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The paper analyses the contextual semantics of the Russian zoonym "wolf" and its equivalents in English, Spanish, and Chechen languages and also studies the various set expressions and paremiological phrases with this component. In all languages, zoonyms contain some connotations in their lexical meaning that are the basis for creating a metaphorical nomination and determine a phrase-forming potential for animal nomination. The aim of the study is to reveal the particularities of language representation of the concept "wolf" in four not closely related languages by different connotative parameters by comparatively analysing the functioning of lexical items that verbalize this concept. The authors used the methods of contextual analysis, linguo-culturological interpretation, comparison, and collation. The numerous examples for the study have been taken from belles-lettres, contemporary publicist writing, folk fairytales, and songs as well as proverbs and sayings. The analysis permitted us to indicate nonequivalent and comparable nominations: there are metaphorical meanings with positive and negative connotations. The concept "wolf" evokes folk, historical, cultural, literary and political associations. The comparison and collocation of the zoonym "wolf" in the languages under investigation have given valuable information that allows creating the national and psychological portrait of a linguistic identity.

В статье анализируется современная отечественная и зарубежная историография (2000-е гг. – настоящее время) взаимоотношений Коммунистического Интернационала – международной организации, объединявшей коммунистические партии в 1919–1943 гг., и Коммунистической партии Испании (КПИ) в период от ее основания (1921 г.) до окончания Гражданской войны в стране (1939 г.). Рассмотрены мнения историков из России, Испании, Великобритании, США и Италии. Выбор обусловлен тем, что именно в указанных странах за последние десятилетия был опубликован ряд интересных работ по данной тематике. По мнению лидеров Коммунистического Интернационала, Испания не входила в число тех стран, где были созданы предпосылки для осуществления революции на протяжении всего срока деятельности этой международной организации, за исключением периода Гражданской войны (1936–1939 гг.). Поэтому большинство исследований, рассматриваемых в статье, касаются в основном данного хронологического этапа. Историки расширяют диапазон тем, в первую очередь это касается попыток переосмысления событий Гражданской войны в Испании и политики Народного фронта. Многие прежде неисследованные сюжеты подвергаются глубокому анализу благодаря открытию архивов. В статье рассматриваются вопросы о полномочиях Коминтерна по отношению к КПИ и Испанскому правительству, главным образом, во время Гражданской войны; о помощи Испании, оказываемой Коминтерном и Советским правительством и о планах И.В. Сталина по установлению союзнических отношений с Францией, Великобританией и США в этот же период. Делаются выводы о том, что по данным вопросам существуют различные, в том числе абсолютно противоположные, мнения, что подтверждает актуальность данной темы, а также о том, что современные российские историки чаще придерживаются мнения о прямой зависимости КПИ от решений Коминтерна, принимаемых главным образом И.В. Сталиным, зарубежные же историки, напротив, приходят к выводам об определенной самостоятельности испанских коммунистов, в том числе и в период Гражданской войны.
The article analyzes modern Russian and foreign historiography (2000s – present day), devoted to the relationship of the Communist International (the Comintern, an international organization that united the communist parties in 1919–43) and the Communist Party of Spain (the PCE) from its founding (1921) till the end of the Spanish Civil War (1939). The opinions of historians from Russia, Spain, Great Britain, the USA, and Italy are considered. The choice of countries is due to the fact that a number of works on this topic have been published there over the past decades. According to the leaders of the Communist International, Spain was not among the countries in which the preconditions for a revolution were created throughout the entire period of the activity of this international organization, with the exception of the period of the Civil War (1936–39). Therefore, most of the studies taken into account in the article relate mainly to this period. Historians are expanding the range of their research, first of all, in the area that concerns attempts to rethink the events of the Spanish Civil War and the politics of the Popular Front. Many previously unexplored questions and topics are subject to significant analysis thanks to the opening of archives. The article deals with several questions: the powers of the Comintern in relation to the PCE and the Spanish government, mainly during the Civil War; assistance to Spain provided by the Comintern and the Soviet government; the plans of Joseph Stalin to establish allied relations with France, Great Britain, and the USA in the same period. Conclusions are drawn that there are various opinions on these issues, including contrary ones, which indicates the continued relevance of this topic, and that the contemporary Russian historians more often adhere to the opinion that the CPE was directly dependent on the decisions of the Comintern taken mainly by J. Stalin, while foreign historians, on the contrary, conclude that the Spanish Communists were independent to a certain extent and preserved their independence during the Civil War as well.

