In the present era of globalization where business competition between countries is getting tighter, the Indonesian government seeks to encourage micro and small businesses to take part and strengthen business people to be ready to compete with other countries. In addition to providing a large contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), micro and small businesses also absorb a large number of labor. When viewed from the point of gender, male entrepreneurs and female entrepreneurs have relatively balanced number but their success rate in managing a business is not the same. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there were significant differences in success between male and female entrepreneurs. This study uses secondary data from Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in 2015, with a total observation of 58,290 industries in 23 industrial classifications. The results showed a significant difference between the success of male entrepreneurs and female entrepreneurs in micro and small businesses in Indonesia.
Purpose This study examined the effect of different types of politically connected (PCON) Malaysian firms on analysts' forecast accuracy and dispersion. Design/methodology/approach The study identified different types of PCON firms according to Wong and Hooy's (2018) classification, which divided political connections into government-linked companies (GLCs), boards of directors, business owners and family members of government leaders. The sample covered the period 2007–2016, for which earnings forecast data were obtained from the Institutional Brokers' Estimate System (IBES) database and financial data were extracted from Thomson Reuters Fundamentals. We deleted any market consensus estimates made by less than three analysts and/or firms with less than three years of analyst forecast information to control for the impact of individual analysts' personal attributes. Findings The study found that PCON firms were associated with lower analyst forecast accuracy and higher forecast dispersion. The effect was more salient in GLCs than in other PCON firms, either through families, business ties or boards of directors. Further analyses showed that PCON firms—in particular GLCs—were associated with more aggressive reporting of earnings and poorer quality of accruals, hence providing inadequate information for analysts to produce accurate and less dispersed earnings forecasts. The results were robust even after addressing endogeneity issues. Research limitations/implications This study found new evidence of the impact of different types of PCON firms in exacerbating information asymmetry, which was not addressed in prior studies. Practical implications This study has a significant practical implication for investors that they should be mindful of high information asymmetry in politically connected firms, particularly government-linked companies. Originality/value This is the first study to provide evidence of the impact of different types of PCON firms on analysts' earnings forecasts.
Local Government expenditure is budgeting for all government needs and activities and managed under the authority of provinces, regencies, and municipalities through their respective regional heads. Well-targeted Local Government expenditure optimization has a significant impact on the regional economy. This research aims to determine poverty reduction in regencies/municipalities in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, by examining the variable's impact of social assistance expenditure, capital expenditure, and local revenue on poverty. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained from 15 regencies/municipalities in South Sumatra Province during the 2010-2018 periods. The analysis technique uses in this research were Poverty Mapping with Klassen Typology and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). Using the Klassen typology for poverty mapping in South Sumatra Province obtained four regional classifications (quadrant) based on poverty and economic growth: quadrant I (developed and fast-growing region), quadrant II (developed but depressed region), quadrant III (developing region), and quadrant IV (less developed region). The Klassen typology classification results: quadrant I include Palembang City, quadrant II includes Musi Banyuasin Regency, Muara Enim Regency, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, and Banyuasin Regency. Quadrant III includes Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, Prabumulih City, and Lubuk Linggau City. Also, quadrant IV includes Lahat Regency, Musi Rawas Regency, Ogan Ilir Regency, Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Regency, Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan Regency, Empat Lawang Regency, and Pagar Alam City. The t-test regression results showed that Social assistance expenditure and local revenue affect poverty reduction, while capital expenditure does not significantly affect poverty reduction. The F-test regression results showed that poverty reduction was affected simultaneously by social assistance expenditure, capital expenditure, and local revenue. Policies in social assistance expenditure and capital expenditure were not well-targeted. The policies expected to reduce poverty are to provide well-targeted social assistance expenditure and capital expenditure. ; Belanja Daerah adalah penganggaran untuk semua kebutuhan dan kegiatan pemerintahan dan dikelola di bawah kewenangan provinsi, kabupaten, dan kota melalui kepala daerahnya masing-masing. Optimalisasi Belanja Daerah yang tepat sasaran berdampak signifikan terhadap perekonomian daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui reduksi kemiskinan di kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia, dengan menguji pengaruh variabel Belanja Bantuan Sosial, Belanja Modal, dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) terhadap kemiskinan. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh dari 15 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan selama periode 2010-2018. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pemetaan Kemiskinan (Poverty Mapping) dengan Tipologi Klassen dan Regresi Linier Berganda. Dengan menggunakan Tipologi Klassen untuk pemetaan kemiskinan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan diperoleh empat klasifikasi wilayah (kuadran) berdasarkan kemiskinan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi: kuadran I (daerah maju dan bertumbuh cepat), kuadran II (daerah maju tetapi tertekan), kuadran III (daerah sedang bertumbuh), dan kuadran IV (daerah relatif tertinggal). Hasil klasifikasi Tipologi Klassen: kuadran I meliputi Kota Palembang, kuadran II meliputi Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Kabupaten Muara Enim, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir, dan Kabupaten Banyuasin. Kuadran III meliputi Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu, Kota Prabumulih, dan Kota Lubuk Linggau. Sedangkan kuadran IV meliputi Kabupaten Lahat, Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan, Kabupaten Empat Lawang, dan Kota Pagar Alam. Hasil regresi uji-t menunjukkan bahwa Belanja Bantuan Sosial dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) berpengaruh terhadap reduksi kemiskinan, sedangkan Belanja Modal tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap reduksi kemiskinan. Hasil regresi uji-F menunjukkan bahwa reduksi kemiskinan dipengaruhi secara simultan oleh Belanja Bantuan Sosial, Belanja Modal, dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Kebijakan Belanja Bantuan Sosial dan Belanja Modal kurang tepat sasaran. Kebijakan yang diharapkan dapat mereduksi kemiskinan adalah dengan memberikan Belanja Bantuan Sosial dan Belanja Modal yang tepat sasaran.
