Academia and organizations tend to agree on the importance they give to internal communication as a discipline of knowledge and as a strategic issue in organizational management. However, many organizations omit the systematic application of this type of communication and the academy has not produced, to date, a systematic body of knowledge. In order for these situations to be recognized and worked on, research work is necessary to build an integrating theoretical body. What this work proposes is to review the publications on internal communication (IC) to inquire about the recent advance in this knowledge and its applications. To accomplish this, four of the most important academic journals on communication in organizations were reviewed according to the SCImago Journal & Country Rank. They are: Public Relations Review, Management Communication Quarterly, International Journal of Strategic Communication and Journal of Communication Management. The period of analysis was carried out between 2015 and 2021. Bibliometric indicators used were: the number of articles on internal communication published, broken down by journal, year and number, most used words and phrases. The authors were also studied by analyzing the number of signatures per article, who published more on internal communication, as well as the most cited experts. The results in the 125 issues reveal a discreet presence of IC since of 1278 articles published, 126 dealt with the subject, which represented 9.87% of the total. The journal that published the most on IC was Public Relations Review with 38 articles, followed by Management Communication Quarterly with 35. Journal of Communication Management edited 32 articles, leaving International Journal of Strategic Communication as the journal that dealt with the subject the least with 21. All journals made special editions on various topics, but the Journal of Communication Management was the only one that made an extraordinary edition dedicated to IC under the title Internal Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic published in volume 25, number 3, July 2021. The most productive year for IC was 2021 with 32 articles. Throughout the period, 55 issues were published without articles on IC, 36 with one, 20 with two, nine with three, four with four articles and only one issue with seven, the special edition. Among the most used words are employee (s), social, strategic, engagement, media and crisis. And the most used phrase after "internal communication" is "social media". The most cited author was also the most productive in the period studied: Lijuan Rita Men. Other authors who published multiple times included Cen April Yue, Ana Tkalac Verčič, Jeong Nam Kim, and Vibeke Thøis Madsen. James Grunig, Ansgar Zerfass, François Cooren, Linda L. Putnam, Mary Welch, and W. Timothy Coombs were also frequently cited. In conclusion, and despite the increased interest caused by the pandemic, internal communication is not a priority issue in the reviewed journals. A greater emphasis on normative and instrumental aspects was also detected, with a clear orientation towards the solution of specific organizational problems, that is, a functionalist perspective, centered on management. This article seeks to support both scholars and professionals of internal communication, leaving within their reach, in addition to this review, the challenge of increasing research to generate knowledge in internal organizational communication.
In addition to the involvement of public administration (PA) as a catalyst for economic development, today we are witnessing the need to enhance innovation in PA itself, with a commitment to maximizing efficiency, effectiveness, performance, and to improve quality of public service. In PA, the emerging theory of innovation represents a combined effort between conventional organizational innovation tools such as strategic planning and modern ones such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and e-governance. With regard to this challenging situation, this paper seeks to present a substantial literature concerning the theory of innovation, New Public Management (NPM), ICT, and e-governance. Furthermore, using a qualitative approach based on centered semi-structured interviews, this article illustrates the current activities conducted by the Lebanese government, specifically the Office of Ministry of State for Administrative Reform (OMSAR), compared by data gathered from platforms and databases from Romanian PA such as Ministry of Communication and Information Society, OECD, DESI index, and Eurostat on ICT and e-governance at European level. The paper results reveal the significant effect of innovation in Romanian PA paving the road toward facing the challenge to achieve its digital 2020 agenda and contributing to transparency, efficiency, effectiveness, community participation, and development of public service. However, Lebanese PA should join and shake hands to strengthen the adoption of innovation in its public corridors and should cross the notion of "still born" application of ICT to a fruitful implementation contributing to strategic innovation in public services and improved PA efficiency and performance.