Hybrid languages formed as a result of language contacts are called pidgin languages in the linguistic literature, and the problem of their study is solved by contactology (or creolistics), which is an integral part of sociolinguistics. These are mainly English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Russian. They are widely spread in South America, Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the northern and eastern regions of the Russian Federation. There are more than 50 Pidgin and Creole languages on Earth (Creole languages were formed due to the subsequent development of the Pidgin language). Creole languages are one of the most exciting fields of study not only from the point of view of linguistics but also from the point of view of history, cultural studies and other theoretical and applied sciences. This is because the number of people using Creole languages is millions. It is concluded from the article that pidgin has a strong influence on the world language landscape of users because not only languages but also their cultures come in contact. Pidgin is shaped by the direct participation of the culture of the contacting communities and serves to communicate because not only languages but also their culture come into contact.

Данная работа отражает результаты изучения одного из важнейших эпизодов в истории американского рабства и аболиционизма – дела «Соединенные Штаты против "Амистад"» 1839–1841 гг. История о восстании рабов на одноименном испанском судне буквально захватила американское общество, став предметом одного из самых длительных и резонансных судебных разбирательств. В этот процесс оказались вовлечены виднейшие представители американского аболиционистского движения и политического истеблишмента, включая бывшего и действующего президентов США, испанского консула, министра иностранных дел Великобритании и многих других. Итоговое же решение Верховного суда создало важнейший прецедент в американском праве, став еще одной ступенью в деле освобождения рабов. Указанная тема довольно хорошо освещена в англо-американской историографии, особенно в работах специалистов по направлению «афроамериканская история» (Black History), в то время как отечественные исследователи никогда не уделяли ей должного внимания. Представленная работа призвана восполнить данный пробел. Она опирается на широкую источниковую базу, основу которой составляют материалы судебного производства, многочисленные отчеты и журналистские публикации, а также на англо-американские исследования. Автор восстанавливает картину событий восстания и последующего судебного разбирательства, акцентируя внимание на выявлении каузальных связей и характеристике основных этапов развития событий 1839–1841 гг. В последней части им разъясняются последствия и значение дела «Амистад» в афроамериканской и американской истории.
This article is devoted to the study of one of the most significant episodes in the history of American slavery and abolitionism – the United States v. the Amistad case of 1839–41. The story of the slave uprising on the Spanish ship of the same name literally captured American society and became the subject of one of the longest and most resonant court proceedings. The most prominent representatives of American abolitionist movement and political establishment were involved in this process, including former and current US presidents, the Spanish Consul, the British Foreign Minister, and many others. The final verdict of the Supreme Court created the most important precedent in American law, marking another milestone in the cause of emancipation. This topic is quite well covered in Anglo-American historiography, especially among specialists in the field of African American history (Black History), while Soviet and Russian researchers have almost never paid proper attention to it. The present work is meant to fill this gap. The study is built on a broad source base, which includes the materials of judicial proceedings, numerous reports and journalistic publications as well as on available Anglo-American research studies. The author reconstructs the picture of the events of the Amistad mutiny and the subsequent trial, focusing on the identification of causal connections and the characteristics of the main stages of the 1839–41 events. In the last part of the article, the author reflects on the consequences and significance of the Amistad case in African-American and American history.

The article deals with the prerequisites and establishment of the first Russia-Mexico contacts, which took place after the Crimean War (1853-1856). It was revealed that Mexico's interest in the collaboration with Russia began to reveal in a higher degree after the Crimean War. The factors, which had led to the diplomatic rapprochement of the two states, include the Mexico's search for allies in the contradiction to increased aggression of European states and the USA in the Central American region, and the increase of Russian intellectuals' emigration, resettlement of religious groups of the Old Russian sectarians to the region. At the turn of 19th – 20th centuries many Russian travelers and writers, such as S.D. Protopopov and K.D. Balmont, visited Mexico for the purpose of studying the culture of ancients Indians, who lived in Central America during many centuries before the Spanish colonization. Besides of the impressions on ancient Indian culture, these travelers described the life of ordinary Mexican people of that time. They mentioned their poverty and hopelessness in the years of Porfirio Dias's dictatorship. Nevertheless, political and cultural contacts had begun to established in the late 19th century between the Russian Empire and Mexico, because after the Crimean War the Mexico's interest to Russians increased. In addition, Russia tried to strengthen its position in Central American region. In total, these factors had led to the strengthening of political, social and cultural contacts between Russia and Mexico.

