Suchergebnisse

Проаналізовано сучасні загрози та виклики системі європейської безпеки та їхній вплив на розвиток міжнародно-правового співробітництва держав-членів Європейського Союзу у оборонній сфері. З'ясовано роль Європейського Союзу в архітектурі європейської безпеки. Акцентовано увагу на поступових кроках Європейського Союзу в напрямку переходу з позиції «споживача» безпеки на позицію, досягти якої прагне європейська спільнота – «творця» безпеки. Досліджено основні міжнародно-правові механізми співробітництва держав-членів Європейського Союзу в сфері оборони. Розглянуто перспективи подальшого посилення співпраці в оборонній сфері на рівні ЄС. ; Анализируются современные угрозы и вызовы системе европейской безопасности и их влияние на развитие международно-правового сотрудничества государств-членов Европейского Союза в сфере обороны. Определяется роль Европейского Союза в архитектуре европейской безопасности. Акцентируется внимание на постепенных шагах Европейского Союза в направлении перехода с позиции «потребителя» безопасности на позицию, достичь которой стремится европейское сообщество – «творца» безопасности. Исследованы основные международно-правовые механизмы сотрудничества государств-членов Европейского Союза в сфере обороны. Рассмотрены перспективы дальнейшего усиления сотрудничества в оборонной сфере на уровне ЕС. ; Nowadays the European Union part in the process of formation of international legal mechanism of cooperation in the sphere of security and defence has considerably grown and continues to grown. With the appearance of a series of new challenges and threats the question of counteraction them has increased.The international-legal mechanisms of European Union country-members cooperation in the sphere of defence, investigated in the article are the legal basis for the further development of the European security system. The investigation of the EU country-members cooperation in the sphere of defence gives the opportunity to make clear the EU part in the general architecture of the European and global security and to predict the possibilities of the further strengthening of EU cooperation in the sphere of defence.It is necessary emphasize that the achievement of the high level of European security can be provided only by effort integration of EU bodies and structures, the activity of which is to be directed the constant improvement of international legal mechanisms of cooperation in the sphere of security and defence.It must be stressed that none of such threats can't be liquidated with military means exclusively. It is necessary to use a certain set of instruments to counteract each of such threats which the EU has, they are: common operations on disarmament; humanitarian and rescuing operations, granting of military advice and help, prevention of conflicts and peace support and others. Besides, though the regional conflicts first of all need political decisions, the necessity in military means can appear at any stage of the conflict. It must be mentioned, that the EU has different instruments on its disposal, to react at such many-sided situations. This day a system of bodies has been formed, to support the EU defence policy realization. Besides, the constant structural cooperation within the Union has been settled for the EU member-states whose military potential satisfies the highest criteria, and who have close obligations in this sphere concerning each other (PESKO).At the same time, the systems analysis of the current state of security system legal control in the context of global challenges and threats nowadays, and the real ability to resist them in dependently, gives the opportunity to confirm that the European Union, as an independent player in the European security architecture, is on its phase of formation today.

Nowadays the European Union part in the process of formation of international legal mechanism of cooperation in the sphere of security and defence has considerably grown and continues to grown. With the appearance of a series of new challenges and threats the question of counteraction them has increased.The international-legal mechanisms of European Union country-members cooperation in the sphere of defence, investigated in the article are the legal basis for the further development of the European security system. The investigation of the EU country-members cooperation in the sphere of defence gives the opportunity to make clear the EU part in the general architecture of the European and global security and to predict the possibilities of the further strengthening of EU cooperation in the sphere of defence.It is necessary emphasize that the achievement of the high level of European security can be provided only by effort integration of EU bodies and structures, the activity of which is to be directed the constant improvement of international legal mechanisms of cooperation in the sphere of security and defence.It must be stressed that none of such threats can't be liquidated with military means exclusively. It is necessary to use a certain set of instruments to counteract each of such threats which the EU has, they are: common operations on disarmament; humanitarian and rescuing operations, granting of military advice and help, prevention of conflicts and peace support and others. Besides, though the regional conflicts first of all need political decisions, the necessity in military means can appear at any stage of the conflict. It must be mentioned, that the EU has different instruments on its disposal, to react at such many-sided situations. This day a system of bodies has been formed, to support the EU defence policy realization. Besides, the constant structural cooperation within the Union has been settled for the EU member-states whose military potential satisfies the highest criteria, and who have close obligations in this sphere concerning each other (PESKO).At the same time, the systems analysis of the current state of security system legal control in the context of global challenges and threats nowadays, and the real ability to resist them in dependently, gives the opportunity to confirm that the European Union, as an independent player in the European security architecture, is on its phase of formation today. ; Анализируются современные угрозы и вызовы системе европейской безопасности и их влияние на развитие международно-правового сотрудничества государств-членов Европейского Союза в сфере обороны. Определяется роль Европейского Союза в архитектуре европейской безопасности. Акцентируется внимание на постепенных шагах Европейского Союза в направлении перехода с позиции «потребителя» безопасности на позицию, достичь которой стремится европейское сообщество – «творца» безопасности. Исследованы основные международно-правовые механизмы сотрудничества государств-членов Европейского Союза в сфере обороны. Рассмотрены перспективы дальнейшего усиления сотрудничества в оборонной сфере на уровне ЕС. ; Проаналізовано сучасні загрози та виклики системі європейської безпеки та їхній вплив на розвиток міжнародно-правового співробітництва держав-членів Європейського Союзу у оборонній сфері. З'ясовано роль Європейського Союзу в архітектурі європейської безпеки. Акцентовано увагу на поступових кроках Європейського Союзу в напрямку переходу з позиції «споживача» безпеки на позицію, досягти якої прагне європейська спільнота – «творця» безпеки. Досліджено основні міжнародно-правові механізми співробітництва держав-членів Європейського Союзу в сфері оборони. Розглянуто перспективи подальшого посилення співпраці в оборонній сфері на рівні ЄС.