Public libraries, which are undergoing technological and socio-cultural changes, today become centres of socialization of communities, creating social and cultural well-being, therefore, their effective management becomes the object of research. This is also relevant in the implementation of public policy: strategic documents ("Europe 2030", "Lithuania 2030"), which guide public sector bodies to achieve a sustainable economy, also actualize the ability to anticipate the necessary changes in the organization.In addition to the usual long-term strategic goals (providing high-quality various services, programs, resources to people of all ages; developing existing collections; creating an environment that responds to community needs and promotes creativity), municipal libraries aim to strengthen the institution's management and develop local communities. Due to COVID-19, the revised strategic plans of public libraries of the Republic of Lithuania have made the accessibility aspect of services even more relevant. Long-term goals testify to the need for strategic change, at the same time raise the problematic questions: what are the essential aspects of science in the management of strategic change in the municipal public library? What is the situation of strategic change management in Lithuanian municipal public libraries? The research aims to practically investigate the situation of strategic change management in Lithuanian municipal public libraries and to discern the aspects to be improved.Based on the scientific literature, we define strategic change as significant fundamental changes in the organization aimed at positive change: to eliminate shortcomings, negative consequences and take on new challenges inherent in the organization's strategy. They are always linked to the strategic goals of the organization, are changing or touching the entire organization, requiring strategic and change management competencies.The strategic changes implemented in the libraries of the Republic of Lithuania in this decade are more attributable to adaptation or evolution, as there are changes in sustainable growth. According to the hierarchical structural model, strategic administrative (changes in management structures, processes) or strategic functional changes (e.g. changes in personnel, financial management strategy, etc.) are usually initiated in the municipal public libraries themselves. Strategic political and strategic changes in work are mainly driven by politicians. Strategic change requires leadership at all levels of an organization's governance and is generally seen as a significant factor in increasing employees' commitment to change.The management of strategic change in libraries as a process has much in common with the management of strategic change in other public sector institutions. Their management in libraries is influenced by external and internal factors, in particular public policy. Among the internal factors for municipal public libraries, the process of managing changes, in general, is important, as it was common practice in Lithuanian municipalities to work in accordance with the municipal cultural policy strategy without developing a separate strategy for the development of their own, separate institution. In the current context of increasing decentralization of governance, it is increasingly the responsibility of libraries to take the initiative and take care of the long-term goals of the organization.The public libraries of two neighbouring municipalities (Akmenė district and Mažeikiai district) were selected for the research, a strategy of mixed methods was applied, combining qualitative research methods (content analysis of documents) and quantitative research methods (total questionnaire survey of both library employees except director and deputy director usingapklausa.lt, after receiving participants' consent via e-mails).Having analysed the strategic plans and activity reports of the years 2011–2021 of public libraries in municipalities of Akmenė district and Mažeikiai district, it was revealed that the most important strategic changes in the recent period correspond to the guidelines of Lithuanian cultural policy (2010) and were mostly technological changes or technological-organizational: related to building reconstructions, renovations; with the digitization of administrative management and services; with the socialization of socially excluded groups, with the increase of digital literacy of communities through education, etc. The documents testify that the public library in Mažeikiai district, during the research, already had its own strategic plan, while the public library in Akmenė district, was developing its first strategy. Different experiences of strategic management have also led to partly different expressions of strategic change management in libraries. The library in Mažeikiai district constantly performs the analysis of external factors, while the library in Akmenė district yet only intends to do so. Among the external factors, the project activities carried out by Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania, including public libraries, are important in both cases. By strategizing activities, both libraries conduct the performance analysis using SWOT, highlighting similar weaknesses (limited funding for modernization), strengths (systematically training staff, modernized public library infrastructure, strong collaborative relationships with other public and county libraries).Wider cooperation with business is not yet visible. The library in Akmenė district sees the consideration of the needs of stakeholders and the use of social partners' resources as an opportunity, whereas the library in Mažeikiai district is already planning more active partnership relations, also with Lithuanian and foreign libraries.After conducting the opinion research of the employees of public libraries in Akmenė district and Mažeikiai district, the following most important aspects of the management of strategic changes in the studied municipal public libraries have been revealed:Situation– libraries undergo strategic changes initiated by external institutions through programs and projects; they have experience in implementing strategic change, communicating the results of change; there is no resistance to innovations in libraries; employees begin to be involved in strategic change management through separate sub-processes, while