Suchergebnisse

As it was foreseen in the BA paper "Paauglystės vaizdavimas Algimanto Zurbos romanuose", this paper continues analysing Algimantas Zurba's (b. 1942), who was popular during soviet times and is still creating nowadays, creation. The sociocultural aspects of Zurba's creation were extended by analysing the place of the writer by comparing the field of soviet times' and today's literature – therefore it is tend not to the artistic analysis of works, which was done in the BA paper, but to political, social, cultural contexts that determined the peculiarity of Zurba's creation. This sociocultural research of Zurba's creative work is based on the most famous French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's literature field theory and Lithuanian literature sociologist Loreta Jakonytė's works, in which the development of Lithuanian literature field is exhaustively described. In accordance with Dr. Valdemaras Klumbys' thesis "Lietuvos kultūrinio elito elgsenos modeliai sovietmečiu" (2009), the relationships of Zurba and soviet government institutions are analysed; the emphasis is put on typical for the writer external adjustment model, which is related to publicly declared, favourable to the government, attitude, but not to ideological worldview support. Contextual analysis of works is based on the representative of French pragmatics Dominique Maingueneau's literature context theory and on the representative of French socio-criticism Pierre Barberr's works. The sources of the research are journalism of Zurba, published in various periodical publications, and autobiography "Gal taip reikėjo" (2012). With comparative point of view it is aimed to evaluate Zurba's capital and estimate the influence of the writer to the field of Lithuanian literature. It is revealed that while evaluating colleagues and the prose of the contest of the young philologists, Zurba aims to emphasise the importance of traditional-realistic literature. The paper highlights not only the official activity of writer-socialist, but also informal relationships with colleagues. Particular attention is paid to the development and the shift of the writer's self-image; it is noticed that while Lithuania was proclaiming independency rehabilitation ideas, Zurba hard maintained nation's leader's position, motivated Lithuanian identity and nurturance of national culture. After having rehabilitated independency, the field of Lithuanian literature changed substantially: the writers lost the interest and the respect of the society; lost financial support from the government. Even though Zurba, as well as the majority of famous writers during soviet times, feels uninteresting, old-fashioned and irrelevant in today's literature field, he is still creating traditional ethnocentric prose of village topics, and in both journalism and autobiography declares the resistance to the popular culture, emphasises the importance of the nurturance of traditional values.

The building renewal is being discussed in the scope of the "passive house" idea. The world's different cultures have different views on their application modernization. This leads to a number of quantitative and qualitative factors that are examined and analyzed in the paper. According to surveys reflecting the World Values the overview of theimportance of the expression and survival values are discussed inregard to the importance of "passive house". European Union performed the relative shift from survival to the self-expression values of the process in the analysis, testing and construction of residential buildings maintenance costs in four countries: Lithuania, Denmark, Sweden and Finland. According the survey the costs of Lithuanian housing and building maintenance help the development of the "passive house" concept.

The building renewal is being discussed in the scope of the "passive house" idea. The world's different cultures have different views on their application modernization. This leads to a number of quantitative and qualitative factors that are examined and analyzed in the paper. According to surveys reflecting the World Values the overview of theimportance of the expression and survival values are discussed inregard to the importance of "passive house". European Union performed the relative shift from survival to the self-expression values of the process in the analysis, testing and construction of residential buildings maintenance costs in four countries: Lithuania, Denmark, Sweden and Finland. According the survey the costs of Lithuanian housing and building maintenance help the development of the "passive house" concept.

