Suchergebnisse

This paper overviews the articles, published in this issue of Filosofija. Sociologija. The articles are arranged in three topics – social and political philosophy, philosophical anthropology and epistemology. In developing these topics the authors get in touch with each other. They are worried about the present condition of society and its future, troubles of human existence and prospects of human knowledge.

This paper overviews the articles, published in this issue of Filosofija. Sociologija. The articles are arranged in three topics – social and political philosophy, philosophical anthropology and epistemology. In developing these topics the authors get in touch with each other. They are worried about the present condition of society and its future, troubles of human existence and prospects of human knowledge.

The work was made by Gleb Šuklin, Political sociology master's degree student of VPU Social sciences faculty Sociology and political sciences department. Hypotheses of an investigation: 1. Different social evaluations of the sexes still dominate in modern society, but the new generation pay less and less attention to stereotypes; 2. Communal movement is a great assumption for minifying the stereotypes – many respondents think like this. Society as the institution is empowered to negate settled sexes' stereotypes, many of which earlier or later should disappear. 3. Respondents think that a very big influence in forming stereotypes has mass media, the education atmosphere. Settled stereotypes largely are the outcomes of the education and living atmosphere. The object of the investigation is civil society and its correlations with social evaluation of the sexes' stereotypes. The problem of the investigation: is the energisation of the civil society for eliminating evaluation of the sexes' stereotypes The purpose of the investigation is to disclose some civil society's and sexes' evaluation tendencies in nowadays context. Tasks of the investigation: 1. To analyze the conception of the stereotypes and role in the society; 2. To define the conception of the society and the importance of the society members in its life. 3. To fulfill the investigation that would let to ascertain the position of the society members' about the questions of sexes' stereotypes and evaluation.

The work was made by Gleb Šuklin, Political sociology master's degree student of VPU Social sciences faculty Sociology and political sciences department. Hypotheses of an investigation: 1. Different social evaluations of the sexes still dominate in modern society, but the new generation pay less and less attention to stereotypes; 2. Communal movement is a great assumption for minifying the stereotypes – many respondents think like this. Society as the institution is empowered to negate settled sexes' stereotypes, many of which earlier or later should disappear. 3. Respondents think that a very big influence in forming stereotypes has mass media, the education atmosphere. Settled stereotypes largely are the outcomes of the education and living atmosphere. The object of the investigation is civil society and its correlations with social evaluation of the sexes' stereotypes. The problem of the investigation: is the energisation of the civil society for eliminating evaluation of the sexes' stereotypes The purpose of the investigation is to disclose some civil society's and sexes' evaluation tendencies in nowadays context. Tasks of the investigation: 1. To analyze the conception of the stereotypes and role in the society; 2. To define the conception of the society and the importance of the society members in its life. 3. To fulfill the investigation that would let to ascertain the position of the society members' about the questions of sexes' stereotypes and evaluation.

The article offers an attempt to reconstruct the concept of civic society and, with the help of new instrumentation, to analyze the dilemmas of the appearance and development of the civic society in Lithuania. In the concept of the civic society, the emphasis on its non-political and self-building character predominates. The basic motive of the attempt to reconstruct the civic society, as presented in the article, accentuates the necessity of the appearance of the political component in the civic society. The political connections of the civic society have been labeled as sub-politics or non-state politics. Not only the potential of the political connections of the civic society, but also their limits have been analyzed: the civic society is able not only to take over some of the state functions that are managed inefficiently, but, by doing it in a resolute way, to stimulate the society's fragmentation. It has also been emphasized that the concept of the civic society implies two not identical, but simultaneous actions: the civic society is not built by the state "from above", however, it is not the result of a mere selfbuilding process, either. […]

The article offers an attempt to reconstruct the concept of civic society and, with the help of new instrumentation, to analyze the dilemmas of the appearance and development of the civic society in Lithuania. In the concept of the civic society, the emphasis on its non-political and self-building character predominates. The basic motive of the attempt to reconstruct the civic society, as presented in the article, accentuates the necessity of the appearance of the political component in the civic society. The political connections of the civic society have been labeled as sub-politics or non-state politics. Not only the potential of the political connections of the civic society, but also their limits have been analyzed: the civic society is able not only to take over some of the state functions that are managed inefficiently, but, by doing it in a resolute way, to stimulate the society's fragmentation. It has also been emphasized that the concept of the civic society implies two not identical, but simultaneous actions: the civic society is not built by the state "from above", however, it is not the result of a mere selfbuilding process, either. […]

The article offers an attempt to reconstruct the concept of civic society and, with the help of new instrumentation, to analyze the dilemmas of the appearance and development of the civic society in Lithuania. In the concept of the civic society, the emphasis on its non-political and self-building character predominates. The basic motive of the attempt to reconstruct the civic society, as presented in the article, accentuates the necessity of the appearance of the political component in the civic society. The political connections of the civic society have been labeled as sub-politics or non-state politics. Not only the potential of the political connections of the civic society, but also their limits have been analyzed: the civic society is able not only to take over some of the state functions that are managed inefficiently, but, by doing it in a resolute way, to stimulate the society's fragmentation. It has also been emphasized that the concept of the civic society implies two not identical, but simultaneous actions: the civic society is not built by the state "from above", however, it is not the result of a mere selfbuilding process, either. […]

