Suchergebnisse

Tez No: 608388 ; Yüksek Lisans ; Tarım toplumundan sanayi toplumuna geçişle birlikte, toplumsal sorunlara bir cevap olarak ortaya çıkan sosyal demokrasinin yaşadığı gelişim ve yayılma sürecine, Türk siyasi hayatı CHP üzerinden dahil olmuştur. Avrupa'da sanayi devrimini büyük ölçüde tamamlamış olan ülkelerde, ezilen işçi sınıfının haklarını koruma amacıyla dayanışma merkezli ortaya çıkan sosyal demokrasinin Türkiye'de ortaya çıkışının, tabandan yukarıya doğru bir baskıyla oluşmadığı görülmektedir. Çok partili düzene geçişle birlikte Türk siyasi hayatına katılan yeni partilerin kendilerini ideolojik bir düzlemde tanımlama ihtiyacı doğmuştur. 1960 ihtilali sonrası ortaya çıkan yeni siyasi ortam, sol fikir kulüplerinin ve sol söyleme sahip partilerin kurulmasına imkân vermiştir. Özellikle üniversite öğrencilerinin ve aydınların sol düşünceler etrafında toplanmasıyla birlikte, CHP kendisi için aradığı ideolojik söylemi ortanın soluyla yakalamaya çalışmıştır. Başlangıçta, CHP "halka rağmen halk için" felsefesini, sosyal demokrasiyi geniş halk kitlelerine kabul ettirmek için devam ettirmiştir. 12 Mart 1971 askeri müdahalesiyle hız kazanan parti içi mücadele "halk için halkla beraber" felsefesine geçiş yaparak, yeni bir dil kullanmaya başlamıştır. 1965 – 1977 arasında iki farklı sosyal demokrasi yorumunu ortaya koyarak, halktan onay bekleyen CHP, beklediği başarıyı lider kadrolarında ve ortanın solu söyleminde yapmış olduğu değişiklikle yakalamıştır. Bu başarının yakalanmasında, parti programının sosyal demokrat ilkeler doğrultusunda değiştirilmesinin etkisi vardır. ; With the transition from agricultural society to industrial society, it was through CHP that the Turkish political life became part of the development and spread of social democracy that emerged as an answer to social problems. While, in the European countries that considerably completed the Industrial Revolution, solidarity-based social democracy emerged with the purpose of protecting the rights of the oppressed working class, in Turkey, it didn't emerge through a bottom-up pressure. With the transition to the multi-party order, new parties that recently participated in Turkish political life had the need to define themselves on an ideological level. The new political environment that emerged after the 1960 coup allowed the establishment of left-wing clubs and left-discourse parties. Especially with university students and intellectuals gathering around left-wing thoughts, CHP tried to get hold of the ideological discourse that it was seeking, through the left of the center. Initially, CHP continued its "despite the people, for the people" philosophy to impose social democracy on large masses of people. The within-the-party-struggle which accelerated with the military intervention on March 12, 1971 started to use a new discourse by switching to the philosophy of "with the people for the people". While awaiting public approval by putting forward two different interpretations of social democracy between 1965 and 1977, CHP achieved its long-awaited success by changing its leading staff and changing its discourse in the left of the center. Changing the party program in line with social democratic principles has an effect on this success.

The concept of meliorism which means future would be better with joint human efforts has drawn attention of pragmatist thinkers and philosophers. William James, John Dewey, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Richard Rorty are important philosophers placing an emphasis on Meliorism in pragmatism. Rorty has reinterpreted the pragmatist way of thinking. Rorty's pragmatism may be described as anti-representialist, anti- essentialist, anti- foundationalist, experimentalist, hopeful, and forward looking. He has proposed a social hope theory building up the idea of meliorism in pragmatism. The purpose of this study is to explore Richard Rorty' s philosophy of social hope building on meliorism. Rorty underlines the importance of the five types of emotions to access social hope. These includes sense of imagination, sense of uncertainity, sense of communication, sense of self-awareness and sense of self-respect. He suggests that with having five emotions ones might be forward looking which is a combined sense of feeling of hope, expecting, and regarding something pleasurable in the future. He recommends focusing on future with hope and skip the past.