for the time being, managers take the lead in strategic change management; organizations lack a deeper understanding of strategic change, the competencies to initiate them involving the entire library community.Potential– employees would like to be more involved in the management of strategic change: 1) relatively good internal communication about already implemented (mostly project-based) strategic changes is revealed; 2) over 10 percent of employees are already involved in managing strategic change; 3) half of the surveyed employees feel able to offer ideas for innovations and strategic changes, the other 50 percent of employees feel "not invited" to do so; 4) Most staff feel ready to take on good practice from other (including foreign) institutions.This research has confirmed the insights of scholars and cultural strategists that public libraries today are undergoing tremendous change, making long-term perspective knowledge and strategic planning a necessity in every organization. With the growth of decentralization of management as well as the uncertainty due to global changes, in the public sector this is achieved through greater involvement of the community in governance and inter-institutional cooperation. Leadership alone is not enough.This research shows that municipal public libraries have the potential to initiate and manage strategic change themselves, as they have been involved in the implementation of changes initiated by external institutions for 10 years, there is no anti-change attitude in organizations. On the other hand, there is a lack of experience and competencies to anticipate change, initiate change, motivate employees to get involved themselves. This research also raises the debate questions that require broader research: Knowing that municipal public libraries are accustomed to working according to the programs, projects and plans coming from above, the question arises whether the current 2016-2017 legislation on improving library management approved by the Minister of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania is effective and meets today's challenges; why there is no methodological assistance to public libraries on how to improve their management. What governance structure of municipal public libraries would be conducive to increasing staff involvement in strategic change management? What managerial innovations would increase employee motivation to initiate change? ; Išsikėlus teorines prielaidas,kad strateginiais pokyčiais siekiama tobulinti organizacijos veiklą įgyvendinant nacionalinę, vietos kultūros politiką atliepiančius strateginius tikslus, kurių išsikėlime dalyvauja organizacijos bendruomenė, kad pokyčių valdyme svarbi vadovų lyderystė, jų kompetencija valdyti pokyčius, empiriniu tyrimu siekiama ištirti Lietuvos savivaldybių viešųjų bibliotekų strateginių pokyčių valdymo situaciją, įžvelgti tobulintinus aspektus. Bibliotekų vidinių dokumentų analizė bei darbuotojų apklausa parodė, kad bibliotekos geba įgyvendinti kitų inicijuotus pokyčius. Iš organizacijos vidaus pareinančioms iniciatyvoms valdyti, panaudoti turimą pozityvų nusiteikimą dalyvauti pokyčiuose trūksta strateginio valdymo, pokyčių, bendruomenės įtraukimo į pokyčių valdymą kompetencijų, motyvacijos.
Intercultural adaptability as a resource to strengthen collaboration and alliance between different cultural groups is an element that currently stands out due to its effectiveness in the formation of multinational contingents. However, historically this situation has manifested itself through procedures that do not exist today due to the regulation of uniform in the armies. Thus, strategic transvestism as an effective resource to generate new forms of collective representation in conflict situations is a phenomenon that has served in some contexts to performatively endorse the commitment of intercultural alliances. Based on a comparative analysis of three historical cases (Lawrence of Arabia, Alexander the Great and Napoleon Bonaparte), its application and results are analyzed according to the degree of xenophilic commitment and integrative approach that its protagonists developed. The results show that the adoption of traits that define the appearance of the other from integrative attitude helps establish a shared cross-identity that promotes collaboration. However, the achievement of the involvement of the other in a plane of mutual appreciation does not prevent resistance from arising within the cultural group itself when seeing in this transvestism a threat to integrity and cultural unity. Thus, on the contrary, in contexts where strategic transvestism is used without abandoning a xenophobic attitude or from an colonialist stance, the other group considers this apparent performative adaptation as a simulation or trickery that emphasize the conflict. ; La adaptabilidad intercultural como recurso para afianzar la colaboración y alianza entre grupos culturalmente distintos es un elemento que sobresale por su eficacia en la conformación de contingentes multinacionales. Sin embargo, históricamente esta situación se ha manifestado mediante procedimientos que hoy no se dan a causa de la uniformización reglamentaria de los ejércitos. Así, el travestismo estratégico como recurso eficaz para generar nuevas formas de representación colectiva en situaciones de conflicto bélico y cultural es un fenómeno performativo que ha servido en algunos contextos para refrendar el compromiso de las alianzas como parte de una diplomacia intercultural. A partir de un análisis comparativo de tres casos históricos (Lawrence de Arabia, Alejandro Magno y Napoleón Bonaparte), se analiza su aplicación y resultado de acuerdo con el grado de compromiso xenófilo y acercamiento integrador que desarrollaron sus protagonistas. Los resultados muestran que la adopción de rasgos que definen la apariencia del otro desde una actitud integradora ayuda a establecer una transidentidad compartida que promueve la colaboración. No obstante, el logro de la implicación del otro en un plano de valoración mutua no impide que dentro del propio grupo cultural surjan resistencias al ver en ese travestismo una amenaza a la integridad y unidad cultural. Por contra, en contextos donde se hace uso del travestismo estratégico sin abandonar una actitud xenófoba o una postura colonialista, el otro grupo considera esta aparente adaptación performativa como una simulación o engaño que acentúa el conflicto.
