Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Overview -- Introduction -- Background on Governance and Structural Transformation-Theoretical and Empirical Overview -- Insights from Economic Theory on the Causal Links Between Governance and Structural Transformation and the State of Governance in Africa -- Overview of Trends and Patterns in Structural Change Worldwide -- Institutions and Structural Transformation -- The Impact of Regulations, Legal Systems and Government Participation in the Economy on Structural Transformation -- Impacts of Resource Dependence on Government Effectiveness -- The Role of Export Promotion Agencies in Supporting Industrialisation -- Industrial and Trade Policies for Structural Transformation -- The Role of Fiscal Incentives in Boosting Productivity -- Trade Policy and Global Value Chain Participation in the Food and Agriculture Sectors -- Trade Policy, Governance and Structural Transformation -- References -- 2 Institutional and Governance Weaknesses and African Transformation -- Introduction -- Concepts of Institutions, Governance and Transformation -- Institutions -- Governance -- Economic Transformation -- The Principal-Agent Problem Model -- Understanding the Principal-Agent Model -- Applying the Principal-Agency Theory to the Institutions-Transformation Nexus -- Empirical Literature Linking Growth with Institutions -- Empirical Literature -- Indicators of Institutions and Governance -- Economic Transformation in Africa -- Why Transformation and What Kind of Transformation? -- What Should Be Done to Ensure Effective Transformation in Africa? (Perspectives) -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 3 Sub-Regional Perspectives on Structural Change -- Introduction -- Methodology and Data -- Shapley Decompositions -- Data Sources and Aggregation -- Trends in Economic Structure -- Regions.

We use census data to show that structural transformation reflects a fundamental reallocation of labour from goods to services, instead of a relabelling that occurs when goods‐producing firms outsource their in‐house service production. The novelty of our approach is that it categorizes labour by occupations, which are invariant to outsourcing. We find that the reallocation of labour from goods‐producing to service‐producing occupations is a robust feature in censuses from around the world and different time periods. To understand the underlying forces, we propose a tractable model in which uneven occupation‐specific technological change generates structural transformation of occupation employment.

This study examines the structural transformation-inclusive growth nexus for Ghana. The data cover the post-independence period for Ghana and are phased into three periods: the post-independence period to the start of the economic recovery programme (ERP) and structural adjustment programme (SAP) (1957-83), the ERP/SAP period to the start of oil production (1984-2010), and the start of oil production to date (2010-17). The paper finds that structural transformation has been generally weak and also associated with limited inclusive growth. In part, the legacy problem relating to political settlements, and with its roots in the immediate post-independence policies, has been important in shaping these outcomes. The paper concludes by noting that there is potential for the country to move to a path where structural transformation will be more impactful for inclusive growth. However, the risk of adverse political settlements still mitigating this potential impact remains.

The concept of embeddedness plays a central role in the segment of economic sociology and social theory which is inspired by the works of Karl Polanyi. But to the extent that embeddedness is understood in a substantialist manner, implying the existence of a unitary lifeworld, the desire for embeddedness is an impossible aspiration under modern conditions. Throughout the modern era it is however possible to observe the emergence of complex societal stabilization mechanisms, which serve as substitutes to traditional forms of embeddedness. The emergence of function specific cultures, in the form of, for example, legal, political and scientific cultures, establishing a 'second nature' in the Hegelian sense, is one example of this. Other examples are (neo-)corporatist institutions which fulfilled a central stabilising role in classical modernity and the kind of network based governance arrangements which fulfil a similar position in today's radicalised modernity.