Nowadays the European Union part in the process of formation of international legal mechanism of cooperation in the sphere of security and defence has considerably grown and continues to grown. With the appearance of a series of new challenges and threats the question of counteraction them has increased.The international-legal mechanisms of European Union country-members cooperation in the sphere of defence, investigated in the article are the legal basis for the further development of the European security system. The investigation of the EU country-members cooperation in the sphere of defence gives the opportunity to make clear the EU part in the general architecture of the European and global security and to predict the possibilities of the further strengthening of EU cooperation in the sphere of defence.It is necessary emphasize that the achievement of the high level of European security can be provided only by effort integration of EU bodies and structures, the activity of which is to be directed the constant improvement of international legal mechanisms of cooperation in the sphere of security and defence.It must be stressed that none of such threats can't be liquidated with military means exclusively. It is necessary to use a certain set of instruments to counteract each of such threats which the EU has, they are: common operations on disarmament; humanitarian and rescuing operations, granting of military advice and help, prevention of conflicts and peace support and others. Besides, though the regional conflicts first of all need political decisions, the necessity in military means can appear at any stage of the conflict. It must be mentioned, that the EU has different instruments on its disposal, to react at such many-sided situations. This day a system of bodies has been formed, to support the EU defence policy realization. Besides, the constant structural cooperation within the Union has been settled for the EU member-states whose military potential satisfies the highest criteria, and who have close obligations in this sphere concerning each other (PESKO).At the same time, the systems analysis of the current state of security system legal control in the context of global challenges and threats nowadays, and the real ability to resist them in dependently, gives the opportunity to confirm that the European Union, as an independent player in the European security architecture, is on its phase of formation today. ; Анализируются современные угрозы и вызовы системе европейской безопасности и их влияние на развитие международно-правового сотрудничества государств-членов Европейского Союза в сфере обороны. Определяется роль Европейского Союза в архитектуре европейской безопасности. Акцентируется внимание на постепенных шагах Европейского Союза в направлении перехода с позиции «потребителя» безопасности на позицию, достичь которой стремится европейское сообщество – «творца» безопасности. Исследованы основные международно-правовые механизмы сотрудничества государств-членов Европейского Союза в сфере обороны. Рассмотрены перспективы дальнейшего усиления сотрудничества в оборонной сфере на уровне ЕС. ; Проаналізовано сучасні загрози та виклики системі європейської безпеки та їхній вплив на розвиток міжнародно-правового співробітництва держав-членів Європейського Союзу у оборонній сфері. З'ясовано роль Європейського Союзу в архітектурі європейської безпеки. Акцентовано увагу на поступових кроках Європейського Союзу в напрямку переходу з позиції «споживача» безпеки на позицію, досягти якої прагне європейська спільнота – «творця» безпеки. Досліджено основні міжнародно-правові механізми співробітництва держав-членів Європейського Союзу в сфері оборони. Розглянуто перспективи подальшого посилення співпраці в оборонній сфері на рівні ЄС.

This paper studies the principles of good faith and the cooperation between judges and parties, which are considered as highly relevant in current civil procedural law. According to many scholars, a new approach to defining their roles allows to overcome the basic urgent problems of modern civil justice – duration, high costs and, to some extent, the complexity of the trial. At the same time, its implementation leads to a positive impact on ensuring the efficiency and access to justice, which are integral parts of the rule of law. The evolution of the idea of directing litigation to peaceful compromise of parties and settling their dispute, has become of tremendous importance since the middle of the last century and today is considered as one of the inherent features of modern litigation. The idea ofgood faith in participating in the process was much developed in the first codes of civil procedure in Europe, in particular, in Austrian Code of Civil Procedure of 1898 and in French Code of Civil Procedure of 1806. The national legal doctrine contains the reflection of F. Klein's research, in particular the loyal cooperation between a judge's and parties' ideas. Later the national legislation of most European states applied the abovementioned during the reforms. Within the ELI-Unidroit Project of European Rules of Civil Procedure the Working Group on Procedural Rights used the idea of court and parties cooperation as the main ground and proposed to joint responsibility introduce with the aim of fair and just trial and avoiding of the traditional problems of two procedure models (A. Uzelac). The provisions of civil procedural law of many states, in particular of Ukraine, have more fully realized the idea of inadmissibility of abusing the procedural rights, which are justly regarded as an element of the principle of cooperation of the court and the parties in civil proceedings.