Through the strategic use of health communication from their websites, government institutions can achieve greater promotion and prevent health issues for citizens, at whom such websites are aimed. Thus, the transparency of these sites is essential to favor issues such as participation, accountability, and good governance. In the present study, through content analysis, we examined how active transparency and communication in health is built through analyzing the information provided by the different administrative levels with competencies in this field (government, regions, and municipalities) from the following countries: Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Spain. The results were projected according to a double axis of analysis. On the one hand, we offer a description of the levels of management of this phenomenon (structural characteristics and available resources). On the other hand, we developed indices based on each of the countries to compare the typologies grouped in these Ibero-American countries. As a general conclusion, the results evinced insufficient transparency in common; however, the deficit was less in countries that had a public health system
For anyone involved in strategy and performance, Strategy Mapping for Learning Organizations is a detailed guide to developing, rolling out and managing strategy. It incorporates the latest strategic thinking on strategy maps and modern balanced scorecards. Illustrated by examples from both commercial and not for profit organizations, it explains the underlying thinking and techniques that help organizations to manage with greater flexibility and agility. Applying even the basic techniques in this book will move your balanced scorecard from an operational tool, to one of strategy and change. M.
The highly strategic research, development and innovation (R&D&I) cycle is fundamental to scientific knowledge and economic growth. For the cycle to function adequately, relevant R&D&I information has to be managed effectively. In recent years, the Institute for Catalan Studies (Institut d'Estudis Catalans, or IEC) has played an increasingly important role as a consultant to public bodies, primarily by preparing reports and expert opinions on strategic aspects of Catalan science policy. In 1995, the IEC was commissioned by the Autonomous Government of Catalonia (Generalitat de Catalunya) to produce the Catalan Research Reports (Reports de la recerca a Calunya), describing the state of Catalan research in specific knowledge fields. Two volumes have been published to date, covering the six-year period 1990-1995 (24 reports) and the seven-year period 1996-2002 (27 reports). In 2003, in order to support the work involved in producing the second volume, the IEC founded the Catalan Observatory for Research (Observatori de la Recerca de Catalunya). Since then, the Observatory for Research has gradually compiled data on the R&D&I system from all the Catalan linguistic-cultural regions. In 2008 the web portal MERIDIÀ was launched with the aim of serving as a useful and practical tool for an entire spectrum of users, ranging from researchers to interested members of the general public. Users are offered differing levels of access to the portal and its information, ranging from privileged access—by special agreement—for institutions and public bodies to basic access for the public. Rather than offering comparative analyses of entities or researchers, MERIDIÀ aims essentially to serve as a tool for transforming a large quantity of highly dispersed and heterogeneous information on R&D&I activities in Catalonia into accessible knowledge.