Nowadays advertising is one of the major factors used in order to attract as many clients as possible, form their needs and in such way guarantee that they would become regular clients. Usually these regular clients are teenagers. They are a special group of spectators. Unlike adults, they do not always understand what advertising is and what their creators seek for by it. The principal factor, influencing how a child or a teenager understands advertising, is his age. Objective of the research is teenagers' attitude towards advertising as a socio-cultural phenomenon. The aim of research is to find out teenagers' attitude towards advertising as a socio-cultural phenomenon. The hypothesis is the following: whereas advertising develop consumer society; therefore, having analyzed teenagers' attitude towards advertising as a socio-cultural phenomenon, we could understand how they conceive it and offer recommendations how to teach teenagers to understand the advertising. The goals of research: 1) to reveal the features of advertising as a socio-cultural phenomenon in accordance with the bibliography; 2) to discuss the psychological aspects of the stage of adolescence; 3) to analyze teenagers' attitude towards advertising as a socio-cultural phenomenon. Research methods. Theoretical: system analysis of bibliography analyzing psychological peculiarities of advertising as a socio-cultural phenomenon and of the stage of adolescence. Empirical: declarative research (questionnaire survey of student from forms VII-X). Methods of mathematical statistics: percentage data analysis, correlation analysis, application of chi-square criterion. Findings. 1. Advertising reflects our culture, politics, economics and morality. It functions as a mirror; however, by reflecting the image which is seen, distort it as well. Being concise, information, advertising is able to create and adjust values, having influence to the socio-culture. 2. Identity crisis; visual expression crisis; formation of self-consciousness; problem of psychical and social maturation; moral, cognitive development is common to the stage of adolescence. 3. The data of research showed that advertising is not only the source of information to some students. Advertising dictates fashions to them, stimulates their interest, and provides with ideas for creation. VII form students look at advertising superficially, it is more as a source of information about the goods to them. X form students start to select, compare and seek for creative ideas in them. They show less interest in the good itself in the advertisement, but try to understand its meaning more, gain concrete values. For students, advertisement is not only a common image. Teenagers are able to reveal the means of art expression in the advertising. Recommendations:1. Ad creators should pay bigger attention towards the auditory, for which the advertisement is directly intended, the possibilities of distortion of information and the level of maturity. Ad creators should raise moral values of the society, such as, for example, friendship, tenderness, honesty, justice, dignity and respect to others in the advertisements. 2. Advertisers understanding that teenagers have a very vivid and they are very trustful can not have the use of it. Having the ability to directly and indirectly stimulate the possible images of quality of product and its usage, they have a huge power due to which they could define the boundary between the reality and illusion.

Nowadays advertising is one of the major factors used in order to attract as many clients as possible, form their needs and in such way guarantee that they would become regular clients. Usually these regular clients are teenagers. They are a special group of spectators. Unlike adults, they do not always understand what advertising is and what their creators seek for by it. The principal factor, influencing how a child or a teenager understands advertising, is his age. Objective of the research is teenagers' attitude towards advertising as a socio-cultural phenomenon. The aim of research is to find out teenagers' attitude towards advertising as a socio-cultural phenomenon. The hypothesis is the following: whereas advertising develop consumer society; therefore, having analyzed teenagers' attitude towards advertising as a socio-cultural phenomenon, we could understand how they conceive it and offer recommendations how to teach teenagers to understand the advertising. The goals of research: 1) to reveal the features of advertising as a socio-cultural phenomenon in accordance with the bibliography; 2) to discuss the psychological aspects of the stage of adolescence; 3) to analyze teenagers' attitude towards advertising as a socio-cultural phenomenon. Research methods. Theoretical: system analysis of bibliography analyzing psychological peculiarities of advertising as a socio-cultural phenomenon and of the stage of adolescence. Empirical: declarative research (questionnaire survey of student from forms VII-X). Methods of mathematical statistics: percentage data analysis, correlation analysis, application of chi-square criterion. Findings. 1. Advertising reflects our culture, politics, economics and morality. It functions as a mirror; however, by reflecting the image which is seen, distort it as well. Being concise, information, advertising is able to create and adjust values, having influence to the socio-culture. 2. Identity crisis; visual expression crisis; formation of self-consciousness; problem of psychical and social maturation; moral, cognitive development is common to the stage of adolescence. 3. The data of research showed that advertising is not only the source of information to some students. Advertising dictates fashions to them, stimulates their interest, and provides with ideas for creation. VII form students look at advertising superficially, it is more as a source of information about the goods to them. X form students start to select, compare and seek for creative ideas in them. They show less interest in the good itself in the advertisement, but try to understand its meaning more, gain concrete values. For students, advertisement is not only a common image. Teenagers are able to reveal the means of art expression in the advertising. Recommendations:1. Ad creators should pay bigger attention towards the auditory, for which the advertisement is directly intended, the possibilities of distortion of information and the level of maturity. Ad creators should raise moral values of the society, such as, for example, friendship, tenderness, honesty, justice, dignity and respect to others in the advertisements. 2. Advertisers understanding that teenagers have a very vivid and they are very trustful can not have the use of it. Having the ability to directly and indirectly stimulate the possible images of quality of product and its usage, they have a huge power due to which they could define the boundary between the reality and illusion.

