mixed mode was inferior to the other three modes, but the other modes did not differ from each other. As presentation rate decreased, performance improved. These results are consistent with current theories of memory and indicate that the mode in which alphanumeric information is displayed is unimportant provided the modes are not mixed.
In: The journal of psychology: interdisciplinary and applied, Band 65, Heft 1, S. 109-116
ISSN: 1940-1019
In: The journal of psychology: interdisciplinary and applied, Band 116, Heft 2, S. 263-267
ISSN: 1940-1019