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While evidence shows that there are only few reliable differences between boys' and girls' brains relevant to learning or education , society takes these small differences and makes them much bigger, supporting boys' ability in math and science, and discouraging girls who study these subjects. In view of this situation, the EU Parliament encourages all State Members to invest consistently in information, awareness-raising and educational campaigns addressing stereotyped perceptions of gender roles, as well as gender stereotypes in vocational and professional orientation, notably in science and new technologies. UNESCO, in its turn, highlight the urgent need to combat those stereotypes by training teachers to encourage girls to pursue STEM careers and developing curricula that are gender-sensitive. With this context in mind, FOSTWOM intend to use the inclusive potential of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) to propose STEM subjects free of stereotyping assumptions on gender abilities. This document makes a benchmark on gender balance in STEM education and a diagnosis on STEM barriers implemented with secondary schools and higher education institutions, as a first step in the FOSTWOM project. ; Funded by the Erasmus+ program. Grant number 2019-1-ES01-KA203-065924

While many labor market studies have examined wage inequality by race, gender, and class, the
research has seldom directly considered labor market outcomes of STEM college graduates within the context of non-STEM and STEM occupations. The current study investigates the determinants of wages among Black males in STEM and non-STEM occupations compared to their White male peers. Through this investigation, it explores the feasibility of broadening Black males' participation in STEM
occupations but also how they might earn higher wages and thereby close the wage gap with White
male peers. The Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) files for the 2018 American Community Survey (ACS) were the primary data source for the current study. Following the convention in labor economics, the author used Mincer's single-equation model to explain variations in earnings as a function
of select wage determinants derived from the data. Three main insights emerged from the current
study. The findings suggested that opportunities do exist for employers to hire qualified Black males
seeking gainful employment in STEM occupations. The findings also indicated that within the Black male group, working in a STEM occupation with a college degree in a STEM field was the best route to attain maximum wages. The third insight from the current study cannot be avoided: the noticeable gaps in wages between White and Black males. Implications of the findings for employers seeking to diversify their STEM workforce and for Black males considering employment or employed in a STEM occupation are discussed.

Usable STEM knowledge for tomorrow's STEM problems
More universities and education programs need more STEM knowledge in formal and informal settings to guide learners in applying STEM learning to the creation of solutions. To address this challenge, Nancy Butler Songer, the dean of the College of Education at the University of Utah designed a learning approach, Solutioning, that guides youth to deepen science content through science and engineering practices. Creating a six-week curricular program, the learning approach provided opportunities for students to use engineering design to create and provide feedback on a trap design that would attract a local invasive insect that was harmful to their community. Research was conducted on studies to provide empirical evidence on student STEM knowledge and learning and their ability to define science and engineering. Research results indicate that even elementary-age students demonstrate significant improvement in their understanding of STEM arguments as evaluated with a pre-post assessment before and after implementing a six-week solutioning curricular program.

This volume explores changing global perspectives in banking of cord blood, mesenchymal, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells for clinical use.

Improving science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, especially for traditionally disadvantaged groups, is widely recognized as pivotal to the United States's long-term economic growth and security. In this article, we review and discuss current research on STEM education in the United States, drawing on recent research in sociology and related fields. The reviewed literature shows that different social factors affect the two major components of STEM education attainment: (a) attainment of education in general, and (b) attainment of STEM education relative to non-STEM education conditional on educational attainment. Cognitive and social-psychological characteristics matter for both components, as do structural influences at the family, neighborhood, school, and broader cultural levels. However, whereas commonly used measures of socioeconomic status (SES) predict the attainment of general education, social-psychological factors are more important influences on participation and achievement in STEM versus non-STEM education. Domestically, disparities by family SES, race, and gender persist in STEM education. Internationally, American students lag behind those in some countries with fewer economic resources. Explanations for group disparities within the United States and the mediocre international ranking of US student performance require more research, a task that is best accomplished through interdisciplinary approaches.

This study aims to summarize and expand the results of the most recent national and international surveys on teachers of STEM disciplines in Italy, regarding to the following aspects: 1) personal profile, 2) initial and in-service training, 3) didactic practices adopted, 4) school environment. By comparing and elaborating the data collected on samples of Italian teachers from the 2016/17 National Surveys of INVALSI, from PISA 2015, from TIMSS and TIMSS Advanced 2015, from TALIS 2018, and comparing STEM teachers with teachers of humanities, we highlight that: a), among the first, the feminization of the Italian teaching staff is less marked; b) in the primary school the percentage of graduates is lower; c) in the middle school, science teachers update less than mathematics ones; d) in the high school the percentage of those who have received specific training for teaching is lower; e) the frequency of inquiry-based teaching practices, among other practices, is the one that most negatively departs from the average frequency of the OECD countries; f) there are no statistically significant differences between STEM teachers and the other teachers regarding their relationship with the school environment. This analysis suggests the adoption of policies for the insertion in the primary school of graduates teachers, especially in the scientific field, the promotion of a wider initial and in-service training, which includes and incentives a more solid pedagogical preparation also for teachers of the STEM disciplines. ; Questo studio si propone di sintetizzare ed ampliare i risultati delle più recenti indagini nazionali e internazionali sugli insegnanti delle discipline STEM in Italia, relativamente ai seguenti aspetti: 1) profilo anagrafico, 2) formazione iniziale e in servizio, 3) pratiche didattiche adottate, 4) ambiente scolastico. Mettendo a confronto e rielaborando i dati raccolti su campioni nazionali di insegnanti dalle Rilevazioni Nazionali 2016/17 dell'INVALSI, dal PISA 2015, da TIMSS e TIMSS Advanced 2015, da TALIS 2018, e confrontando insegnanti STEM con insegnanti di discipline umanistiche, si evidenzia che: a) tra i primi, la femminilizzazione del corpo docente italiano è meno marcata; b) nella scuola primaria la percentuale di laureati è più bassa, c) nella secondaria di primo grado gli insegnanti di scienze si aggiornano meno di quelli di matematica, d) nella secondaria di secondo grado è più bassa la percentuale di coloro che hanno ricevuto una formazione specifica per l'insegnamento; e) la frequenza di pratiche didattiche basate sull'indagine, tra le altre pratiche, è quella che più si allontana, in negativo, dalla frequenza media dei Paesi OCSE; f) non ci sono differenze statisticamente significative tra insegnanti STEM e insegnanti di altre discipline riguardo al loro rapporto con l'ambiente scolastico.Questa analisi suggerisce l'adozione di politiche per l'inserimento nella scuola primaria di laureati, soprattutto in ambito scientifico, la promozione di una più ampia formazione iniziale e in servizio, che includa e incentivi una più solida preparazione pedagogica anche per insegnanti delle discipline STEM.

The last decade has seen considerable concern regarding a shortage of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workers to meet the demands of the labor market. At the same time, many experts have presented evidence of a STEM worker surplus. A comprehensive literature review, in conjunction with employment statistics, newspaper articles, and our own interviews with company recruiters, reveals a significant heterogeneity in the STEM labor market: the academic sector is generally oversupplied, while the government sector and private industry have shortages in specific areas.

The last decade has seen considerable concern regarding a shortage of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workers to meet the demands of the labor market. At the same time, many experts have presented evidence of a STEM worker surplus. A comprehensive literature review, in conjunction with employment statistics, newspaper articles, and our own interviews with company recruiters, reveals a significant heterogeneity in the STEM labor market: the academic sector is generally oversupplied, while the government sector and private industry have shortages in specific areas.