Эскалация военных действий в Мали выходит за рамки регионального конфликта, что предстаёт прямой угрозой для государств Южной Европы и Средиземноморья. Основываясь на уникальной космополитической, геополитической и энергетической роли Испании между Европой и странами Магриба, сделана попытка системного анализа влияния войны в Мали на национальные интересы Королевства. ; The theme of this research is updated by the escalation of theconflict in the Maghreb - the war in Mali. Progressive militaryaction in the North African state are aggravated by religiousaspect, as well as the participation of the armed terrorist groups,which in their totality exacerbates geopolitical instability in theregion. In the context of the above situation remains urgentsearch for solutions to this problem for Spain, for which theMaghreb and sub-Saharan Africa region is an area of vital andstrategic interests.The purpose of the study - to analyze the features of thecurrent war in Mali, to determine its impact on Spain's nationalinterests in the region and explore the religious dimension of theconflict.Based on an analysis of theoretical studies on the problemsof the article and the practical steps, based on the unique andsubjective subtleties of Spanish politics, we can say that Spain'skey interests is recorded in the Southern Mediterranean - azone of absolute strategic interests of national significance, asevidenced by the current National Defense Strategy of Spain,as well as practical steps foreign policy officials of the state.Here are concentrated very close economic, trade, political andhumanitarian ties, and at the same time, a painful problem forthe country.The war in Mali appeared a serious threat to the nationalinterests of Spain in the sub-Saharan region, and it should becharacterized as a local hot spot of intercontinental values, withthe participation of radical Islamist groups, whose developmentin the future could lead to an escalation of the asymmetricconflict between civilizations. Malian war affects many aspectsthat in the near future may develop into more serious conflicts,including: international, energy, faith. ; Ескалація військових дій в Малі виходить за рамкирегіонального конфлікту, що постає прямою загрозоюдля держав Південної Європи та Середземномор'я.Ґрунтуючись на унікальній космополітичній, геополітичнійта енергетичній ролі Іспанії між Європою і країнамиМагрибу, зроблено спробу системного аналізу впливу війнив Малі на національні інтереси Королівства.

During the 20th and 21st centuries, the Belarusian linguistic terminography developed in close connection with other branches of terminography under the direct influence of specific social and political circumstances. During this period, local linguists compiled more than 70 different dictionaries of linguistic terms: stand-alone and incorporation dictionaries, general and aspectual dictionaries, selection dictionaries and usage dictionaries, translation dictionaries, explanatory and explanatory-translation dictionaries, alphabetical and alphanumeric dictionaries, etc. Certain issues of the development of Belarusian terminography are summarized in the studies of L. Antanyuk, G. Gvazdovich, M. Gulitski, A. Zhurauski, A. Padluzhny, M. Sudnik, T. Tamashevich, L. Shakun and others (mainly in the context of studies of the history of Belarusian linguistics and terminology). The publications of A. Adamovich and A. Kaurus, A. Krivitsky, P. Martinouski, R. Ageeva and others are devoted to the surveying of criticism of dictionaries of linguistic terms. The structure of the most authoritative dictionaries and their content were investigated in detail by V. Shcherbin who explored various aspects of the history of terminography. However, until our time, the whole field of the formation of linguistic termography in the Belarusian linguistics has not been systematized, nor are there any conceptual studies available on the methodology of terminographic practice. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of the modern Belarusian translation terminography (transterminography) and identify the main trends in the methodology of terminographic practice. Research objectives: to identify which types of dictionaries prevail in the Belarusian translation terminography; characterize the types of microstructure of the translation linguistic dictionaries; determine what challenges the modern Belarusian transterminography is facing. The research material was the Belarusian stand-alone dictionaries and incorporation dictionaries in which linguistic terms are translated from Russian into Belarusian, from Belarusian into Russian, and multilingual dictionaries of linguistic terms in which Russian and Belarusian are input or output languages. Research methods – a descriptive method of synchronous analysis with elements of diachronic method, a comparative method and some individual techniques of component analysis. The study confirms a number of conclusions. Bilingual dictionaries prevail in the modern linguistic transterminography. Among the stand-alone dictionaries, a major part falls within Russian-Belarusian editions. Among incorporation dictionaries, the Belarusian-Russian dictionaries of usage are most numerous (largely due to a significant number of mikrodictionaries found in Belarusian language school textbooks). The typology of multilingual linguistic dictionaries seems redundant because most publications are unique in their structural and substantive features. So, in different layouts, the Belarusian, Russian, Polish, and Chinese languages are available as stand-alone dictionaries, and the Belarusian, Russian, English, German, French, Spanish, Polish and Chinese languages are corporation dictionaries. The microstructure of the major part of translation dictionaries is elementary and is formed by the nomination zone and the equivalent zone. In some cases, the area of grammatical information (a fragment of the inflection chain and an indication of the grammatical-semantic class of words) is also included in the dictionary entry. Further development of the Belarusian transterminography (first of all, the Belarusian-Russian and Russian-Belarusian) needs some adjustment on the part of the scientific community. The number of translation dictionaries has already reached that "critical volume" at which quantitative indicators must be balanced by qualitative ones. This means that based on compiled dictionaries a thorough metatheory of terminographic activity should be developed that would affect both the technical and linguistic aspects of creating special dictionaries. In our opinion, one of the possible implementations of such a theory and a process step towards overcoming the crisis in linguistic transterminography could be the creation of consolidated translation dictionaries of terms that would, within the framework of one scientific paradigm, summarize the experience accumulated over a century of systematization, codification and translation. ; На працягу ХХ–ХХІ стст. беларуская лінгвістычная тэрмінаграфія развівалася ў цеснай сувязі з іншымі галінамі тэрмінаграфіі пад непасрэдным уплывам канкрэтных сацыяльна-палітычных абставін. За гэты перыяд айчыннымі мовазнаўцамі было створана больш за 70 разнастайных слоўнікаў лінгвістычных тэрмінаў: аўтаномных і інкарпараваных, агульных і аспектных, слоўнікаў-падборак і слоўнікаў-дадаткаў, перакладных, тлумачальных і тлумачальна-перакладных, алфавітных і алфавітна-гнездавых і інш. Асобныя пытанні развіцця беларускай тэрмінаграфіі абагульняюцца ў даследаваннях Л. Антанюк, Г. Гваздовіч, М. Гуліцкага, А. Жураўскага, А. Падлужнага, М. Судніка, Т. Тамашэвіча, Л. Шакуна і інш. (пераважна ў кантэксце вывучэння гісторыі беларускага мовазнаўства і тэрміназнаўства). Публікацыі А. Адамовіча і А. Каўруса, А. Крывіцкага, П. Марціноўскага, Р. Агеевай і інш. прысвечаны агляднай крытыцы слоўнікаў лінгвістычных тэрмінаў. Падрабязна і ў розных аспектах гісторыю тэрмінаграфіі, структуру найбольш аўтарытэтных слоўнікаў і іх змест даследаваў В. Шчэрбін. Аднак да нашага часу ў беларускай лінгвістыцы не сістэматызаваны ўвесь ход станаўлення мовазнаўчай тэрмінаграфіі, адсутнічаць таксама канцэптуальныя працы па метадалогіі тэрмінаграфічнай дзейнасці. Мэта гэтага даследавання – прааналізаваць стан сучаснай беларускай перакладной тэрмінаграфіі (транстэрмінаграфіі) і выявіць асноўныя трэнды ў метадалогіі тэрмінаграфічнай дзейнасці. Задачы даследавання: выявіць, якія тыпы слоўнікаў пераважаюць у беларускай перакладной тэрмінаграфіі; ахарактарызаваць тыпы мікраструктуры перакладных лінгвістычных слоўнікаў; вызначыць задачы, якія стаяць перад сучаснай беларускай транстэрмінаграфіяй. Матэрыялам для даследавання паслужылі беларускія аўтаномныя і інкарпараваныя слоўнікі, у якіх лінгвістычныя тэрміны перакладаюцца з рускай мовы на беларускую, з беларускай мовы на рускую, а таксама шматмоўныя слоўнікі лінгвістычных тэрмінаў, у якіх уваходнай або выходнымі мовамі з'яўляюцца руская і беларуская. Метады даследавання – апісальны метад сінхроннага аналізу з элементамі