Сurrent relations of Ukraine with NATO and prospects for their development to develop a common defense and security policy are considered. It is noted that the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, its illegal annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, waging a «hybrid war» against it, military intervention in the eastern regions of Ukraine, constant military, political, economic and information pressure from Russia necessitate Ukraine's search for more effective guarantees. NATO remains the most influential security organization, so political and military cooperation with it is vital for Ukraine. Today, NATO's European policy focuses mainly on security issues, as well as on enhancing dialogue with both member countries and candidate countries. The definition of modern features of NATO's European and Euro-Atlantic policy and prospects for the development of Ukraine's new security policy are relevant. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current relationship between Ukraine and the Alliance and their development prospects. The Concept of Improving Public Awareness of Ukraine's Cooperation with NATO during 2017–2020 approved by the President of Ukraine on February 21, 2017 in order to increase public support for state policy in the field of Euro-Atlantic integration and the level of trust of Ukrainian citizens in NATO as a key institution in strengthening international security is analyzed. The results of sociological research on Ukraine's membership in NATO are presented, which reflect the dynamics of public support for Ukraine's membership in NATO.Key words: NATO-Ukraine; cooperation; security; sociological data; Ukraine's membership in NATO. ; Розглянуто сучасні взаємовідносини України з НАТО та перспективи їхнього розвитку для вироблення спільної політики оборони та безпеки. Автор зазначає,що агресія Російської Федерації проти України, незаконна анексія нею Автономної Республіки Крим, ведення проти неї «гібридної війни», військове втручання в східних регіонах України, постійний військовий, політичний, економічний та інформаційний тиск з боку Росії зумовлюють необхідність пошуку Україною ефективніших гарантій її незалежності, суверенітету, безпеки і територіальної цілісності. НАТО залишається найвпливовішою безпековою організацією, отож політична і військова співпраця з нею для України життєво необхідна. На сьогоднішній день європейська політика НАТО зосереджена, головним чином, на безпекових питаннях, а також на розширенні діалогу як з країнами­ членами, так і з країнами­кандидатами. На думку автора, визначення сучасних особливостей європейської та євроатлантичної політики НАТО та перспектив розвитку нової безпекової політики України, є актуальними. Метою цієї статті є аналіз сучасних взаємовідносин України з Альянсом та їх перспектив розвитку. Проаналізовано затверджену Президентом України 21 лютого 2017 р. Концепцію вдосконалення інформування громадськості щодо співробітництва України з НАТО протягом 2017–2020 років з метою підвищення рівня підтримки громадськістю державної політики у сфері євроатлантичної інтеграції та рівня довіри громадян України до НАТО як ключової інституції у зміцненні міжнародної безпеки. Наведено результати соціологічних досліджень щодо членства України в НАТО, що відображають динаміку громадської підтримки членства України в НАТО.Ключові слова: НАТО-Україна; співробітництво; безпека; соціологічні дані; членство України в НАТО.

Problem setting. The issue of state regulation of cross-border cooperation turns out to be increasingly topical in terms of global European integration processes. Considering higher living standards and opportunities for social development in the neighboring countries of Ukraine, the expansion of cooperation of the border territories is worth doing for the purpose of their further development and more efficient resolution of common problems, which will contribute to the social and economic development of the border territories. Recent research and publications analysis. The issue of cross-border cooperation has been addressed in studies of R. Bilyk, T. Brus, F. Vashchuk, S. Horbatiuk, O. Horbach, I.Zhurba, Z. Zazuliak, V. Kovaliov, Y. Navruzov, R. Pasichnyi, I. Studennikov, S. Tkalenko, et al. Different aspects of formation and implementation of the state regional policy of European cross-border cooperation have been outlined in works of the scientists V. Vakulenko, I. Dehtiariova, I. Krynychna, V. Kuibida, Y. Makohon, N. Mikula, S. Romaniuk, and others.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Given numerous studies of the mentioned problem, domestic scientists have not addressed the issues of state regulation of cross-border cooperation and specifics of the state policy of Ukraine in this area sufficiently. Paper main body. Formation of a new state policy in the context of integration of Ukraine into the European Union stipulates the importance of searching for new ways of cross-border cooperation as a vital part of the regional policy, and put an emphasis on cross-border cooperation in the policy of partnership of our country with European countries. Considering that western regions of Ukraine, besides ETC, can establish EGTC, it is important to use such forms as clusters, partnership, industrial zones, etc., more efficiently within cross-border cooperation. The aim of cross-border cooperation is to seek a mutually beneficial format of the implementation of national interests and strategical priorities of the outlined partners. As Ukraine as the Republic of Poland must embrace in their partnership the essential areas of international cooperation for maximum rapprochement with the European Union. Ukraine should make every effort at the state level to increase the competitiveness of the border regions by activating and developing cross-border cooperation, which in turn would contribute to the establishment and advancement of economical, ecological, cultural, scientific, social, technological, and travel relations between the subjects of those relationships. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The conducted research allows concluding that the potential of cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union is not used to the full. European territorial structures involving Ukrainian regions did not become an organizational and financial platform for coordination of cross-border cooperation. In order for Ukraine to implement the intention to integrate into the European Union and deepen its international cooperation, collaboration within the European Territorial Cooperation must be activated. Specific for the Western Region geographic proximity with the European Union, experience of cross-border cooperation, and existing network of institutions should contribute to the activation of development of the region and multidirectional collaboration between the Ukrainian regions and EU countries. Therefore, it is worth to remove all the obstacles on the way to the reformation of the tools for cross-border cooperation, and promote the formation of friendly relationships and improvement of teamwork between countries of the Western Border Zone. ; Досліджено питання державного регулювання та особливості державної політики у сфері транскордонного співробітництва. Подано основні характеристики та проблемні аспекти транскордонного співробітництва, що перешкоджають його ефективному використанню в Україні для розвитку громад та для регіонів загалом.

