Suchergebnisse

The use of the term social networks has spread in a majority way in the Spanish-speaking countries, not only in an academic and scientific way, but also in the whole society, understanding a commonly accepted meaning to refer to certain online tools such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or LinkedIn among others. Thus, we must ask ourselves if this terminological conception and the conceptual form are well used and if there is a better alternative, to clarify such an important field of study in the social sciences. The article compiles definitions and uses of the term, placing special emphasis on the most primitive definitions of social networks that we can find in the Anglo-Saxon literature. Based on social
scientific studies that were published in English and more recently in Spanish, we can explain the detailed conceptualization and differentiation of social networks and social media, emphasizing the way of improvement. A distinction is made between types of social networks and the possibilities offered by distinguishing between social networks and social media for research methodology in social sciences in Spanish.

This paper is based on a previous study on the representation of Arab Muslim women in Spanish fiction series of the second decade of the 21st century. It was decided to replicate the analysis in a selection of films to determine whether both media offer similar cultural discourses about this group. Using a qualitative methodology based on the characterization model and the analysis of the stereotype figure, it was determined that, in fiction feature films and unlike the series, these women have been relegated to secondary characters with greater or lesser presence in the plot. Furthermore, their participation in the plot depends exclusively on their link with a male character. In both formats, they are represented with physical features frequently associated with their community and all of them wear a turban or hijab at some point in the plot. In both, series and films, there are characters from this group that break with the tendency to associate these women with the private sphere. In films, there are not many scenes in which stereotypes associated with this minority are expressed verbally. However, when this occurs, they confront and correct the concepts with which they are defined. Nevertheless, topics such as the way of life, religion, or violence are represented through preconceived ideas, usually associated with this community. It is concluded that, unlike in the field of serialized audiovisuals, Spanish cinema, for the most part, has returned to the first formulas of representation of Arab Muslim women. This is consistent with current data on audiovisual content production in Spain, which reflect a trend of return to the past in cinema, in relation to diversity and character representation. The image of this minority in films is characterized by invisibility, lack of voice, confinement to the domestic sphere, and links to violence and drugs. Therefore, the stereotype associating nationality with criminal behavior and substance abuse is maintained in Spanish fiction.

The following is a reflection on Spanish undergraduate studies that combine the concepts of marketing and public relations.
Sharing origins and often functions and specialists, both concepts have run parallel paths that have merged on multiple occasions. This evolution has been studied from different points of view. Initially, marketing experts included PR techniques as an additional tool to grant it a greater specific instrumental relevance over time. On the other hand, PR scholars have tried to dissociate themselves from marketing in order acquire an independent position within the field of communication.
In Spain, these conceptual differences are currently blurred due to the creation of new university degrees and double degrees combining both disciplines. This trend is evidenced within the Spanish university market which, throughout this article, will be compared to other markets, namely the American and the British ones, as a scientific reference for both concepts, and to the Portuguese one, given its geographical proximity.
We will reflect on the reasons that have led the Spanish university market to combine both concepts and to offer official studies that include them in their nomenclature, far from the historical tradition in this country, where studies in public relations have been related to the field of communication, while those in marketing have been related to the field of economics.
The identification of this trend in the job market of organisational communication professionals poses new challenges to training institutions, especially to universities.

Con el presente trabajo se pretende contribuir al análisis crítico sobre la incorporación de las personas migrantes no hispanohablantes en Río Cuarto (ciudad ubicada en la provincia de Córdoba), Argentina. Se propone desarrollar una indagación teórica sobre los condicionamientos políticos, sociales y económicos que generan una estructura de oportunidades para esa incorporación. Se plantea un diseño metodológico cualitativo en base a datos e información que arrojan investigaciones recientes relativas a la temática y estudios sobre el desempeño del Estado y sus instituciones, sin dejar de atender a la lógica política-económica imperante. La hipótesis que guiará esta investigación es que los abordajes que se dan en el régimen de gobierno de las migraciones y las fronteras no son para garantizar una estructura de oportunidades en consonancia con las expectativas y motivaciones migrantes, sino para controlar y gestionar esos movimientos y mantener la supuesta homogeneidad de Estado. También se propone pensar en nuevas interrogantes en relación a las motivaciones y estrategias que las y los migrantes despliegan en el proceso migratorio. Las conclusiones obtenidas permiten pensar que la supuesta perspectiva de Derechos Humanos está acompañada por una selección de a quienes reconocer derechos y a quienes perseguir con las figuras de legalidad/ilegalidad. Esto, dado a que la lógica nacionalista, estática y patriarcal del régimen global de control y gestión moldea las migraciones y reafirma estereotipos, diferenciando a las personas migrantes de los locales/nacionales, definiendo a las mujeres mayoritariamente como víctimas, entre otras construcciones que generan tensiones y desigualdades sociales.

In this paper is discussed the so-called "glass ceiling hypothesis". The argument says that women's performance and salary levels are artificially limited by reason of sex, instead of due to their preferences when choosing their studies and professional career according to their interests and self-perceived competence. The educational and occupational behaviors of the Spanish population of both sexes during the last two decades are shown here, highlighting that in both cases they offer a stable and consistent structure that can hardly be forced exogenously.