The acquisition of a picture archiving and communications system (PACS) is an opportunity to reengineer business practices and should optimally consider the entire process from image acquisition to communication of results. The purpose of this presentation is to describe the PACS planning methodology used by the Department of Defense (DOD) Joint Imaging Technology Project Office (JITPO), outline the critical procedures for each phase, and review the military experience using this model. The methodology is segmented into four phases: strategic planning, clinical scenario planning, installation planning, and implementation planning. Each is further subdivided based on the specific tasks that need to be accomplished within that phase. By using this method, an institution will have clearly defined program goals, objectives, and PACS requirements before vendors are contacted. The development of an institution-specific PACS requirement should direct the process of proposal comparisons to be based on functionality and exclude unnecessary equipment. This PACS planning methodology is being used at more than eight DOD medical treatment facilities. When properly executed, this methodology facilitates a seamless transition to the electronic environment and contributes to the successful integration of the healthcare enterprise. A crucial component of this methodology is the development of a local PACS planning team to manage all aspects of the process. A plan formulated by the local team is based on input from each department that will be integrating with the PACS. Involving all users in the planning process is paramount for successful implementation.
Índice/Index Agentes y Recursos para el desarrollo de los municipios que integran la Zona Baja del Estado Trujillo. Agents and Resources for the development of the municipalities from the Low Area of the Trujillo State. García Lobo, Ligia Influencia de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) en la Gerencia de Salud. Influences of the Information and the Communications Technologies (TIC) in the Management of Health. Pérez Frías, Arturo La Enseñanza y el Aprendizaje de la Lengua Escrita: Un Enfoque Interactivo y Funcional. The Teaching and Learning of Language: An Interactive and Functional approach. Caldera, Reina El Capital Intelectual: Red de Relaciones Inter e Intra Organizacionales. The Intellectual Capital: Network of Inter and Intra Organizational Relationships. Dugarte de Viloria, Alba E. La importancia de la Bioética y las Nuevas Tendencias en Investigación. The importance of Bioethics and the New Trends in Biomedical Research. Guzmán Toro, Fernando La Ética como Factor Cualitativo en la Educación Venezolana del Presente y del Futuro. The Ethics as a Qualitative Factor in the Present and Future of Venezuelan Education. Carmona, María; Negrete, Plinio; Quintero Montilla, María del Pilar y Villalobos, Orlando. Sucre Área Estratégica para la Industria Azucarera 1900-1915. Sucre: Strategic Area for the Sugar Industry 1900-1915. Rodríguez Arrieta, Marisol Notas sobre Historia Política Venezolana, 1973-2003. Notes on Venezuelan Political History Briceño, Dimitri Reseña de Libros. Review of Books. Información Institucional. Institutional Information. ; 143-178 ; marisolr@cantv.net ; semestral ; Nivel analítico
The article reviews the trends in the development of digital network communications and converged media during the Covid-19 pandemic aiming at determining their impact on the legitimization of political institutions and the formation of a new world order. The conclusions are based on the analysis of the new forms and channels of communication in digital networks, including messengers and Tik Tok. The author assumes that the further digitalization of communication networks is accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in public confidence in the communicative action due to infodemic and intentional exclusion of certain groups of people. The article reviews the "swipe culture" of information consumption and its influence on the formation of discourses. There is a trend of restricting freedom of communication through artificial intelligence and social network algorithms. As a result, users seek more privacy and switch to secure channels of communication, which does not promote search for public consensus and legitimization of political institutions. The concept of "digital anomie" is proposed, which is a prerequisite for the intensification of protest movements around the world. The peculiarities of the use of digital networks during such protests in 2020-2021 and the attempts of national governments to control digital communication are analyzed. The author concludes that no subject, including national governments, digital technology giants, individual actors or audiences are able to control relations of power in digital networks. This reduces the strategic potential of political institutions as major players in the world order, further weakening their influence on key issues of world politics to the point of losing the subjectivity of politics as such. The search for the legitimization ways of political institutions within the above trends is the subject of the further scientific research of the author. ; У статті розглянуті тренди розвитку мережевих цифрових комунікацій та конвергентних медіа у період пандемії Covid-19 для визначення їх впливу на легітимність політичних інститутів та формування нового світопорядку. Висновки базуються на проведеному аналізі нових форм та каналів комунікації у цифрових мережах, в тому числі у месенджерах та Tik Tok. Автор припускає, що подальша цифровізація комунікаційних мереж супроводжується одночасним зниженням довіри громадян до самої комунікативної дії через інфодемію та цілеспрямоване виключення з комунікації окремих груп. У статті розглянута «свайпова культура» споживання інформації та її влив на формування дискурсів. Відзначено тренд до обмеження свободи комунікації через штучний інтелект та алгоритми соціальних мереж. Як результат, користувачі прагнуть більшої приватності та переходять до спілкування у закритих каналах, що в меншій мірі сприяє пошуку суспільного консенсусу та легітимації політичних інститутів. Запропоноване поняття «цифрова аномія», що є передумовою інтенсифікації протестних рухів в усьому світі. Проаналізовані особливості використання цифрових мереж під час таких протестів протягом 2020-2021 рр. та спроби національних урядів контролювати цифрову комунікацію. Автор доходить висновку, що жоден суб'єкт, в т.ч. національні уряди, цифрові технологічні гіганти, окремі актори чи аудиторія, не здатен контролювати владні відносини у цифрових мережах. Це знижує стратегічний потенціал політичних інститутів як основних акторів світопорядку, сприяючи подальшому послабленню їх впливу на ключові питання світової політики до втрати суб'єктності політики як такоі. Пошук шляхів легітимації політичних інститутів в межах означених вище трендів є предметом подальшого наукового пошуку автора.