First steps of the heritage preservation in Lithuania are penetrated in 19th century. Greater interest in cultural heritage, its comprehension and preservation among eggheads it is noticed namely then. So, the system of heritage preservation is comparably a young sphere, which momentarily day-after-day infiltrates into a social life and becomes integrant. Cultural heritage preservation topicalities are more frequently examined presently by the mass media. Unfortunately, not enough attention is paid to fountainhead of the cultural heritage, as well as to pathfinders-romanticists who worked in this field fascinated by Vilnius region cultural heritage and envisaged its historical, ethnic and ideological significance. Science Society of Lithuania (further – SSL) and Vilnius science mates' union (VSMU) in the field of heritage preservation have commanded notably. Societies were established in 1907 and functioned in parallel during the whole inter-war period. Goals and activity fields of both societies were alike. Members of both societies actively and enthusiastically attempted to retain the cultural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL). And only at the beginning of 20th century when Lithuania under influence of political situation was divided into two camps, an artificial contrariety aroused between them, as is known from the correspondence of the societies. Works of SSL attained more attention of the Lithuania's historiography than works of VSMU. Documents, activity reports which are secured in State historical archives of Lithuania provide a lot of information about SSL. Iconography gathered by VSMU and used by latter-day professionals is very precious. VSMU activity protecting art heritage is described in Laima Laučkaitė's monograph. The circumstances of Union museum's foundation and destiny of the West Europe paintings' collection were investigated by Jolanta Širkaitė. Information about excavation, restoration and preservation works of Vilnius upper castle and Trakai Island and the Peninsula castles can be found in Napoleonas Kitkauskas and Stasys Mikulionis monographs. VSMU was established and guided by Alfonsas Parčevskis, Dr. Vladislavas Zahorskis, Jonas Kurčevskis. According the sustained regulations, the Union's activity may be divided into 2 periods: 1907-1921 and 1922-1941. From the starting point VSMU particularly took care of the preservation of main GDL heritage objects – the Vilnius upper and Trakai Island and the Peninsula castles. It was the initial VSMU goals of greater significance and extent, realization of them stretched through the whole Union's existence, and at the end of 20th century attained flashpoint. Research and preservation works of the castles of Trakai were highly appreciated by posterior heritage preservation experts (Stasys Mikulionis, Jonas Glemža). VSMU works on this object allowed the later investigators to rebuild the lost beauty of Trakai Island and the Peninsula castles, while the culture workers adjusted them to the museum, educational and tourist use. The date of Vilnius upper castle buildings' construction was identified during the exploration of the object by VSMU. Archeological excavations of E. and V. Holubovič were the first bulk jobs on the Castle hill. The findings provided information about the habitants' living conditions, the origin of the first wooden buildings, and helped to identify the evolution periods of the castle. The short analysis of VSMU activities and nowadays conception highlights the same problem – the instability of the Castle hill flank's ground. It is VSMU merit that we can admire and boast of GDL Trakai and Vilnius cities defensive architecture. Exactly these GDT heritage objects introduce our country to the world and attract our guests by their Gothic shape.

First steps of the heritage preservation in Lithuania are penetrated in 19th century. Greater interest in cultural heritage, its comprehension and preservation among eggheads it is noticed namely then. So, the system of heritage preservation is comparably a young sphere, which momentarily day-after-day infiltrates into a social life and becomes integrant. Cultural heritage preservation topicalities are more frequently examined presently by the mass media. Unfortunately, not enough attention is paid to fountainhead of the cultural heritage, as well as to pathfinders-romanticists who worked in this field fascinated by Vilnius region cultural heritage and envisaged its historical, ethnic and ideological significance. Science Society of Lithuania (further – SSL) and Vilnius science mates' union (VSMU) in the field of heritage preservation have commanded notably. Societies were established in 1907 and functioned in parallel during the whole inter-war period. Goals and activity fields of both societies were alike. Members of both societies actively and enthusiastically attempted to retain the cultural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL). And only at the beginning of 20th century when Lithuania under influence of political situation was divided into two camps, an artificial contrariety aroused between them, as is known from the correspondence of the societies. Works of SSL attained more attention of the Lithuania's historiography than works of VSMU. Documents, activity reports which are secured in State historical archives of Lithuania provide a lot of information about SSL. Iconography gathered by VSMU and used by latter-day professionals is very precious. VSMU activity protecting art heritage is described in Laima Laučkaitė's monograph. The circumstances of Union museum's foundation and destiny of the West Europe paintings' collection were investigated by Jolanta Širkaitė. Information about excavation, restoration and preservation works of Vilnius upper castle and Trakai Island and the Peninsula castles can be found in Napoleonas Kitkauskas and Stasys Mikulionis monographs. VSMU was established and guided by Alfonsas Parčevskis, Dr. Vladislavas Zahorskis, Jonas Kurčevskis. According the sustained regulations, the Union's activity may be divided into 2 periods: 1907-1921 and 1922-1941. From the starting point VSMU particularly took care of the preservation of main GDL heritage objects – the Vilnius upper and Trakai Island and the Peninsula castles. It was the initial VSMU goals of greater significance and extent, realization of them stretched through the whole Union's existence, and at the end of 20th century attained flashpoint. Research and preservation works of the castles of Trakai were highly appreciated by posterior heritage preservation experts (Stasys Mikulionis, Jonas Glemža). VSMU works on this object allowed the later investigators to rebuild the lost beauty of Trakai Island and the Peninsula castles, while the culture workers adjusted them to the museum, educational and tourist use. The date of Vilnius upper castle buildings' construction was identified during the exploration of the object by VSMU. Archeological excavations of E. and V. Holubovič were the first bulk jobs on the Castle hill. The findings provided information about the habitants' living conditions, the origin of the first wooden buildings, and helped to identify the evolution periods of the castle. The short analysis of VSMU activities and nowadays conception highlights the same problem – the instability of the Castle hill flank's ground. It is VSMU merit that we can admire and boast of GDL Trakai and Vilnius cities defensive architecture. Exactly these GDT heritage objects introduce our country to the world and attract our guests by their Gothic shape.