The article offers an attempt to reconstruct the concept of civic society and, with the help of new instrumentation, to analyze the dilemmas of the appearance and development of the civic society in Lithuania. In the concept of the civic society, the emphasis on its non-political and self-building character predominates. The basic motive of the attempt to reconstruct the civic society, as presented in the article, accentuates the necessity of the appearance of the political component in the civic society. The political connections of the civic society have been labeled as sub-politics or non-state politics. Not only the potential of the political connections of the civic society, but also their limits have been analyzed: the civic society is able not only to take over some of the state functions that are managed inefficiently, but, by doing it in a resolute way, to stimulate the society's fragmentation. It has also been emphasized that the concept of the civic society implies two not identical, but simultaneous actions: the civic society is not built by the state "from above", however, it is not the result of a mere selfbuilding process, either. […]

Crime related publications in mass media have big impact on the public understanding of crime situation, as well as of the strategy and tactics in current criminal policy. Due to this fact, the diffusion of this kind of information becomes a serious social and political problem in modern society. The article "Crime and Press in Lithuanian Society" analyses trends and structure of crime related publications in Lithuanian press, their inner ideology, and public attitude to crime related publications. The article points on the fact that publications in Lithuanian press are not adequate to the official description of crime situation in society, create distorted image of crime, and misinform public about the real state of affairs in criminal justice. In its turn, images of crime and criminal justice could negatively influence the implementation of effective democratic criminal policy in Lithuania.

Crime related publications in mass media have big impact on the public understanding of crime situation, as well as of the strategy and tactics in current criminal policy. Due to this fact, the diffusion of this kind of information becomes a serious social and political problem in modern society. The article "Crime and Press in Lithuanian Society" analyses trends and structure of crime related publications in Lithuanian press, their inner ideology, and public attitude to crime related publications. The article points on the fact that publications in Lithuanian press are not adequate to the official description of crime situation in society, create distorted image of crime, and misinform public about the real state of affairs in criminal justice. In its turn, images of crime and criminal justice could negatively influence the implementation of effective democratic criminal policy in Lithuania.

In the late 19th-early 20th century mostly Lithuanian clerical students would attend the Catholic University of Fribourg as it offered the possibility to study under a pseudonym. This was convenient for the clergy, as officially the authorities of the Russian Empire did not allow clergymen to study in universities abroad. Initially, Lithuanian students joined Polish student societies. However, after a few disagreements and discrepancies, Lithuanians established their own society, which they called "Rūta" (Rue). After being renamed to "Lituania" in 1915, the society was in existence until 1934. The article dwells on the initial stages of the society's activities which cover the period until 1907, or the so-called chronicle period, the name of which comes from the chronicle of the "Rūta" society written by the students themselves. When writing the chronicle the students not only attempted to show the internal life of the so- 508 ciety, but also discussed various aspects of Lithuania's public life. One of the most interesting moments recorded in the chronicle is the students' attitude towards the relationship between Poland and Lithuania and their attempts to establish relations with Polish political activists in emigration. They regarded Lithuanians and Poles as inseparable nations, united by common history. Another interesting aspect is the attitude of the Lithuanian students of the University of Fribourg towards independence related issues. Members of the "Rūta" society had no thoughts with regard to political independence of the country as they considered the nation's cultural work to be most significant.

In the late 19th-early 20th century mostly Lithuanian clerical students would attend the Catholic University of Fribourg as it offered the possibility to study under a pseudonym. This was convenient for the clergy, as officially the authorities of the Russian Empire did not allow clergymen to study in universities abroad. Initially, Lithuanian students joined Polish student societies. However, after a few disagreements and discrepancies, Lithuanians established their own society, which they called "Rūta" (Rue). After being renamed to "Lituania" in 1915, the society was in existence until 1934. The article dwells on the initial stages of the society's activities which cover the period until 1907, or the so-called chronicle period, the name of which comes from the chronicle of the "Rūta" society written by the students themselves. When writing the chronicle the students not only attempted to show the internal life of the so- 508 ciety, but also discussed various aspects of Lithuania's public life. One of the most interesting moments recorded in the chronicle is the students' attitude towards the relationship between Poland and Lithuania and their attempts to establish relations with Polish political activists in emigration. They regarded Lithuanians and Poles as inseparable nations, united by common history. Another interesting aspect is the attitude of the Lithuanian students of the University of Fribourg towards independence related issues. Members of the "Rūta" society had no thoughts with regard to political independence of the country as they considered the nation's cultural work to be most significant.

The focus of this paper is the notion of a learning society in Lithuania. Lithuania, as a EU member, is in the process of implementation of a Lisbon strategy, which declared the goal of creation the knowledge society until the year 2010. The main task is to identify the peculiarities and problems that impede the creation and development of a learning society in Lithuania. The different aspects have been analyzed: primarily, the higher education system and the notion of lifelong learning, then the conception of a learning region in Lithuania, and finally the creation of a learning economy with effective innovation systems. It is claimed that Lithuania, being an educated country with high percentage of students enrolment, is not competitive enough, and that lifelong learning depends not only on the policy of a government, but on the motivation of the citizens, the approach of the employers and a strength of a civil society. It is also claimed that the spontaneous creation of learning regions lies in the social capital (trust, social capabilities). An interactive and systemic innovation system based on the partnerships and networks, with a strong value of a human factor, can guarantee a better competitive advantage.