дыяхраніі, параўнальна-супастаўляльны метад і асобныя прыёмы кампанентнага аналізу. У працэсе даследавання абгрунтоўваецца шэраг высноў. У сучаснай лінгвістычнай транстэрмінаграфіі пераважаюць двухмоўныя слоўнікі. Сярод аўтаномных большая частка прыпадае на руска-беларускія выданні. З інкарпараваных слоўнікаў пераважаюць беларуска-рускія слоўнікі-дадаткі (у значнай ступені за кошт істотнай колькасці мікраслоўнікаў, змешчаных у школьных падручніках па беларускай мове). Тыпалогія шматмоўных лінгвістычных слоўнікаў уяўляецца збыткоўнай, паколькі многія выданні па сваіх структурна-зместавых асаблівасцях з'яўляюцца ўнікальнымі. Так, у рознай кампаноўцы ў аўтаномных слоўніках прадстаўлены беларуская, руская, польская, кітайская мовы, а ў інкарпараваных – беларуская, руская, англійская, нямецкая, французская, іспанская, польская і кітайская мовы. Мікраструктура пераважнай большасці перакладных слоўнікаў элементарная і фарміруецца зонай намінацыі і зонай эквівалентаў. У асобных выпадках у слоўнікавы артыкул уключаецца таксама зона граматычнай інфармацыі (фрагмент парадыгмы словазмянення і ўказанне на граматычна-семантычны клас слоў). Далейшае развіццё беларускай транстэрмінаграфіі (у першую чаргу, беларуска-рускай і руска-беларускай) мае патрэбу ў пэўнай карэкціроўцы з боку навуковай супольнасці. Колькасць перакладных слоўнікаў ужо дасягнула таго «крытычнага аб'ёму», пры якім колькасныя паказчыкі павінны балансавацца якаснымі. Гэта значыць, што на аснове створаных слоўнікаў павінна быць распрацавана грунтоўная метатэорыя тэрмінаграфічнай дзейнасці, якая б закранала як тэхнічныя, так і ўласна лінгвістычныя аспекты стварэння спецыяльных слоўнікаў. Адной з магчымых рэалізацый такой тэорыі і працэсуальным крокам на шляху да пераадолення крызісу ў лінгвістычнай транстэрмінаграфіі, на наш погляд, можа стаць стварэнне зводных перакладных слоўнікаў тэрмінаў, якія б у межах адной навуковай парадыгмы абагульнялі назапашаны за стагоддзе вопыт сістэматызацыі, кадыфікацыі і трансляцыі тэрмінаў.

During the 20th and 21st centuries, the Belarusian linguistic terminography developed in close connection with other branches of terminography under the direct influence of specific social and political circumstances.During this period, local linguists compiled more than 70 different dictionaries of linguistic terms: stand-alone and incorporation dictionaries, general and aspectual dictionaries, selection dictionaries and usage dictionaries, translation dictionaries, explanatory and explanatory-translation dictionaries, alphabetical and alphanumeric dictionaries, etc.Certain issues of the development of Belarusian terminography are summarized in the studies of L. Antanyuk, G. Gvazdovich, M. Gulitski, A. Zhurauski, A. Padluzhny, M. Sudnik, T. Tamashevich, L. Shakun and others (mainly in the context of studies of the history of Belarusian linguistics and terminology). The publications of A. Adamovich and A. Kaurus, A. Krivitsky, P. Martinouski, R. Ageeva and others are devoted to the surveying of criticism of dictionaries of linguistic terms. The structure of the most authoritative dictionaries and their content were investigated in detail by V. Shcherbin who explored various aspects of the history of terminography.However, until our time, the whole field of the formation of linguistic termography in the Belarusian linguistics has not been systematized, nor are there any conceptual studies available on the methodology of terminographic practice.The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of the modern Belarusian translation terminography (transterminography) and identify the main trends in the methodology of terminographic practice.Research objectives: to identify which types of dictionaries prevail in the Belarusian translation terminography; characterize the types of microstructure of the translation linguistic dictionaries; determine what challenges the modern Belarusian transterminography is facing.The research material was the Belarusian stand-alone dictionaries and incorporation dictionaries in which linguistic terms are translated from Russian into Belarusian, from Belarusian into Russian, and multilingual dictionaries of linguistic terms in which Russian and Belarusian are input or output languages.Research methods – a descriptive method of synchronous analysis with elements of diachronic method, a comparative method and some individual techniques of component analysis.The study confirms a number of conclusions.Bilingual dictionaries prevail in the modern linguistic transterminography. Among