Analyzes several recent studies on Spanish jurors, official verdict statistics, & 1994-1996 refinements to Spanish jury law to examine the psychology involved in jury selection & the jury decision process in Spain. Spanish jury law is detailed, focusing on refinements for selection made in 1994-1996 that drew the Spanish process closer to its Anglo-Saxon models. The psychology of the legal representatives in the selection process is examined as it applies to causal recusation & other voir dire procedures. The psychology behind jury verdicts & sentencing is discussed using recent statistics on juror decision factors & attitudes. Four psychological types of jurors are identified: (1) the severe juror objectively inclined toward defendant culpability, (2) the adverse juror subjectively inclined toward culpability, (3) the benevolent juror, & (4) the empathetic juror. It is concluded that Spanish jury law would be improved by official surveys of juror decision factors & using the results to inform legal representatives during the selection process. 8 Tables, 1 Figure, 111 References. Adapted from the source document.

This article evaluates the way Arab Muslim women are represented in documentaries by diasporic filmmakers and producers involved in social transformation and in giving visibility to individuals usually excluded from traditional narratives. Based on the case studies Entre dos orillas, voces de mujeres marroquíes (Hicham Malayo, 2014) and Vidas invisibles: mujeres migrantes bajo el plástico (La Cosecha Producción Audiovisual, 2020), a qualitative content analysis was conducted to examine the messages about these women and their lives in Spain, and the framing devices used in the documentaries. Although these audiovisuals attempt to portray the diversity of Arab Muslim immigrant women's experiences rather than present a homogeneous and universal image, they follow the common narrative that portrays immigrants as an external addition to Spanish society, rather than as full members of it. This suggests that, although these works come from the margins of industrial production, they do not necessarily offer a groundbreaking discursive alternative to these collectives. Nor do they provide a representation of these women that contributes to (re)defining their collective identity as part of Spanish society, nor do they provide an understanding of Spain as a place of ethnic and social diversity.

This Spanish philosopher's books have always had the intent to develop a bordered political philosophy, produced between the borders of the most varied disciplines: history, sociology, literature, & iconography. In this interview, the author of Metaforas del poder (Metaphors of Power) elaborates on what he feels have been the methodological bases of his studies on the production of political rationality in European Modernity, from the sixteenth century to our days. Particular attention is given to the possible relations between conceptual history & metaphorology. Along with this, he offers a rigorous & very personal revision of the epistemological statute of a line of investigation indispensable to Spanish political philosophy. Adapted from the source document.

Based on an historical analysis of the Mexican independence process, the author tries to establish the situation of the liberal ideas through it. He studies both the influence of Spanish liberalism & the development of a Mexican liberal conception. The author also offers an evaluation about the relationship between history & politics as outlined by different scholars. Adapted from the source document.

This article studies the Spanish electoral system in the context of problems that have arisen from the formation of minority governments with parliamentary support from parties from autonomous regions. Firstly, the effects of the electoral system on such parties are studied before going on to raise an additional issue which specialized literature scarcely takes into account. This issue concerns the in-built bias of the Spanish electoral system that favors the Right. In general, the disproportional bias towards majority parties has been pointed out, although the role of the Left-Right variable has not been studied in such detail. In this article, electoral simulations illustrate this dimension in relation to absolute majorities, alternance & relations between state-wide parties & regional parties. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

The article focuses on the impact of religiosity on electoral behavior in the context of the Spanish general elections of March 2002. Measured as the rate of church attendance, the analysis reveals that religiosity significantly did contribute to the explanation of the electoral choice in that election. This result runs against previous studies, which as a whole highlighted the steady decline of the influence of religion on voting in Spain. Two hypotheses are initially tested -and both were rejected as well: on the one hand, the possibility that the results were a consequence of new religious values in Spanish society; on the other hand, the eventual mobilization of the religious voting by Spanish political parties during the electoral campaign, On the contrary, the new strength of the religious vote is explained as a consequence of the reinforcing effect of religious identities on the preferences of a particular kind of voter: conservative individuals that, so far, had not supported the Popular Party. The analysis pays equal attention to the consequences of the disconnection between ideology & religion. Tables, Graphs, References. Adapted from the source document.

In this article, the authors analyze, through a couple of studies based on the theory of framing, the presence of news frames in the Spanish media on immigration, as well as its effects on the beliefs and attitudes of the public towards the immigrants. The results of those, confirmed that the framings have the capacity of channeling knowledgeable answers elaborated by the audience, as well as affecting their perception and attitude towards immigration. Adapted from the source document.

As of July 2022, the Spanish government explicitly requires influencers to disclose commercial content. However, there is no standardised model for this. This study, therefore, analyses how influencers disclose paid content and whether any significant changes came into being after the law came into force. For this purpose, a content analysis was conducted on 903 Instagram publications with brand mentions from 40 Spanish influencers. The results demonstrate that posts without any disclosure tag decreased by 25.12% following the law's implementation. Within this context, there is an observed 23.04% increase in the use of adwords (ADW) within the text and a slight increase (2.08%) in the exclusive use of Instagram's integrated paid partnership label (PPL). Despite previous studies having demonstrated that PPL is the most effective means of identifying persuasive communication, it is confirmed that its usage remains in the minority (7.19%). Likewise, most ADWs are located at the end of the caption (86.86%), remaining hidden at first sight for mobile users. Furthermore, it is observed that clear identification of commercial content by influencers is rewarded with higher organic engagement.

Institutions have returned to the research agenda of social sciences on renewed theoretical foundations. The new institutional economics & the historical & comparative institutional analysis have made theoretical contributions on the historical, political, & economic role of institutions, with Douglass North & Avner Greif being the main contributors. This paper analyzes the process of institutional change of the Spanish economy in the transition from Francoism to democracy. The analysis studies the existence of a Northian predatory State in the self-undermining institutional equilibrium of the early Francoism, & it follows the path of institutional change towards the self-reinforcing institutions with a contractual State on the democratic stage. Adapted from the source document.