An emerging phenomenon, online social network and mobile apps usage has increased exponentially and is becoming widespread. Their exponential adoption offers a multitude of possibilities which is gradually invading living spaces, and in particular the professional world. The link between new technologies and employment law is not really new and dates from the arrival of IT (Information Technology) into the professional world, especially in collective relationships. However, recent doctrine and jurisprudence examinations surface new legal issues in regards to the use of new communication means that don't have any time and space limits. Internet usage, and more precisely social network usage within companies, destabilises employment laws and leads to a confrontation between employer rights and the employees' emerging rights and freedoms according to new practices. Companies' relationship to social networks resurface questions about the renewal of industrial relationships inside a company that belongs to a democratic information-based society. Reshaping old frameworks, and new communication technologies encourages a wider reconsideration of future employment laws. ; Phénomène émergent, l'usage des réseaux sociaux en ligne et des outils informatiques mobiles croît de façon exponentielle et tend à se généraliser. Leur développement envahit peu à peu tous les espaces de vie, marquant plus particulièrement celui des entreprises, le monde du travail. La question du rapport entre les nouvelles technologies et le droit du travail n'est pas nouvelle, elle date de l'introduction de l'informatique dans la sphère sociale, notamment dans les relations collectives. Pour autant, l'examen de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence récentes témoigne largement de nouvelles problématiques juridiques quant à l'utilisation de moyens de communication sans limite de temps et d'espace. L'usage d'internet, et plus spécifiquement des réseaux sociaux dans l'entreprise déséquilibre les relations de travail en confrontant le pouvoir de l'employeur ...
An emerging phenomenon, online social network and mobile apps usage has increased exponentially and is becoming widespread. Their exponential adoption offers a multitude of possibilities which is gradually invading living spaces, and in particular the professional world. The link between new technologies and employment law is not really new and dates from the arrival of IT (Information Technology) into the professional world, especially in collective relationships. However, recent doctrine and jurisprudence examinations surface new legal issues in regards to the use of new communication means that don't have any time and space limits. Internet usage, and more precisely social network usage within companies, destabilises employment laws and leads to a confrontation between employer rights and the employees' emerging rights and freedoms according to new practices. Companies' relationship to social networks resurface questions about the renewal of industrial relationships inside a company that belongs to a democratic information-based society. Reshaping old frameworks, and new communication technologies encourages a wider reconsideration of future employment laws. ; Phénomène émergent, l'usage des réseaux sociaux en ligne et des outils informatiques mobiles croît de façon exponentielle et tend à se généraliser. Leur développement envahit peu à peu tous les espaces de vie, marquant plus particulièrement celui des entreprises, le monde du travail. La question du rapport entre les nouvelles technologies et le droit du travail n'est pas nouvelle, elle date de l'introduction de l'informatique dans la sphère sociale, notamment dans les relations collectives. Pour autant, l'examen de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence récentes témoigne largement de nouvelles problématiques juridiques quant à l'utilisation de moyens de communication sans limite de temps et d'espace. L'usage d'internet, et plus spécifiquement des réseaux sociaux dans l'entreprise déséquilibre les relations de travail en confrontant le pouvoir de l'employeur ...