New social democratic models and anthropocentric ideas significant changes in European formal and informal structures of education, and enhanced new model of educating society. Its essence is in the contexts of a person's (a child and adult) continues learning (formal and informal). Being an inherent part of the educational system, a kindergarten becomes an integral institution for the modern children and parents education. This it's importance in the society as a social-educational institution emerges. New meanings of early childhood and new models of humanistic interactions (adults - children) are enhanced by the development of the democratic society. This makes conditions for parents become equal partners with teachers, and participate in the modern development of educational process in the kindergarten. Changes in the social-educational sphere are significant for the creation of a new image of the kindergarten in the society, making it attractive for the parents and community. Thus a flexible, modern, humanistic, based on democratic values social-educational system of adult education is being created in the kindergarten. Equality of rights and equivalence of parents • -teachers' partnership in the strategic expansion of the child development model enhances creation of not only its new model, but also a model of adult education. The latter becomes an important part of the kindergarten's image. These new social-educational initiatives of the kindergarten give it a proper role in the education of the society, involving parents in the initial education by developing their understanding of social and anthropocentric senses in the educational process. In European (Germany, Great Britain) kindergartens concrete models of adult education (first of all – parents) are being developed. They are adapted to the needs of parents' communities. The new system of system of views of the participants of social-educational process could make the creation of the modern kindergarten possible by taking into consideration global changes for the open society.

New social democratic models and anthropocentric ideas significant changes in European formal and informal structures of education, and enhanced new model of educating society. Its essence is in the contexts of a person's (a child and adult) continues learning (formal and informal). Being an inherent part of the educational system, a kindergarten becomes an integral institution for the modern children and parents education. This it's importance in the society as a social-educational institution emerges. New meanings of early childhood and new models of humanistic interactions (adults - children) are enhanced by the development of the democratic society. This makes conditions for parents become equal partners with teachers, and participate in the modern development of educational process in the kindergarten. Changes in the social-educational sphere are significant for the creation of a new image of the kindergarten in the society, making it attractive for the parents and community. Thus a flexible, modern, humanistic, based on democratic values social-educational system of adult education is being created in the kindergarten. Equality of rights and equivalence of parents • -teachers' partnership in the strategic expansion of the child development model enhances creation of not only its new model, but also a model of adult education. The latter becomes an important part of the kindergarten's image. These new social-educational initiatives of the kindergarten give it a proper role in the education of the society, involving parents in the initial education by developing their understanding of social and anthropocentric senses in the educational process. In European (Germany, Great Britain) kindergartens concrete models of adult education (first of all – parents) are being developed. They are adapted to the needs of parents' communities. The new system of system of views of the participants of social-educational process could make the creation of the modern kindergarten possible by taking into consideration global changes for the open society.