Problem setting. The issue of state regulation of cross-border cooperation turns out to be increasingly topical in terms of global European integration processes. Considering higher living standards and opportunities for social development in the neighboring countries of Ukraine, the expansion of cooperation of the border territories is worth doing for the purpose of their further development and more efficient resolution of common problems, which will contribute to the social and economic development of the border territories. Recent research and publications analysis. The issue of cross-border cooperation has been addressed in studies of R. Bilyk, T. Brus, F. Vashchuk, S. Horbatiuk, O. Horbach, I.Zhurba, Z. Zazuliak, V. Kovaliov, Y. Navruzov, R. Pasichnyi, I. Studennikov, S. Tkalenko, et al. Different aspects of formation and implementation of the state regional policy of European cross-border cooperation have been outlined in works of the scientists V. Vakulenko, I. Dehtiariova, I. Krynychna, V. Kuibida, Y. Makohon, N. Mikula, S. Romaniuk, and others.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Given numerous studies of the mentioned problem, domestic scientists have not addressed the issues of state regulation of cross-border cooperation and specifics of the state policy of Ukraine in this area sufficiently. Paper main body. Formation of a new state policy in the context of integration of Ukraine into the European Union stipulates the importance of searching for new ways of cross-border cooperation as a vital part of the regional policy, and put an emphasis on cross-border cooperation in the policy of partnership of our country with European countries. Considering that western regions of Ukraine, besides ETC, can establish EGTC, it is important to use such forms as clusters, partnership, industrial zones, etc., more efficiently within cross-border cooperation. The aim of cross-border cooperation is to seek a mutually beneficial format of the implementation of national interests and strategical priorities of the outlined partners. As Ukraine as the Republic of Poland must embrace in their partnership the essential areas of international cooperation for maximum rapprochement with the European Union. Ukraine should make every effort at the state level to increase the competitiveness of the border regions by activating and developing cross-border cooperation, which in turn would contribute to the establishment and advancement of economical, ecological, cultural, scientific, social, technological, and travel relations between the subjects of those relationships. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The conducted research allows concluding that the potential of cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union is not used to the full. European territorial structures involving Ukrainian regions did not become an organizational and financial platform for coordination of cross-border cooperation. In order for Ukraine to implement the intention to integrate into the European Union and deepen its international cooperation, collaboration within the European Territorial Cooperation must be activated. Specific for the Western Region geographic proximity with the European Union, experience of cross-border cooperation, and existing network of institutions should contribute to the activation of development of the region and multidirectional collaboration between the Ukrainian regions and EU countries. Therefore, it is worth to remove all the obstacles on the way to the reformation of the tools for cross-border cooperation, and promote the formation of friendly relationships and improvement of teamwork between countries of the Western Border Zone. ; Досліджено питання державного регулювання та особливості державної політики у сфері транскордонного співробітництва. Подано основні характеристики та проблемні аспекти транскордонного співробітництва, що перешкоджають його ефективному використанню в Україні для розвитку громад та для регіонів загалом.

The article explores the political foundations of cooperation between the Ukrainian state and foreign Ukrainians. The state of protection of their rights in their countries of residence is analyzed. The need for detailed legislative regulation of the mechanism of interaction with the Ukrainian diaspora is being considered, which will positively affect the political image of Ukraine. The author considers that preserving the centers of national identity of the Ukrainian diaspora abroad provides considerable opportunities for utilizing the potential of popular diplomacy to promote Ukraine's national interests in the international arena, strengthening international and regional cooperation. At present, an institutional mechanism has been established in Ukraine in the sphere of development of relations with foreign Ukrainians and their associations. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine is responsible for this area. The author considers that an important aspect in securing the rights and cooperation with the Ukrainian diaspora is the approval by the Government of the State program of cooperation with foreign Ukrainians. Currently, the State Program for Cooperation with Foreign Ukrainians by 2020, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of Ukraine, is relevant. The article analyzes the influence of foreign Ukrainians on political image. The author argues that Foreign Ukrainians play a significant role in establishing Ukraine in the international community. It is an important demographic, intellectual, socio - cultural and information resource of the country. At the present stage, Ukraine's national interests require state support for maintaining the Ukrainian identity of the diaspora, including ensuring that its rights and freedoms are properly maintained, promoting the preservation of the Ukrainian language and culture in the diaspora environment, assisting in the implementation of educational programs and projects within Ukrainian communities.