the stand-alone dictionaries, a major part falls within Russian-Belarusian editions. Among incorporation dictionaries, the Belarusian-Russian dictionaries of usage are most numerous (largely due to a significant number of mikrodictionaries found in Belarusian language school textbooks).The typology of multilingual linguistic dictionaries seems redundant because most publications are unique in their structural and substantive features. So, in different layouts, the Belarusian, Russian, Polish, and Chinese languages are available as stand-alone dictionaries, and the Belarusian, Russian, English, German, French, Spanish, Polish and Chinese languages are corporation dictionaries.The microstructure of the major part of translation dictionaries is elementary and is formed by the nomination zone and the equivalent zone. In some cases, the area of grammatical information (a fragment of the inflection chain and an indication of the grammatical-semantic class of words) is also included in the dictionary entry.Further development of the Belarusian transterminography (first of all, the Belarusian-Russian and Russian-Belarusian) needs some adjustment on the part of the scientific community. The number of translation dictionaries has already reached that "critical volume" at which quantitative indicators must be balanced by qualitative ones. This means that based on compiled dictionaries a thorough metatheory of terminographic activity should be developed that would affect both the technical and linguistic aspects of creating special dictionaries. In our opinion, one of the possible implementations of such a theory and a process step towards overcoming the crisis in linguistic transterminography could be the creation of consolidated translation dictionaries of terms that would, within the framework of one scientific paradigm, summarize the experience accumulated over a century of systematization, codification and translation. ; На працягу ХХ–ХХІ стст. беларуская лінгвістычная тэрмінаграфія развівалася ў цеснай сувязі з іншымі галінамі тэрмінаграфіі пад непасрэдным уплывам канкрэтных сацыяльна-палітычных абставін. За гэты перыяд айчыннымі мовазнаўцамі было створана больш за 70 разнастайных слоўнікаў лінгвістычных тэрмінаў: аўтаномных і інкарпараваных, агульных і аспектных, слоўнікаў-падборак і слоўнікаў-дадаткаў, перакладных, тлумачальных і тлумачальна-перакладных, алфавітных і алфавітна-гнездавых і інш.Асобныя пытанні развіцця беларускай тэрмінаграфіі абагульняюцца ў даследаваннях Л. Антанюк, Г. Гваздовіч, М. Гуліцкага, А. Жураўскага, А. Падлужнага, М. Судніка, Т. Тамашэвіча, Л. Шакуна і інш. (пераважна ў кантэксце вывучэння гісторыі беларускага мовазнаўства і тэрміназнаўства). Публікацыі А. Адамовіча і А. Каўруса, А. Крывіцкага, П. Марціноўскага, Р. Агеевай і інш. прысвечаны агляднай крытыцы слоўнікаў лінгвістычных тэрмінаў. Падрабязна і ў розных аспектах гісторыю тэрмінаграфіі, структуру найбольш аўтарытэтных слоўнікаў і іх змест даследаваў В. Шчэрбін.Аднак да нашага часу ў беларускай лінгвістыцы не сістэматызаваны ўвесь ход станаўлення мовазнаўчай тэрмінаграфіі, адсутнічаць таксама канцэптуальныя працы па метадалогіі тэрмінаграфічнай дзейнасці.Мэта гэтага даследавання – прааналізаваць стан сучаснай беларускай перакладной тэрмінаграфіі (транстэрмінаграфіі) і выявіць асноўныя трэнды ў метадалогіі тэрмінаграфічнай дзейнасці.Задачы даследавання: выявіць, якія тыпы слоўнікаў пераважаюць у беларускай перакладной тэрмінаграфіі; ахарактарызаваць тыпы мікраструктуры перакладных лінгвістычных слоўнікаў; вызначыць задачы, якія стаяць перад сучаснай беларускай транстэрмінаграфіяй.Матэрыялам для даследавання паслужылі беларускія аўтаномныя і інкарпараваныя слоўнікі, у якіх лінгвістычныя тэрміны перакладаюцца з рускай мовы на беларускую, з беларускай мовы на рускую, а таксама шматмоўныя слоўнікі лінгвістычных тэрмінаў, у якіх уваходнай або выходнымі мовамі з'яўляюцца руская і беларуская.Метады даследавання – апісальны метад сінхроннага аналізу з элементамі дыяхраніі, параўнальна-супастаўляльны метад і асобныя прыёмы кампанентнага аналізу.У працэсе даследавання абгрунтоўваецца шэраг высноў.У сучаснай лінгвістычнай транстэрмінаграфіі пераважаюць двухмоўныя слоўнікі. Сярод аўтаномных большая частка прыпадае на руска-беларускія выданні. З інкарпараваных слоўнікаў пераважаюць беларуска-рускія слоўнікі-дадаткі (у значнай ступені за кошт істотнай колькасці мікраслоўнікаў, змешчаных у школьных падручніках па беларускай мове).