The circle of Petrashevsky, getting into the act in 1840s in Petersburg, makes a notable contribution to Russian literature and philosophy. The members of the circle, composed of different professional fields like student, officer, poet, writer, philosopher, merchant and soldier, vociferously condemn the system of tsardom and serfdom. The members of Petrashevsky develop their utopian-socialist views majorly on the theories of the French philosopher François Marie Charles Fourier and the Russian philosopher Vissarion Grigorevich Belinsky. Meeting up every Friday night at the home of the circle leader Mihail Vasilevich Butashevich-Petrashevsky in Petersburg, the members discuss current, social, political, literary, religious and philosophical issues. The members of Petrashevsky circle plan to overthrow the existing regime. One of the most important propaganda organs of the circle of Petrashevsky is poetry. The poets of Petrashevsky aim to infuse their modern and liberal thoughts into the public. However, Tsar Nicholas I's authoritarian government restricts poets' actions and discourse. The Petrashevsky poets Aleksei Nikolaevich Pleshcheyev' and Dmitry Dmitrievich Achsharumov dream a free, independent, fair, equal and happy future in their poems. In Sergei Fedorovich Durov's poems come into prominence dissatisfaction towards his period, disappointment, pessimism, desperation and hopelessness.

The Science of Wealth was written by Münif Pasha, who features large in our history of science and philosophy. The work was used as a textbook by the Ottoman Law School, and took its place among the texts that carried modern economic knowledge to the Ottoman world of thought. The period that started in the second half of the 19th century and continued up until the foundation of the Republic was a time of remarkable contributions to economic literature. The fact that The Science of Wealth remains an important part of this body of literature and reflects the economic knowledge of period in its discussions served as the basis for In The Science of Wealth, Münif Pasha defends the idea of a liberal economy, although his criticisms of some of the views of Adam Smith and Malthus differentiate his work from other books in the economics field at the time. Issues, such as private property, the division of labour, freedom of industry and trade, fixed pricing, customs and interest, all of which are highly important in the creation of a liberal transformation to an economic, political, administrative, legal, religious and social structure, are among the headings in the Science of Wealth. The original, translated and simplified texts allow the work to reach a broader audience. It is hoped that the study will increase the level of interest in our economics and science history literature

The purpose of this study is to determine the earnings that people get at the end of their journey. The phenomenology approach, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. Snowball sampling technique, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used to determine the participants of the study. In order to obtain the views of the participants, in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 18 travelers using a semi-structured interview form. In the analysis, three different themes were obtained; the meaning of travel, the reasons for the trip and the results of the trip. As a result of the study, while the reasons for the travel are personal preferences and requirements; it has been seen that people attribute meanings to travel such as discovery, learning and development, lifestyle, courage, purification and interaction. The results of travel show itself in the form of learning and development, change in life philosophy, gaining social reputation, psychological gains, material gains, positive externalities, changes in habits and other gains. In the study, based on Bourdieu's classification, the concept of 'Travel Capital' as a new capital classification related to earnings obtained as a result of travels is discussed. In conclusion; travel capital can be defined as the whole of the material and spiritual experiences that people who set out for a purpose and complete their journey by consciously ascribing meaning, together with the places they travel, the people they meet, and the experiences they have had.

