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"February 1987"--P. [5]. ; Shipping list no.: 87-145-P. ; Caption title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The strategy used by governments to communicate with foreign populations has changed dramatically in the twentieth century. The need perceived by governments to use such a strategy in the first place derived from numerous social changes in the 150 years before World War I, particularly the increased role played in politics by the masses organized in nation-states. The shifting strategy of persuasive communication since then forms part of a broader transformation of international political communication which includes technological change, organizational developments, & absolute but not necessarily relative growth in international communications transactions. The predominant strategy developed in World War I was propaganda, with its use of fairly straight-forward appeals to rationality, sense of morality, & hatred. Problems with credibility in propaganda led to international communicators developing a new strategy before & during World War II-one which utilized new knowledge about the roots of human behavior by manipulating audiences by playing on their deep-seated desires & fears. An even more basic strategy was also developed during World War II, the technique of structuring the situation in which people learn their predispositions, perspectives, & behaviors. Its basic idea is to create situations in which the communicator does not have to tell the targeted audience anything at all, but in which the audience, left to its own devices, can only come to the conclusions desired by the communicator. The limitations & potential importance of this strategy are discussed. Modified HA.

"April 1986"--P. 5. ; Shipping list no.: 86-360-P. ; Caption title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

During the past twenty-five years, U.S. strategists have argued that avoiding nuclear war depends on deterring a Soviet first strike by ensuring that U.S. forces could survive a surprise attack in numbers sufficient to inflict unacceptable damage in retaliation. U.S. military and political leaders have thus emphasized acquiring more powerful and accurate weaponry and providing better protection for it, while defense analysts have focused on assessing the relative strength and survivability of U.S. and Soviet forces. In the process neither has given sufficient attention to the vulnerability of the U.S. command, control, and communications system that would coordinate warning of an attack in progress and the response to it. In this study Bruce G. Blair examines accepted assumptions about mutual deterrence, force strength, and survivability, and concludes that the vulnerability of command, control, and communications not only precludes an effective retaliatory strike but also invites a preemptive Soviet first strike. After summarizing the assumptions and evaluative methodology behind mainstream strategic theory, the study describes the current decentralized command and control system that, under conditions of surprise attack, could be unable to communicate with decisionmakers or with units responsible for executing the decisions. Blair traces in detail the development of the system over three decades; the attempts to improve it through the use of procedural guidelines, alternative and redundant communications channels, and survival tactics; and the continuing vulnerabilities from improved Soviet weapons and the environmental forces engendered by massive nuclear detonations. Blair also analyzes the probable effects of proposals by the Reagan administration to strengthen command, control, and communications systems and provides recommendations for

Zusammenfassung
Es gibt eine unermeßliche Literatur über die verschiedenen Aspekte des Theaters, aber eine von dessen wichtigsten Komponenten, das Publikum, ist darin weitgehend vernachlässigt worden. Eine Untersuchung von Theaterzuschauern kann für zumindest drei Bereiche fruchtbare Informationen liefern: 1) für die Kunstsoziologie, 2) für die allgemeine Soziologie, 3) für die praktische Anwendung durch die Theater selbst. Die Autoren stellen ein Modell der ästhetischen Beurteilung vor, um zu demonstrieren, wie sich die bei einem Theaterpublikum gesammelten Daten zur Erklärung komplexer Verhaltensprozesse analysieren lassen. Das Modell macht deutlich, daß die Beurteilung eines Stückes ein Resultat der Interaktion von sozio-kulturellen und Erfahrungsfaktoren ist, welche Perzeption und Reaktion des Theaterbesuchers auf die beiden Hauptausdrucksmittel des Theaters beeinflussen, nämlich den Inhalt des Stückes und seine Inszenierung. Dadurch wird dann wiederum der Gesamteindruck des Zuschauers von dem Stück bestimmt. Es wurde die Pfadanalyse angewandt, um die Stärke und Richtung des Einflusses zu bestimmen. Die Ergebnisse wiesen auf eine Dichotomisierung der Wirkungen hin. Die Bewertung des Inhalts ließ sich als ein Ausdruck des subjektiven Reizes des Stückes zeigen, wie sich aus den Typen der beeinflussenden Variablen ergab. Die Bewertung von Inszenierungsvariablen andererseits war offensichtlich eher ein vergleichender Urteilsprozeß, der von früherer Erfahrung mit verwandten Objekten und Standards für ein aus Bewertung hervorgegangenes Urteil abhängig ist.

THE FAILURE OF ARMS CONTROL BY EMPHASIS ON NEGOTIATED NUMERICAL CEILINGS ON WEAPONS BY TYPE CONFIRMS THE NEED TO FOCUS ON CONTROL THROUGH COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION REGIMES. PRIORITIES AND POSSIBILITIES IN THREE AREAS MERIT PURSUIT: WITHIN U.S. AND ALLIED FORCES; BETWEEN ADVERSARIES; AND FOR POTENTIAL THIRD PARTY SOURCES OF GUARANTEES, SANCTIONS, AND MEDIATION.