Тыпалогія шматмоўных лінгвістычных слоўнікаў уяўляецца збыткоўнай, паколькі многія выданні па сваіх структурна-зместавых асаблівасцях з'яўляюцца ўнікальнымі. Так, у рознай кампаноўцы ў аўтаномных слоўніках прадстаўлены беларуская, руская, польская, кітайская мовы, а ў інкарпараваных – беларуская, руская, англійская, нямецкая, французская, іспанская, польская і кітайская мовы.Мікраструктура пераважнай большасці перакладных слоўнікаў элементарная і фарміруецца зонай намінацыі і зонай эквівалентаў. У асобных выпадках у слоўнікавы артыкул уключаецца таксама зона граматычнай інфармацыі (фрагмент парадыгмы словазмянення і ўказанне на граматычна-семантычны клас слоў).Далейшае развіццё беларускай транстэрмінаграфіі (у першую чаргу, беларуска-рускай і руска-беларускай) мае патрэбу ў пэўнай карэкціроўцы з боку навуковай супольнасці. Колькасць перакладных слоўнікаў ужо дасягнула таго «крытычнага аб'ёму», пры якім колькасныя паказчыкі павінны балансавацца якаснымі. Гэта значыць, што на аснове створаных слоўнікаў павінна быць распрацавана грунтоўная метатэорыя тэрмінаграфічнай дзейнасці, якая б закранала як тэхнічныя, так і ўласна лінгвістычныя аспекты стварэння спецыяльных слоўнікаў. Адной з магчымых рэалізацый такой тэорыі і працэсуальным крокам на шляху да пераадолення крызісу ў лінгвістычнай транстэрмінаграфіі, на наш погляд, можа стаць стварэнне зводных перакладных слоўнікаў тэрмінаў, якія б у межах адной навуковай парадыгмы абагульнялі назапашаны за стагоддзе вопыт сістэматызацыі, кадыфікацыі і трансляцыі тэрмінаў.

The analysis of articles and normative documents for quality control and regional origin of wines was carried out. Chemical composition of the grapes and the wine has been considered, qualitative and quantitative changes during vinification, maturation and aging of wine were shown. The basic group of compounds contents and ratios which determine the qualitative characteristics of wines, as well as have an important role in the formation of aroma and taste of the drink was found. The prerequisites for the development of the market of counterfeit products and wine falsification methods were discussed. The analysis of scientific literature and regulatory framework governing the quality of the wines on the territory of Russia and the European Union and the existing approaches to determine their authenticity was conducted, the advantages and disadvantages are shown. The examples of using different criteria for the establishment of natural and adulterated wines have been discussed, as well as their approaches to identify and create a comprehensive system of wine production quality evaluation using methods of physicochemical analysis. The main methodological approaches to establish a wine regional origin, combining the capabilities of modern methods of analysis, mathematical modeling and statistics are analyzed, examples of their use in practice are shown.Keywords: wine, methods of analysis, quality, authenticity, regional origin, falsification, mathematical modeling (Russian)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2014.18.4.001 Yu.F. Yakuba1, A.A. Kaunova2, Z.A. Temerdashev2, V.O. Titarenko2, A.A. Halafjan2 1North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Krasnodar, Russian Federation2 Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russian FederationREFERENCES1. 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Установлены основные группы соединений, содержания и соотношения которых определяют качественные характеристики вин, а также играют важную роль в формировании аромата и вкуса напитка. Обсуждены предпосылки развития рынка поддельной продукции и способы фальсификации вин. Проведен анализ научной литературы и нормативной базы, регламентирующей качество вин на территории России и стран Европейского союза, существующих подходов к определению их подлинности, указаны достоинства и недостатки. Обсуждены примеры использования различных критериев для установления натуральных и фальсифицированных вин, а также подходов их комплексной идентификации и создания системы оценки качества винодельческой продукции с помощью методов физико-химического анализа. Проанализированы основные методические подходы к установлению региональной принадлежности вин, сочетающие возможности современных методов анализа, математического моделирования и статистики, продемонстрированы примеры их использования на практике.Ключевые слова: вина, методы анализа, качество, подлинность, региональная принадлежность, фальсификация, математическое моделированиеDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2014.18.4.001