Ekonomik, siyasal, teknolojik, konjonktürel, sosyal, uluslararası vb. birçok alandaki gelişimler zaman zaman devlet mekanizmasında da kısmi veya kapsamlı değişimleri zorunlu hale getirebilmekte ve kendini yeni şartlara uyarlama ve dönüşüm ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ancak köklü ve gelenekselleşmiş yapılarda bu dönüşüm kolay olmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, öncelikle devlette dönüşümün meşruiyet kaynağını tartışmakta, daha sonra yerel yönetimlerde dönüşümün kaynakları üzerinden hareketle yerel yönetimlerde – ve özellikle de hizmet sunumundaki- değişim anlayışını tartışmakta; nihayet yerel yönetimlerdeki anlayış değişiklikleri bağlamında 'hizmet sunumunda, pazarlama yaklaşımı' konusunu tartışmaktadır. Çalışma, yerel yönetimlerdeki hizmet sunumunda pazarlamadaki 'kar amaçsız kuruluşlar için pazarlama' ve 'müşteri odaklılık' çerçevesinde yaklaşmanın, belediye hizmetlerine yeni bir anlayış ve yaklaşım getireceğini ve yaklaşımın modern yerel yönetim felsefesine daha uygun olacağını iddia etmektedir. ; The developments in the areas such as economic, political, technologic, social and international make it necessary the – partial or comprehensive- changes in the government structure time to time and necessitate the adaptation and transformation of the government to the new conditions. However, that transformation is not easy for long-established and traditional structures. This study firstly discusses the basis of legality of transformation in the government, and then discusses the understanding of the change – especially in the services delivery- in local governments with respect to the bases of the transformation in local administrations. It finally discusses the 'marketing approach in services delivery' in the frame of changes in local government understanding. The study claims that the 'marketing for non-profit organizations' and 'customer based marketing' approaches would develop new understanding and open new dimensions in the delivery of public services in local governments and that approach would suit better to the modern local administration philosophy.

At every second in any part of the world people are faced with a disaster risk. When we look at statistical data, many people lose their lives and the countries are suffering serious damage in material terms. When we look at the content of losses, we see that lack of education has made serious contributions to disaster catastrophe. As schools are among major places where education services are provided, they are the first institutions to provide awareness of individuals in disaster training. In today's developing world, there is change and development in the field of education as it is the case for all fields of life. Educational institutions, that have a traditional education understanding structured with a passive approach based on rote-learning, have adopted the philosophy of constructivist approach with 2005 program change in Turkey. Scenario-based teaching (STÖ) method is one of the education methods that take the student at the center and see the teacher as a guide. As disaster training issues are related to a lot of social loss and risk, the program of disaster training at the secondary school level is included in social science courses. This study analyzes the effects of scenario-based disaster training on the disaster-related information and attitude level of secondary school students. The characteristics of the scenario-based teaching model are thought to be appropriate in teaching the disaster topics included in the updated social studies curriculum and in achieving the goals to be attained by the students. The research was conducted using quantitative research methods. In the quantitative dimension of the study, "pre and post test pattern with control group pattern" was used from experimental designs. The study group of the research is composed of 46 students who are attending to 6th grade in a randomly selected secondary school in Kocaeli, which is the most affected province from disaster in Turkey. The application phase of the study lasted 6 weeks. In this process, the experimental group were taught disaster training activities formed by scenario-based training while the control group were taught according to the currently applied traditional approach based on narrative and question-answer method. Disaster education achievement test (ABT), Disaster preparedness attitude scale (AHTÖ) were developed and used to collect the data of the study. The ABT achievement test and the AHTÖ attitude scale were administered twice to the experimental and control groups as pre - test and post - test. In the study, t-test for independent groups and t-test for dependent groups in the SPSS 22 statistical package program were performed to determine the effect of the course on the knowledge and attitudes of the students when the course is taught with the scenarios prepared according to the STÖ method. At the end of the study, it was determined that there was a significant difference between students' post-test attitude scores for disaster preparedness attitudes. Finding end result one, it shows that the STÖ method increases the attitudes towards the AHTÖ positively. It was determined that there was a significant difference between students' post-test academic achievement scores. These findings indicate that the STÖ method positively enhances the ABT-oriented academic achievement levels of students. In this context, it was concluded that Scenario-Based Training contributes to Disaster-Related Information and Attitude Levels of Secondary School Students.