This article is devoted to a security issue, in particular its military-political factor which is coming back on the agenda of the European countries. The subject of research of the article is a cooperation of the Nordic countries in security and defense sector. It is focused on a regional scale of cooperation as a temporary alternative to NATO integration for non-aligned states of the region. An activity of the Nordic states related to realization of a common security policy is analyzed. It is defined an impact of Russian factor on a process and intensity of a defense cooperation, as well as the main challenges for the Northern Europe in this matter.In particular, the author divides the defense cooperation of the states into certain periods, each of which he characterizes in terms of the cooperation intensity and its priority. For example, the period from a finish of bloc confrontation, when the security matters lost its relevance to some extent and to 2009, when the Nordic Defense Cooperation was created. The short-term interval from 2009 to 2014, during which the regional defense cooperation had been developing but slowly and sometimes problematically, in view of the incoherence between states. And finally, the period from 2014, when the security and defense matters became more important for the Northern Europe, which was had been caused by Russian aggression in Ukraine, as well as by increasing of Russian military activity in the Northern Europe.Besides, the article characterizes a cooperation of the Nordic countries with NATO and analyzes the opportunities for non-aligned states to enhance such the cooperation with the Alliance. In turn, the author considers the regional security and defense cooperation as a temporary alternative to NATO integration, which potentially may become a favorable factor for non-aligned states to join the Alliance. ; Дана стаття присвячена безпековій проблематиці, а саме її військово-політичній складовій, котра поступово виходить на порядок денний діяльності європейських країн. Предметом дослідження даної статті є співпраця держав Північної Європи у сфері безпеки та оборони. Акцентується увага на регіональному форматі кооперації як тимчасовій альтернативі вступу в НАТО для позаблокових країн регіону. Здійснено комплексну характеристику діяльності північноєвропейських держав щодо реалізації спільної політики безпеки. Визначено вплив російського фактору на процес та інтенсивність оборонного співробітництва, а також основні виклики, які стоять перед Північною Європою в даній сфері.Зокрема, автор умовно поділяє співпрацю держав регіону у сфері безпеки та оборони на окремі періоди, кожен з яких характеризує з точки зору інтенсивності співробітництва та його пріоритетності. А саме, період від завершення блокового протистояння, коли питання пов'язані з обороною дещо втратили свою значимість і до 2009 р., коли було започатковано Nordic Defense Cooperation. Короткотривалий проміжок від 2009 до 2014 рр., під час якого регіональна оборонна співпраця розвивалась, проте повільно та моментами проблематично, зважаючи на неузгодженість дій та інтересів держав регіону. Та період від 2014 р., починаючи з якого питання безпеки та оборони набуває більшого значення для Північної Європи, що спричинено агресією РФ щодо України, а також підвищенням військової активності Росії в регіоні.Крім того, в статті узагальнено характеризується стан співпраці країн регіону з НАТО та аналізуються перспективи поглиблення відносин позаблокових держав Північної Європи з Альянсом. В свою чергу, формат регіональної співпраці у сфері оборони трактується автором як тимчасова альтернатива приєднанню до НАТО, яка потенційно може відіграти сприятливу роль для вступу позаблокових держав регіону до Альянсу.

This article is devoted to a security issue, in particular its military-political factor which is coming back on the agenda of the European countries. The subject of research of the article is a cooperation of the Nordic countries in security and defense sector. It is focused on a regional scale of cooperation as a temporary alternative to NATO integration for non-aligned states of the region. An activity of the Nordic states related to realization of a common security policy is analyzed. It is defined an impact of Russian factor on a process and intensity of a defense cooperation, as well as the main challenges for the Northern Europe in this matter.In particular, the author divides the defense cooperation of the states into certain periods, each of which he characterizes in terms of the cooperation intensity and its priority. For example, the period from a finish of bloc confrontation, when the security matters lost its relevance to some extent and to 2009, when the Nordic Defense Cooperation was created. The short-term interval from 2009 to 2014, during which the regional defense cooperation had been developing but slowly and sometimes problematically, in view of the incoherence between states. And finally, the period from 2014, when the security and defense matters became more important for the Northern Europe, which was had been caused by Russian aggression in Ukraine, as well as by increasing of Russian military activity in the Northern Europe.Besides, the article characterizes a cooperation of the Nordic countries with NATO and analyzes the opportunities for non-aligned states to enhance such the cooperation with the Alliance. In turn, the author considers the regional security and defense cooperation as a temporary alternative to NATO integration, which potentially may become a favorable factor for non-aligned states to join the Alliance. ; Дана стаття присвячена безпековій проблематиці, а саме її військово-політичній складовій, котра поступово виходить на порядок денний діяльності європейських країн. Предметом дослідження даної статті є співпраця держав Північної Європи у сфері безпеки та оборони. Акцентується увага на регіональному форматі кооперації як тимчасовій альтернативі вступу в НАТО для позаблокових країн регіону. Здійснено комплексну характеристику діяльності північноєвропейських держав щодо реалізації спільної політики безпеки. Визначено вплив російського фактору на процес та інтенсивність оборонного співробітництва, а також основні виклики, які стоять перед Північною Європою в даній сфері.Зокрема, автор умовно поділяє співпрацю держав регіону у сфері безпеки та оборони на окремі періоди, кожен з яких характеризує з точки зору інтенсивності співробітництва та його пріоритетності. А саме, період від завершення блокового протистояння, коли питання пов'язані з обороною дещо втратили свою значимість і до 2009 р., коли було започатковано Nordic Defense Cooperation. Короткотривалий проміжок від 2009 до 2014 рр., під час якого регіональна оборонна співпраця розвивалась, проте повільно та моментами проблематично, зважаючи на неузгодженість дій та інтересів держав регіону. Та період від 2014 р., починаючи з якого питання безпеки та оборони набуває більшого значення для Північної Європи, що спричинено агресією РФ щодо України, а також підвищенням військової активності Росії в регіоні.Крім того, в статті узагальнено характеризується стан співпраці країн регіону з НАТО та аналізуються перспективи поглиблення відносин позаблокових держав Північної Європи з Альянсом. В свою чергу, формат регіональної співпраці у сфері оборони трактується автором як тимчасова альтернатива приєднанню до НАТО, яка потенційно може відіграти сприятливу роль для вступу позаблокових держав регіону до Альянсу.