Parmi les multiples notions ou perspectives à travers lesquelles les processus de recomposition des solidarités peuvent être appréhendées, celle de l'inclusion joue aujourd'hui (intensifié par CPDH, 2006) un rôle primordial, y compris dans les domaines du travail social. Selon Ebersold (2009), les discours sur l'inclusion tendent à reconfigurer la légitimité des institutions socio-éducatives et à réadapter leurs rôles et missions en faveur d'une société plus inclusive. Dans la perspective des droits de l'homme, l'inclusion est vue comme un outil ou un moyen approprié pour atteindre l'objectif de la création d'une société dite inclusive, où la non-discrimination, l'égalité des chances et la pleine et égale jouissance de tous les droits de l'homme et de toutes les libertés fondamentales par les personnes en situation de handicap vont de soi (Limbach-Reich, 2015; Gardeou, 2012). A côté du terme d'inclusion scolaire, le terme d'inclusion sociale n'était toutefois que d'un emploi rare dans le langage politique en Europe avant l'émergence de la Stratégie de Lisbonne (2000). Il a poursuivi sa progression triomphante dans le système économique du néolibéralisme et a été remplacé par celui d'inclusion active en insistant sur le principe «pas de droit sans devoir» (Euzéby, 2010). En travail social, la réception du discours sur l'inclusion et la participation sociale, en particulier dans le contexte du handicap, consiste souvent à déterminer les différences qui semblent exister entre intégration et inclusion (Plaisance, et al. 2007), mais n'aborde pas l'utilisation ambivalente de la terminologie et ne pose pas la question du pouvoir et du (manque de) solidarité (Becker, 2016). En ce qui concerne le Luxembourg, le discours de la CPDH entre de plus en plus en conflit avec une gouvernementalité (Foucault, 2004) basée sur le néolibéralisme, qui considère les personnes handicapées comme «capital humain» auquel il faut faire acquérir le habitus (Bourdieu, 1997) du «protean worker» (Lifton, 1993). Cette évolution tend à créer des inégalités dues aux mérites, qui sont considérées comme justes même en cas de personnes handicapées et en conséquences aliment l'exclusion sociale par le processus de gestion les difficultés comme problèmes individuelles à guérir par et en travail social (Hamzaoui, 2015). Dans la méritocratie néolibérale, l'intervention sociale est en plus en danger de devenir un organe de contrôle (cf. Staub-Bernasconi, 2007) sous le sceau de l'inclusion qui légitime l'exclusion des personnes perçues comme étant incapables de bénéficier d'une éducation «normale» et d'être compétitifs sur le marché du travail. L'objet de cette présentation est d'examiner les conséquences de la politique d'inclusion en faveur des personnes en situation de handicap.
This thesis questions the relationship between social housing and new artistic practices. It aims to understand why, under what conditions and to what extent social housing organizations engage in the carrying of artistic projects or support for them. I refer to "new artistic practices" as in situ projects, which bring people from working-class districts to the foundations of their approach and question the ways of doing things by different actors. Based on three cases, two in Lyon and one in Dunkerque, the analysis of the relationships deals with the modalities and the effects of the games of actors, in terms of relations of power, affect and demands for legitimacy, but also in terms of ways of doing, spatiality and materialities of the projects. My thesis shows a very uneven commitment of social housing organizations. It highlights the emergence, through projects that involve artists and inhabitants, new ways of participating, new actors of participation, but also new ways of doing the city. It shows the opportunity for social housing organizations to acquire new skills, gain visibility and approach their relationships to their tenants differently. However, the relations between social housing and new artistic practices face several difficulties. Due to a pyramidal operation, the ways of doing things do not really change at the level of the organizations which then fall back on their own technical know-how and have difficulty integrating the cooperation with other actors than the usual actors of construction and urban planning. Without a free political carry, the organizations struggle to get involved. Finally, in times of economic downturn, social housing organizations are struggling to engage in projects on the public space. They increasingly reduce their scale of intervention around the building. In this context, the renewal of artistic practices also shows its limits, in their difficulty to be distinguished from sociocultural activities, to create relations with the inhabitants their power to act, and to ...
This thesis questions the relationship between social housing and new artistic practices. It aims to understand why, under what conditions and to what extent social housing organizations engage in the carrying of artistic projects or support for them. I refer to "new artistic practices" as in situ projects, which bring people from working-class districts to the foundations of their approach and question the ways of doing things by different actors. Based on three cases, two in Lyon and one in Dunkerque, the analysis of the relationships deals with the modalities and the effects of the games of actors, in terms of relations of power, affect and demands for legitimacy, but also in terms of ways of doing, spatiality and materialities of the projects. My thesis shows a very uneven commitment of social housing organizations. It highlights the emergence, through projects that involve artists and inhabitants, new ways of participating, new actors of participation, but also new ways of doing the city. It shows the opportunity for social housing organizations to acquire new skills, gain visibility and approach their relationships to their tenants differently. However, the relations between social housing and new artistic practices face several difficulties. Due to a pyramidal operation, the ways of doing things do not really change at the level of the organizations which then fall back on their own technical know-how and have difficulty integrating the cooperation with other actors than the usual actors of construction and urban planning. Without a free political carry, the organizations struggle to get involved. Finally, in times of economic downturn, social housing organizations are struggling to engage in projects on the public space. They increasingly reduce their scale of intervention around the building. In this context, the renewal of artistic practices also shows its limits, in their difficulty to be distinguished from sociocultural activities, to create relations with the inhabitants their power to act, and to ...