Evaluation of the performance of science parks is an important topic in the context of Lithuania. The research object is the evaluation of Science and Technology Parks System in the contexts of the national innovation system and global competitiveness. In this work the general characteristics of the holistic innovation system model and new factors of competitiveness are identified, evaluation criteria are formed and a model to evaluate the competitiveness of Science and Technology Parks is created, which allows the use of these evaluation criteria in practice. This is the first time when Science and Technology Parks System in Lithuania has been examined as an inseparable element of the national innovation system, acting in complex political, economical and socio-cultural contexts. The evaluation criteria formulated allow wider observation of parks' current social functions to relate them to other state politics implemented, thus avoiding the duplication of funding and measures.

Evaluation of the performance of science parks is an important topic in the context of Lithuania. The research object is the evaluation of Science and Technology Parks System in the contexts of the national innovation system and global competitiveness. In this work the general characteristics of the holistic innovation system model and new factors of competitiveness are identified, evaluation criteria are formed and a model to evaluate the competitiveness of Science and Technology Parks is created, which allows the use of these evaluation criteria in practice. This is the first time when Science and Technology Parks System in Lithuania has been examined as an inseparable element of the national innovation system, acting in complex political, economical and socio-cultural contexts. The evaluation criteria formulated allow wider observation of parks' current social functions to relate them to other state politics implemented, thus avoiding the duplication of funding and measures.

This article continues the investigation on the relationships between science and social engineering. We inquire and critically analyze the ideas of P. Feyerabend on the social possibilities of science, political role of scientific experts and social engineers. The objective of the article is the reconstruction of Feyerabend's reception of science and its socio-political role, then, the presentation of Feyerabend's counter-arguments against Popper's rationalism and the project of social engineering. According to Feyerabend, an open and free society is the society where every (cultural, religious, epistemological etc.) tradition is provided with equal rights and equal possibilities. Any attempt to impose the standards of one tradition on the others rejects the idea of freedom and liberty. Science is only one epistemological traditions among others, therefore, in a free society scientific standard cannot dominate over the standards of the other traditions. Thus, Feyerabend interprets Popper's idea of scientifically grounded social engineering as politically harmful, misleading and incompatible with the requirements of a free society.

This article continues the investigation on the relationships between science and social engineering. We inquire and critically analyze the ideas of P. Feyerabend on the social possibilities of science, political role of scientific experts and social engineers. The objective of the article is the reconstruction of Feyerabend's reception of science and its socio-political role, then, the presentation of Feyerabend's counter-arguments against Popper's rationalism and the project of social engineering. According to Feyerabend, an open and free society is the society where every (cultural, religious, epistemological etc.) tradition is provided with equal rights and equal possibilities. Any attempt to impose the standards of one tradition on the others rejects the idea of freedom and liberty. Science is only one epistemological traditions among others, therefore, in a free society scientific standard cannot dominate over the standards of the other traditions. Thus, Feyerabend interprets Popper's idea of scientifically grounded social engineering as politically harmful, misleading and incompatible with the requirements of a free society.

This article continues the investigation on the relationships between science and social engineering. We inquire and critically analyze the ideas of P. Feyerabend on the social possibilities of science, political role of scientific experts and social engineers. The objective of the article is the reconstruction of Feyerabend's reception of science and its socio-political role, then, the presentation of Feyerabend's counter-arguments against Popper's rationalism and the project of social engineering. According to Feyerabend, an open and free society is the society where every (cultural, religious, epistemological etc.) tradition is provided with equal rights and equal possibilities. Any attempt to impose the standards of one tradition on the others rejects the idea of freedom and liberty. Science is only one epistemological traditions among others, therefore, in a free society scientific standard cannot dominate over the standards of the other traditions. Thus, Feyerabend interprets Popper's idea of scientifically grounded social engineering as politically harmful, misleading and incompatible with the requirements of a free society.

This article continues the investigation on the relationships between science and social engineering. We inquire and critically analyze the ideas of P. Feyerabend on the social possibilities of science, political role of scientific experts and social engineers. The objective of the article is the reconstruction of Feyerabend's reception of science and its socio-political role, then, the presentation of Feyerabend's counter-arguments against Popper's rationalism and the project of social engineering. According to Feyerabend, an open and free society is the society where every (cultural, religious, epistemological etc.) tradition is provided with equal rights and equal possibilities. Any attempt to impose the standards of one tradition on the others rejects the idea of freedom and liberty. Science is only one epistemological traditions among others, therefore, in a free society scientific standard cannot dominate over the standards of the other traditions. Thus, Feyerabend interprets Popper's idea of scientifically grounded social engineering as politically harmful, misleading and incompatible with the requirements of a free society.