Актуалізовано увагу на питанні спільної управлінської діяльності громадських інституцій та органів державної влади. Запропоновано власну модель консенсусного громадсько-державного управління, в якій провідну роль відведено громадським організаціям. Конкретизовано стан розвитку взаємин держави і суспільства, означено перспективи участі громадян у прийнятті суспільно значимих рішень, у еволюції громадянського суспільства. ; Problem setting. Despite the attempts of state authorities to emphasize the readiness for constructive cooperation, the current state of relations between the state and society in Ukraine does not improve the situation in this direction. Therefore, the necessity of applying different models and approaches to the coordination of management activities between the institutions of society and the state is precisely within the context of public administration.Recent research and publications analysis. The issue of management activity of government institutions occupies a prominent place in state-management research studies. Some aspects of the interaction between the institutions of society and the state were investigated in the works of T. Andriychuk, S. Teleshun, V. Gelston, O. Kornievsky, E. Kuznetsov, M. Latsybi. The foreign experience in this field has been introduced by I. Belyi.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Taking into account the current interaction between authorities and citizens, it is worthwhile to focus on specific mechanisms for optimizing the coordinated management activities of public and state institutions. In particular, the question of the place and role of civic organizations as the key elements of civil society and their managerial potential in these processes has not been studied yet.Paper main body. In this case, we propose a consensus-based public-government model that can be used as a mobilization-integration tool for organizing citizens in any territorial environment – whether it is a united territorial community, a specific region, or a country as a whole.Government bodies and local self-government bodies, while implementing the process of decentralization of public administration at all levels, create favorable conditions for publicity and openness of communication with civil society institutions and public organizations in particular. Proceeding from the fact that the process of decentralization is aimed at the end-to-end democratization of institutional relations and affirms the admission of certain administrative powers of representatives of civil society, we consider it appropriate to reformat the nature of relations in the direction of promoting civil society organizations, where their role will be tangible and public, not superficial.This concerns the practical involvement of representatives of civil society into the cooperation with authorities, through a synthesis of the distribution of managerial powers and the adoption of consolidated decisions. This, in our understanding, is the introduction of a consensus model.The key category in this research is the term "consensus", which is understood as the fact of the consent of the main socio-political forces (entities) regarding the distribution of power and management values. It can be also understood as the search for mutually acceptable solutions that can satisfy all stakeholders in the management process. In this model, it is important to have an equitable distribution of functions performed by its subjects, as well as a balance of interests and relationships that operate on the principles of consensus-based democracy.The most important incentive for the conscious and systematic adoption of this model is the desire and ability to find a common language and units on the way of realizing socially important tasks. The following principles, such as trust, respect, consistency, persuasion, purposefulness, serve as incentives for using this model in public administration. The experimental platform for such a model is an open discussion platform, which we regard as a modern approach in public administration, indicating the refusal of the monological way of obtaining the true result and the recognition of the dialogue in achieving the results. Consequently, one should speak about the awareness of each participant of the managerial process of the subjectivity of state-public relations.Management procedure that would implement this model should be democratic, since dictates and excessive control over the functioning of the consensus structure overturns the conceptual nature of this form of cooperation. The key role of the state in this context is to give the initiative to public organizations, public leaders, managers, insiders, which we would call agents, to offer the field of activity on parity, stimulating conditions.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The use of a consensus model in practice will facilitate the establishment of close partnerships between the institutions of society and the state. The stereotypes of the managerial superiority of state authorities over public initiatives and functional inability of civic organizations to influence the implementation of state policy are the real obstacles in this process. Therefore, the model is one of the many opportunities for attracting institutions to the national context, an important content of social communication, the basis of coordination and management activities, which generally has a real and effective impact on the development of democratic governance.