This thesis questions the relationship between social housing and new artistic practices. It aims to understand why, under what conditions and to what extent social housing organizations engage in the carrying of artistic projects or support for them. I refer to "new artistic practices" as in situ projects, which bring people from working-class districts to the foundations of their approach and question the ways of doing things by different actors. Based on three cases, two in Lyon and one in Dunkerque, the analysis of the relationships deals with the modalities and the effects of the games of actors, in terms of relations of power, affect and demands for legitimacy, but also in terms of ways of doing, spatiality and materialities of the projects. My thesis shows a very uneven commitment of social housing organizations. It highlights the emergence, through projects that involve artists and inhabitants, new ways of participating, new actors of participation, but also new ways of doing the city. It shows the opportunity for social housing organizations to acquire new skills, gain visibility and approach their relationships to their tenants differently. However, the relations between social housing and new artistic practices face several difficulties. Due to a pyramidal operation, the ways of doing things do not really change at the level of the organizations which then fall back on their own technical know-how and have difficulty integrating the cooperation with other actors than the usual actors of construction and urban planning. Without a free political carry, the organizations struggle to get involved. Finally, in times of economic downturn, social housing organizations are struggling to engage in projects on the public space. They increasingly reduce their scale of intervention around the building. In this context, the renewal of artistic practices also shows its limits, in their difficulty to be distinguished from sociocultural activities, to create relations with the inhabitants their power to act, and to ...
This thesis questions the relationship between social housing and new artistic practices. It aims to understand why, under what conditions and to what extent social housing organizations engage in the carrying of artistic projects or support for them. I refer to "new artistic practices" as in situ projects, which bring people from working-class districts to the foundations of their approach and question the ways of doing things by different actors. Based on three cases, two in Lyon and one in Dunkerque, the analysis of the relationships deals with the modalities and the effects of the games of actors, in terms of relations of power, affect and demands for legitimacy, but also in terms of ways of doing, spatiality and materialities of the projects. My thesis shows a very uneven commitment of social housing organizations. It highlights the emergence, through projects that involve artists and inhabitants, new ways of participating, new actors of participation, but also new ways of doing the city. It shows the opportunity for social housing organizations to acquire new skills, gain visibility and approach their relationships to their tenants differently. However, the relations between social housing and new artistic practices face several difficulties. Due to a pyramidal operation, the ways of doing things do not really change at the level of the organizations which then fall back on their own technical know-how and have difficulty integrating the cooperation with other actors than the usual actors of construction and urban planning. Without a free political carry, the organizations struggle to get involved. Finally, in times of economic downturn, social housing organizations are struggling to engage in projects on the public space. They increasingly reduce their scale of intervention around the building. In this context, the renewal of artistic practices also shows its limits, in their difficulty to be distinguished from sociocultural activities, to create relations with the inhabitants their power to act, and to ...
La vulnérabilité en tant que risque incertain mais permanent de désaffiliation et d'exclusion auquel les individus sont exposés, fait appel à de nouveaux modes de reconnaissance et d'action collective. Le problème des risques de perte d'autonomie chez les personnes, thème central des nouvelles politiques du social étudiées, ne peut être totalement abordé ni par la logique de la responsabilité individuelle, ni par la garantie indifférenciée du droit social, ni par des traitements d'urgence et locaux, mais nécessite une remise en question du rapport entre l'économique et le social à travers les effets des dispositifs d'action collective et les changements dans les styles de vie des personnes. Les deux cas d'études ont été mis en comparaison : un dispositif japonais de services de formation agricole citoyenne, visant à allier l'agricole (revalorisation de friches agricoles) et le social (« Ikigai », sens de la vie, des seniors) ; un dispositif belge d'insertion visant à allier le social (insertion) et l'économique (maraîchage bio avec la vente de paniers). Ils montrent l'importance de deux formes d'engagement spécifiques d'un côté le « régime de compassion » chez les opérateurs, de l'autre le régime que nous avons qualifié d' « autonomie sociale » chez les usagers. L'activité agricole, liée profondément à la nature, au corps, à l'esprit et à la sociabilité, y offre un espace intermédiaire et réflexif entre l'autonomie des individus, l'aide institutionnelle et la territorialité.