The article reviews the trends in the development of digital network communications and converged media during the Covid-19 pandemic aiming at determining their impact on the legitimization of political institutions and the formation of a new world order. The conclusions are based on the analysis of the new forms and channels of communication in digital networks, including messengers and Tik Tok. The author assumes that the further digitalization of communication networks is accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in public confidence in the communicative action due to infodemic and intentional exclusion of certain groups of people. The article reviews the "swipe culture" of information consumption and its influence on the formation of discourses. There is a trend of restricting freedom of communication through artificial intelligence and social network algorithms. As a result, users seek more privacy and switch to secure channels of communication, which does not promote search for public consensus and legitimization of political institutions. The concept of "digital anomie" is proposed, which is a prerequisite for the intensification of protest movements around the world. The peculiarities of the use of digital networks during such protests in 2020-2021 and the attempts of national governments to control digital communication are analyzed. The author concludes that no subject, including national governments, digital technology giants, individual actors or audiences are able to control relations of power in digital networks. This reduces the strategic potential of political institutions as major players in the world order, further weakening their influence on key issues of world politics to the point of losing the subjectivity of politics as such. The search for the legitimization ways of political institutions within the above trends is the subject of the further scientific research of the author. ; У статті розглянуті тренди розвитку мережевих цифрових комунікацій та конвергентних медіа у період пандемії Covid-19 для визначення їх впливу на легітимність політичних інститутів та формування нового світопорядку. Висновки базуються на проведеному аналізі нових форм та каналів комунікації у цифрових мережах, в тому числі у месенджерах та Tik Tok. Автор припускає, що подальша цифровізація комунікаційних мереж супроводжується одночасним зниженням довіри громадян до самої комунікативної дії через інфодемію та цілеспрямоване виключення з комунікації окремих груп. У статті розглянута «свайпова культура» споживання інформації та її влив на формування дискурсів. Відзначено тренд до обмеження свободи комунікації через штучний інтелект та алгоритми соціальних мереж. Як результат, користувачі прагнуть більшої приватності та переходять до спілкування у закритих каналах, що в меншій мірі сприяє пошуку суспільного консенсусу та легітимації політичних інститутів. Запропоноване поняття «цифрова аномія», що є передумовою інтенсифікації протестних рухів в усьому світі. Проаналізовані особливості використання цифрових мереж під час таких протестів протягом 2020-2021 рр. та спроби національних урядів контролювати цифрову комунікацію. Автор доходить висновку, що жоден суб'єкт, в т.ч. національні уряди, цифрові технологічні гіганти, окремі актори чи аудиторія, не здатен контролювати владні відносини у цифрових мережах. Це знижує стратегічний потенціал політичних інститутів як основних акторів світопорядку, сприяючи подальшому послабленню їх впливу на ключові питання світової політики до втрати суб'єктності політики як такоі. Пошук шляхів легітимації політичних інститутів в межах означених вище трендів є предметом подальшого наукового пошуку автора.