Актуалізовано увагу на питанні спільної управлінської діяльності громадських інституцій та органів державної влади. Запропоновано власну модель консенсусного громадсько-державного управління, в якій провідну роль відведено громадським організаціям. Конкретизовано стан розвитку взаємин держави і суспільства, означено перспективи участі громадян у прийнятті суспільно значимих рішень, у еволюції громадянського суспільства. ; Problem setting. Despite the attempts of state authorities to emphasize the readiness for constructive cooperation, the current state of relations between the state and society in Ukraine does not improve the situation in this direction. Therefore, the necessity of applying different models and approaches to the coordination of management activities between the institutions of society and the state is precisely within the context of public administration.Recent research and publications analysis. The issue of management activity of government institutions occupies a prominent place in state-management research studies. Some aspects of the interaction between the institutions of society and the state were investigated in the works of T. Andriychuk, S. Teleshun, V. Gelston, O. Kornievsky, E. Kuznetsov, M. Latsybi. The foreign experience in this field has been introduced by I. Belyi.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Taking into account the current interaction between authorities and citizens, it is worthwhile to focus on specific mechanisms for optimizing the coordinated management activities of public and state institutions. In particular, the question of the place and role of civic organizations as the key elements of civil society and their managerial potential in these processes has not been studied yet.Paper main body. In this case, we propose a consensus-based public-government model that can be used as a mobilization-integration tool for organizing citizens in any territorial environment – whether it is a united territorial community, a specific region, or a country as a whole.Government bodies and local self-government bodies, while implementing the process of decentralization of public administration at all levels, create favorable conditions for publicity and openness of communication with civil society institutions and public organizations in particular. Proceeding from the fact that the process of decentralization is aimed at the end-to-end democratization of institutional relations and affirms the admission of certain administrative powers of representatives of civil society, we consider it appropriate to reformat the nature of relations in the direction of promoting civil society organizations, where their role will be tangible and public, not superficial.This concerns the practical involvement of representatives of civil society into the cooperation with authorities, through a synthesis of the distribution of managerial powers and the adoption of consolidated decisions. This, in our understanding, is the introduction of a consensus model.The key category in this research is the term "consensus", which is understood as the fact of the consent of the main socio-political forces (entities) regarding the distribution of power and management values. It can be also understood as the search for mutually acceptable solutions that can satisfy all stakeholders in the management process. In this model, it is important to have an equitable distribution of functions performed by its subjects, as well as a balance of interests and relationships that operate on the principles of consensus-based democracy.The most important incentive for the conscious and systematic adoption of this model is the desire and ability to find a common language and units on the way of realizing socially important tasks. The following principles, such as trust, respect, consistency, persuasion, purposefulness, serve as incentives for using this model in public administration. The experimental platform for such a model is an open discussion platform, which we regard as a modern approach in public administration, indicating the refusal of the monological way of obtaining the true result and the recognition of the dialogue in achieving the results. Consequently, one should speak about the awareness of each participant of the managerial process of the subjectivity of state-public relations.Management procedure that would implement this model should be democratic, since dictates and excessive control over the functioning of the consensus structure overturns the conceptual nature of this form of cooperation. The key role of the state in this context is to give the initiative to public organizations, public leaders, managers, insiders, which we would call agents, to offer the field of activity on parity, stimulating conditions.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The use of a consensus model in practice will facilitate the establishment of close partnerships between the institutions of society and the state. The stereotypes of the managerial superiority of state authorities over public initiatives and functional inability of civic organizations to influence the implementation of state policy are the real obstacles in this process. Therefore, the model is one of the many opportunities for attracting institutions to the national context, an important content of social communication, the basis of coordination and management activities, which generally has a real and effective impact on the development of democratic governance.

The article is devoted to the study of the history of the formation and development of legal regulation of cooperation between EU Member States оn combating legalization of illegally obtained incomes (money laundering). Such an analysis is relevant, since it provides an opportunity to follow the evolution of such cooperation and ways to improve the forms and mechanisms of collective activity of states in this area, which can serve as a model for best practices aimed at increasing the efficiency of both national measures to combat money laundering and those which can be applied in other regional institutions. It was stated that the legal regulation of the EU's activities in the field of struggle against "dirty money" developed on the basis of legal developments, which was formed and continues to evolve at the universal international legal level and within the framework of the Council of Europe. It has been found that the specifics of the regulation of the combating money laundering in the European Union are due both to the level of integration of its Member States and to the peculiarities of regulation of issues that are the subject of their common interest. Attention is drawn to the fact that the creation of a common market has encouraged Member States to find an optimal model for ensuring its normal and safe functioning. Therefore, despite the fact that the fight against crime is primarily the competence of each Member State, and the joint solution of problems in this area takes place through the use of intergovernmental methods of cooperation, the Union, nevertheless, introduces in relation to counteracting the legalization of funds obtained illegally, supranational regulation through the adoption of directives. The latest directives take into account current trends in financial crime, committed with the use of the latest technologies and often with the participation of transnational criminal organizations. ; Проанализирована история становления и развития правового регулирования сотрудничества государств-членов ЕС по противодействию легализации доходов, полученных преступным путем. Констатировано, что правовая регламентация деятельности ЕС в сфере борьбы с грязными деньгами развивалась на основе правового наследия, которое сформировалось и продолжает развиваться на универсальном международно-правовом уровне и в рамках Совета Европы. При этом особенности права ЕС в исследуемой сфере обусловлены необходимостью обеспечения нормального функционирования общего рынка и защиты интересов всех его участников. ; Проаналізовано історію становлення та розвитку правового регулювання співробітництва держав-членів ЄС з протидії легалізації доходів, отриманих злочинним шляхом. Констатовано, що правова регламентація діяльності ЄС у сфері боротьби з брудними грошима розвивалася на основі правового доробку, що сформований і продовжує розвиватися на універсальному міжнародно-правовому рівні та у межах Ради Європи. При цьому особливості права ЄС у сфері, що досліджується, зумовлені необхідністю забезпечення нормального функціонування спільного ринку та захисту інтересів усіх його учасників.