The presence of foreign firms in a region can create spillovers to other firms, both within the intra-industries (industries itself) and inter-industries (other industries). Spillover from foreign firms can be in the form of technology transfer, efficiency improvement, managerial knowledge which ultimately is expected to increase productivity for other firms not only in large enterprises but also for micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Hence, this paper aims to identify the potential backward spillover of foreign firms to MSMEs in East Java and the individual results show that the four highest backward spillovers values of foreign industries are industry of components and spare parts of the prime mover motor, industry of agricultural and forestry machinery and services for supporting, maintenance and repair, industry of pump and compressor and industry of measurement tools, manual regulator and testing. All of them are respectively located in Surabaya City, Pasuruan District, Pasuruan District and Mojekerto District. Furthermore, the general results show that the potential backward spillover exists in rubber, rubber goods and plastic goods industries as well as chemicals and goods from chemical material industries. The foreign firms which have highest backward spillovers are located in Pasuruan District, Mojekerto District, Sidoarjo District, Surabaya City and Gresik District. Therefore, the provincial government of East Java should immediately prepare and support both technically and financially to MSMEs in providing raw materials required by foreign firms based on the industrial classification and location results of this study. In addition, the provincial government of East Java can coordinate with the district governments in the areas of those foreign firms for preparing MSMEs in supplying raw materials.
Abstract : There are two opposite opinions about the permissibility of women in politics. One opinion states that women should be at home, devoted to her husband, just have a domestic role, and should not be involved in politics. Another opinion states that women have the freedom to play, both inside and outside the home as well as in politics. This happens because they don't understand the concept of women's rights that purely political, as well as in understanding the text verse Al-Qur`an is still gender bias. The differences of those opinions related to the differences in understanding the Islamic sources especially the verses of the Al-Qur`an about politics. This paper discusses political rights of women in Islam, so that people can understand and not considered taboo against women who were involved in politics. Based on the identification, classification, and analysis of the texts of the Al-Qur'an and hadith about politics, found that women in politics have the right according to Islam. Men and women are obliged to enjoining good and forbidding evil through several ways including the political media. Islam does not distinguish between men and women in individual rights and social rights especially political rights. However, it was noted that all rights must be placed within the limits of natural as women. Abstrak : Terjadi dua pendapat yang berseberangan tentang kebolehan perempuan berpolitik. Satu pendapat menyatakan perempuan harus di dalam rumah, mengabdi kepada suami, dan hanya mempunyai peran domestik dan tidak boleh berpolitik. Pendapat lain menyatakan perempuan mempunyai kemerdekaan untuk berperan, baik di dalam maupun di luar rumah demikian juga dalam bidang politik. Hal tersebut terjadi karena belum difahaminya konsep tentang hak politik perempuan secara murni, juga karena dalam memahami teks ayat al-Qur`an masih bias gender. Perbedaan pandangan tersebut terkait dengan perbedaan dalam memahami sumber-sumber ajaran Islam terutama ayat al-Qur`an yang berbicara tentang politik. Makalah ini membahas bagaimana sebenarnya hak politik perempuan dalam Islam, sehingga masyarakat dapat memahami dan tidak menganggap tabu terhadap perempuan yang terjun di dunia politik. Berdasarkan identifikasi dan klasifikasi serta analisis nash-nash dari al-Qur'an dan hadis tentang politik dalam al-Qur`an, ditemukan bahwa perempuan mempunyai hak dalam berpolitik menurut Islam. Laki-laki dan perempuan berkewajiban untuk amar makrûf nahî munkar melalui beberapa cara termasuk diantaranya dengan media politik. Islam tidak membedakan laki-laki dan perempuan dalam hak-hak individu dan hak-hak kemasyarakatan utamanya hak politik. Namun demikian, yang perlu dicatat adalah semua hak tersebut harus diletakkan dalam batas-batas kodrati sebagai perempuan.