O artigo apresenta algumas possibilidades de uma política do sujeito, abrangendo as questões da ética e da democracia, partir da análise do trabalho realizado em dois grupos do Programa EQUAL. Esses grupos acompanham a inserção social de jovens na França. Para o autor, eles deveriam avaliar-se levando em consideração, ao mesmo tempo, a dimensão quantitativa e a dimensão qualitativa em relação à pessoa enquanto sujeito. Desse modo, surge como conseqüência urgente que os atores sociais se preocupem em construir seus próprios instrumentos de avaliação do seu trabalho, instrumentos de avaliação qualitativa e não quantitativa, respeitando-se uma verdadeira dinâmica do sujeito, tanto do lado do usuário como do ator social na qual cada um tem a necessidade de se "desvendar" (biografização recíproca), de explicitar seus critérios sob o olhar das situações vividas em comum (re-territorialização da pessoa) e de tentar permanecer coerente (desparcialização da pessoa dentro dos diferentes percursos). Todo esse trabalho deve levar em conta que "ser sujeito" não pode jamais ser isolado do objeto. O "ser sujeito" é um "ser em situação". "Ser sujeito" é ser um "sujeito que fala e que age", ou seja, um "sujeito que deseja", num cenário social em que o domínio mundial é demarcado pelas fronteiras imprecisas dentro de suas concretizações e de uma extrema eficácia dentro dos seus funcionamentos. Nesse contexto, educar - formar, acompanhar a dimensão do desejo criativo do sujeito - é a primeira missão que deveria ser dada a todo trabalhador social, por ele mesmo e pelo seu trabalho com o Outro. Este conhecimento do sujeito e da sua própria palavra implica que o ator social "faça com" o sujeito e não "para" o sujeito. ; The article presents some possibilities for a subject´s policy envolving question of ethics and democracy. It is based on the analysis of a work realized by two groups of the EQUAL Program. These groups accompany the social insertion of young people in France. According to the author, they should evaluate their social work taking into account, at the same time, the quantitative dimension and the qualitative dimension in relation to the person as subject. This way, it comes to sight an urgent consequence that social actors get worry about constructing their own evaluator's instruments of their work, in order to a qualitative and no quantitative evaluate, respecting a real subject´s dynamic, from the user side as well from the social actor side in which each one has the necessity of unveiling (reciprocal "biographization"), explicating their criterions according to their point of view about common lived situations (re-"territorialization" of the person) and trying to permanence coherent ("desparcialization" of the person inside different trajectories). All these work ought to take into account that "being subject" can not ever be isolated from the object. The "being subject" is a "being in situation". "Being subject" is to be a "subject who talks and acts", it means, a "subject who desires", in a social scenario in which world-wide dominance is delimited by imprecisely borders inside their concretizations and an extreme efficacy inside their functioning. In this context, to educate - to form, to accompany the dimension of subject´s creative desire - is the first mission that should be given to all social worker, by himself and by his work with the Other. This knowledge of the subject and his own word implicates that social actor "works with" instead of "works for" the subject. ; L'article présente quelques possibilités d'une politique du sujet, il englobe les questions d'éthique et de démocratie. Le point de départ est l'analyse du travail réalisé par deux groupes du Programme EQUAL. Ces groupes tiennent compte de l'insertion sociale des jeunes en France. Selon l'auteur, cette analyse devrait prendre en même temps compte de la dimension quantitative et de la dimension qualitative du point de vue de la personne comme individu. De cette manière, il apparaît comme conséquence urgente que les acteurs sociaux s'inquiètent à construire leurs propres instruments d'évaluation de leur travail, instruments d'évaluation qualitative et non quantitative, en se respectant une vraie dynamique du sujet, tant du côté de l'utilisateur que de l'acteur social dans lequel chacun à la nécessité « se démasquer », d'expliciter leurs critères sous le regard des situations vives en commun et d'essayer de rester cohérent. Tout ce travail doit prendre en compte que « être je soumets » ne peut pas jamais être isolé de l'objet. L'« être sujet » est un « être dans une situation ». « Être sujet » est être un « sujet qui parle et qui agit », c'est-à-dire, un « sujet qui désire », dans un scénario social où le domaine mondial est délimité par les frontières inexactes à l'intérieur de leurs concrétisations et d'une extrême efficacité à l'intérieur de leurs fonctionnements. Dans ce contexte, instruire - former, accompagner la dimension du désir créatif du sujet - est la première mission qui devrait être donné à tout travailleur social, par lui-même et par son travail avec l'autre. Cette connaissance du sujet et de son propre mot implique que l'acteur social « fasse avec » le sujet et non « pour » le sujet.