The article is devoted to the study of the history of the formation and development of legal regulation of cooperation between EU Member States оn combating legalization of illegally obtained incomes (money laundering). Such an analysis is relevant, since it provides an opportunity to follow the evolution of such cooperation and ways to improve the forms and mechanisms of collective activity of states in this area, which can serve as a model for best practices aimed at increasing the efficiency of both national measures to combat money laundering and those which can be applied in other regional institutions. It was stated that the legal regulation of the EU's activities in the field of struggle against "dirty money" developed on the basis of legal developments, which was formed and continues to evolve at the universal international legal level and within the framework of the Council of Europe. It has been found that the specifics of the regulation of the combating money laundering in the European Union are due both to the level of integration of its Member States and to the peculiarities of regulation of issues that are the subject of their common interest. Attention is drawn to the fact that the creation of a common market has encouraged Member States to find an optimal model for ensuring its normal and safe functioning. Therefore, despite the fact that the fight against crime is primarily the competence of each Member State, and the joint solution of problems in this area takes place through the use of intergovernmental methods of cooperation, the Union, nevertheless, introduces in relation to counteracting the legalization of funds obtained illegally, supranational regulation through the adoption of directives. The latest directives take into account current trends in financial crime, committed with the use of the latest technologies and often with the participation of transnational criminal organizations. ; Проанализирована история становления и развития правового регулирования сотрудничества государств-членов ЕС по противодействию легализации доходов, полученных преступным путем. Констатировано, что правовая регламентация деятельности ЕС в сфере борьбы с грязными деньгами развивалась на основе правового наследия, которое сформировалось и продолжает развиваться на универсальном международно-правовом уровне и в рамках Совета Европы. При этом особенности права ЕС в исследуемой сфере обусловлены необходимостью обеспечения нормального функционирования общего рынка и защиты интересов всех его участников. ; Проаналізовано історію становлення та розвитку правового регулювання співробітництва держав-членів ЄС з протидії легалізації доходів, отриманих злочинним шляхом. Констатовано, що правова регламентація діяльності ЄС у сфері боротьби з брудними грошима розвивалася на основі правового доробку, що сформований і продовжує розвиватися на універсальному міжнародно-правовому рівні та у межах Ради Європи. При цьому особливості права ЄС у сфері, що досліджується, зумовлені необхідністю забезпечення нормального функціонування спільного ринку та захисту інтересів усіх його учасників.

The article is devoted to the study of the history of the formation and development of legal regulation of cooperation between EU Member States оn combating legalization of illegally obtained incomes (money laundering). Such an analysis is relevant, since it provides an opportunity to follow the evolution of such cooperation and ways to improve the forms and mechanisms of collective activity of states in this area, which can serve as a model for best practices aimed at increasing the efficiency of both national measures to combat money laundering and those which can be applied in other regional institutions. It was stated that the legal regulation of the EU's activities in the field of struggle against "dirty money" developed on the basis of legal developments, which was formed and continues to evolve at the universal international legal level and within the framework of the Council of Europe. It has been found that the specifics of the regulation of the combating money laundering in the European Union are due both to the level of integration of its Member States and to the peculiarities of regulation of issues that are the subject of their common interest. Attention is drawn to the fact that the creation of a common market has encouraged Member States to find an optimal model for ensuring its normal and safe functioning. Therefore, despite the fact that the fight against crime is primarily the competence of each Member State, and the joint solution of problems in this area takes place through the use of intergovernmental methods of cooperation, the Union, nevertheless, introduces in relation to counteracting the legalization of funds obtained illegally, supranational regulation through the adoption of directives. The latest directives take into account current trends in financial crime, committed with the use of the latest technologies and often with the participation of transnational criminal organizations. ; Проанализирована история становления и развития правового регулирования сотрудничества государств-членов ЕС по противодействию легализации доходов, полученных преступным путем. Констатировано, что правовая регламентация деятельности ЕС в сфере борьбы с грязными деньгами развивалась на основе правового наследия, которое сформировалось и продолжает развиваться на универсальном международно-правовом уровне и в рамках Совета Европы. При этом особенности права ЕС в исследуемой сфере обусловлены необходимостью обеспечения нормального функционирования общего рынка и защиты интересов всех его участников. ; Проаналізовано історію становлення та розвитку правового регулювання співробітництва держав-членів ЄС з протидії легалізації доходів, отриманих злочинним шляхом. Констатовано, що правова регламентація діяльності ЄС у сфері боротьби з брудними грошима розвивалася на основі правового доробку, що сформований і продовжує розвиватися на універсальному міжнародно-правовому рівні та у межах Ради Європи. При цьому особливості права ЄС у сфері, що досліджується, зумовлені необхідністю забезпечення нормального функціонування спільного ринку та захисту інтересів усіх його учасників.