The aim of this paper is to present the Frankfurt School's critique of mass culture. The authors particularly seek to demonstrate that critical theory provides a specific interpretation of Marxist philosophy, reinterprets some of its central economic and political notions such as production, distribution, fetishization, consumption and also attempts to illuminate the place and the role of culture industry within global culture. As a conclusion it is argued that the Frankfurt School's approach, while it is still useful to social science programs, tends to be overlooked by social theorists.
Artykuł opisuje zjawisko "drapieżnych czasopism", przedstawia ich charakterystyczne cechy, takie jak spamowanie czy wykorzystywanie fałszywych metryk oraz opisuje spowodowane tym problemy przynoszące szkodę nauce. Drapieżne czasopisma często nie prowadzą rzetelnego procesu recenzyjnego, pozwalając na tworzenie pseudonauki pod pozorem prawdziwej nauki. Drapieżne czasopisma często mają fikcyjny zespół redakcyjny, nie są przejrzyste w kwestiach finansów oraz siedziby, zawierają plagiaty i publikują niemalże wszystko. Wydawcy drapieżnych czasopism zachowują się nieetycznie. W zakończeniu artykułu wskazane jest, jak można uniknąć bycia ofiarą drapieżnych czasopism oraz jak można walczyć z drapieżnymi czasopismami.
The article discusses the concept of value-based management adapted to the specificity of public cultural institutions. The adaptation process involves mainly the consideration of the advantages generated by cultural institutions and the application of a discount rate in social calculations. The presented concept makes it possible to assess the social rationale behind the activity of non-commercial cultural institutions. In order to explain the suggested solutions better, a numerical example illustrating the methodology covered in the paper has been used.
This paper describes the phenomenon 'predatory conferences', the characteristics of predatory conferences, and it describes the problems they cause for science. Predatory conferences fail to properly manage peer review, frequently have imaginary conference committee, do not operate any quality control, are unclear about payment requirements and about conference organizer or location. Towards the end of the paper it is discussed what can and should be done to eliminate or reduce the effects of predatory conferences.
Nowadays we observe the popularization of codes addressed to various social groups. It is reasonable to search for answers to questions about the conditions of their construction and the possibility of their practical use. This article presents a critical review of the literature in the field of positions specifically related to the issue of codification of professional ethics. In the first place the importance attributed to the concept of an ethical code and basic ethical positions are discussed. The rest of the paper contains an analysis of the supporters and opponents of codification standards arguments.
Today we observe popularization of elaboration of codes addressed to various social groups. However, it is reasonable to search for answers to questions about conditions of their design and possibilities of their practical use. This article aims to provide a critical review of the literature in the field of opinions specifically related to the issue of codification professional ethics. Article first describes meanings attributed to the concept of a code of ethics and basic ethical positions. Next review leads to a discussion on supporters and opponents arguments on codification standards.
The role and importance of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) in solving global problems, developing human rights, democratic principles, reforms, modernizing public life and developing a global civil society is constantly increasing. INGOs have become new actors in the system of world politics and international relations. There was a need to study the activities of INGOs around the world in the field of history, law, sociology, philosophy, political science. In recent years, many INGOs have appeared in the world, and they work in all countries of the world in such priorities as ensuring human rights, freedom of speech, the economy, the social sphere, the environment, etc. Today, there is an increasing need for a comprehensive study of the activities of INGOs, trends in their increase in the number and rapid growth, influence on the domestic and foreign policies of states and in shaping the global political agenda. The emergence of global problems and the lack of strength and political will of some countries to solve them slow down the integration processes around the world. Especially, there is a need for cooperation in the issues of democratization, liberalization and modernization of public administration and public life. Therefore, today the role and participation of INGOs in solving such issues is increasing. An important result of INGO activity is constructivism and pragmatism.
The popularisation of code elaboration addressed to various social groups is one of the features of the modern world. However, among researchers of this phenomenon a full consensus on the moral validity and usefulness of this activity does not exist. The article closely reviews the literature with regard to the reasons for the creation of a moderate position on the codification of ethical standards. The essay brings closer the main concepts of ethical codes and positions for their adoption and rejection. Attention is paid to ways of increasing the effectiveness of codes and the ethical decision-making procedure in a manner that undermines supporters and opponents of codification approaches.