ÖZETAVRUPA BİRLİĞİ MALİ YARDIM POLİTİKASI VE TÜRKİYE – AB MALİ YARDIMLARININ İÇERİĞİİkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası birleşme hareketlerinden biri olan Avrupa Birliği, kuruluş felsefesi olan "dayanışma" ilkesini uygulamaya koyarak kendi içinde ekonomik ve sosyal dengesizlikleri ortadan kaldırmayı amaçlamıştır. Avrupa Birliği bu amaçla kendi üyelerine yapmakta olduğu mali yardımları, aday ülkelere ve aday olmayan diğer ülkelere de yaparak mali yardımların önemi ve çeşitliliği artmıştır. Hibe veya kredi şeklinde yapılan bu mali yardımlardan ülkemiz de, aday ülke olarak yararlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile Avrupa Birliği mali yardım politikası ve ülkemizin bu doğrultuda mali yardımlardan yararlanma süreci anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Avrupa Birliği mali yardımlarından en çok yararlanan üye ülkeler; Yunanistan, İspanya, Portekiz ve İrlanda gibi az gelişmiş ülkeler olup, bu ülkeler yapılan mali yardımlar sonucu kayda değer ekonomik gelişmeler göstermiştir. Türkiye ise aday ülke statüsüyle yapılan mali yardımlardan yeterli ölçüde yararlanamamıştır.ABSTRACTEUROPEAN UNION FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE POLICY AND THE CONTENT TURKEY – EUROPEAN UNION FINANCIAL ASSISTANCEEU is the unificiation movement after World War II that aimed to disappear inequalities regarding economical and social imbalances as practicing "solidarity" principle which is the main philosophy of the establishment. With this purpose, EU expanded it's contributions and contribution types not only towards the members but also the candidate and non-candidate countries .In this case, the importance of the contribution has been increased. As the candidate, our country has also been granted with these financial supports as donation or credit With this work, EU Financial assistance policy and process of benefiting from this financial assistance have been tried to explained. The candidate countries which have been benefiting from EU Financial assistances mostly are the underdeveloped countries Greece, Spain, Portugal and Ireland. The above mentioned countries have been remarkably developed as the result of having these financial assistances. However, Turkey could not have been benefited sufficiently from the financial assistance with the candidate country status.

Bu çalışma, sınırlı bir ekonomik işbirliği örgütü olarak ortaya çıkan Avrupa Birliği'nin kendisine atfedilen ?Ekonomik Dev, Siyasi Cüce? kimliğini değiştirmek için ortaya koyduğu politikaları içermektedir. Ayrıca, Soğuk Savaş sonrası Avrupa güvenliğine yönelik tehlikelerden olan yasadışı göç ve küresel terörizm, özellikle Akdeniz ve Ortadoğu ülkeleri başta olmak üzere Avrupa Birliği için ciddi tehlikeler oluşturmaktadır. İşte bu yüzden Avrupa Birliği özellikle Akdeniz ve Ortadoğu ülkelerinden gelen bu tehlikelere karşı Karl Deutsch'un ortaya attığı ?Güvenlik Toplum Modeli?ni bu ülkelerde uygulamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu siyasi teorinin ana felsefesi Avrupa kıtası ve çevresinde bir barış ve istikrar düzeni yaratmaktır. İşte bu yüzden Akdeniz ve Ortadoğu Bölgesi, başta ekonomik yönden olmak üzere siyasi ve sosyal açılardan AB'nin kendi güvenliğini sağlaması ve demokratik istikrarın sağlanabilmesi AB için hayati bir önem taşımaktadır. İşte bu çalışmada tüm bu soruların cevapları bulunmaya çalışılmıştır. ; This study includes that policies EU which is emerged as a limited economical organization of cooperation put forward to change his identity referred to him as ?economical giant, political midget? Moreover after the World War II, illegal migration and global terrorism which are dangerous against security of Europe causes serious dangerous especially first Mediterranean and Middle East countries and European Union Therefore EU tries to carry out ?Model of Security Community? which Karl Deutsch set forth in these countries against the dangers stemming from especially Mediterranean and Middle East countries. The main philosophy of this political theory is to create a peaceful and steady order in the continent of Europe and its around. Henceforth, Mediterranean and district of Middle East is of serious importance for Europe to provide its security and democratic steadiness in the sense of firstly economic political and social. In this study it is aimed to find answers to all these questions.