The advent of the Internet and electronic communications has enabled companies to be more responsive to their customers. However, the same technological advancements are changing the marketplace and providing an impetus for changes in strategic alliance and partnership structures. Successful leaders of the future will have to understand how to operate in the new marketplace and within the evolving organizational structures where alliances and partnerships are changing. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the current and future organizational structures in the logistics industry. Toward that end, traditional supply chain management (SCM), electronic supply chain management (eSCM), and the resulting impact on strategic alliances and partnerships will be explored. Additionally, considering the inherent ability of the eSC to be dynamic and adaptable, the new type of leader that is likely to be most successful in this new structure is discussed.
During the course of 2015 Azerbaijan suffered the impact of two devaluations of the national currency, Azerbaijani Manat (AZN), due to the decrease of the world oil prices. Given that oil and natural gas accounts for more than 90% of Azerbaijani exports, continued low world oil prices had a critical negative impact on the Azerbaijani economy. The current situation has led Azerbaijan to establish new priorities that could help restructure the financial system at this critical moment. The drastic change in the economic outlook of the country has created the need to open a wider window to the European Union (EU) in order to overcome the current economic downturn. The bilateral relations between Azerbaijan towards the EU have not reached fully its potential, if we compare it with other countries that have the same profile. A possible geopolitical change of Azerbaijan towards the European Union could be the first step to a transformation in the structure of the country and an improvement in the sectors of energy, trade, migration, tourism and agriculture. From years past to currently, the EU has been the main trading partner of Azerbaijan and one of the main investors in the country. Current trade relations mean an open path for both sides to create stronger ties of collaboration that could renovate and stimulate the very needy diversification of the Azerbaijani economy; as well as the improvement of the rule of law, governance, mobility and quality standards.
Increasingly, influencers are employed to market not only products but also ideas and beliefs. The far right has recognized the strategic potential of influencer communication to tap into new target groups and mobilize supporters. This paper provides insights into the little-explored field of far-right influencers. We conceptualize them as individual actors characterized by far-right ideology, positioned as political influencers, actively advocating for their ideological aims. Employing a multi-layered computational approach to explore communication practices and networking structures of 243 German-speaking far-right influencers on Telegram, we derive a typology and observe the emergence of a functionally differentiated influencer collective. In this collective, each community has specific functions and characteristics that emphasize different ideological aspects, mobilization modes, and influencer practices. Despite the decentralized organization, we find high efficiency in information dissemination. The results corroborate the assumed potential of far-right influencers as disseminators of ideological content who can be particularly persuasive through their role as parasocial opinion leaders.
Se presenta una revisión del marco normativo sobre modernización del Estado y Gobierno Electrónico en Colombia desde 1995 hasta la fecha, y la evaluación de su despliegue bajo criterios internacionales empleando tres índices durante el período 2003-2012: a) El Índice de Gobierno Electrónico de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas; b) El Networked Readiness Index del Foro Económico Mundial; y c) El Índice de Percepción de Corrupción de Transparencia Internacional. Para realizar un análisis de tendencias de estos índices, se empleó regresión lineal, posiciones relativas y cuartiles. Los resultados permiten evidenciar una constante evolución del marco normativo. La evaluación sobre los índices no es concluyente. Si bien Colombia tiene positivas calificaciones en stock de Capital Humano y alta presencia Web por parte del Gobierno, es esencial avanzar en infraestructura tecnológica y trabajar alrededor de la percepción de corrupción por parte de la ciudadanía. ; This study presents a review of the regulatory framework dealing with modernization of the State and Electronic Government in Colombia, from 1995 until the present, and assessment of its development according to international criteria, using three indexes for the 2003-2013 period: a) The Index of Electronic Government from the United Nations; b) the Networked Readiness Index from the World Economic Forum; and c) The Index of Perception of Corruption and International Transparency. To analyze the tendencies in these indexes, linear regression, relative and quartile positions were employed. Results made it possible to show a constant evolution of the regulatory framework. Assessment of the indexes is not conclusive. Although Colombia has positive ratings in terms of human capital stock and a high Web presence by the Government, it is essential to advance in technological infrastructure and work around the perception of corruption by the citizenry.
