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▪ Abstract  The Rochester school of political science, led by William H Riker, pioneered the new method of positive political theory. Positive political theory, or rational choice theory, represents the attempt to build formal models of collective decision-making processes, often relying on the assumption of self-interested rational action. This method has been used to study such political processes as elections, legislative behavior, public goods, and treaty formation and diplomatic strategy in international relations. In this article, we provide a retrospective account of the Rochester school, which discusses Riker's theoretical synthesis and his institution building in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. We discuss some of the most important Rochester school contributions related to spatial models of voting, agenda setting, structure-induced equilibria, heresthetics, game theory, and political theory. We also briefly situate positive political theory within the larger context of political science and economics.

Nanowires (NWs) with embedded zero-dimensional (0D) quantum dots (QDs) have interesting fundamental properties attractive for a variety of applications. The properties of such embedded QDs can be controlled by 0D quantum confinement and also via strain engineering in axial or radial heterostructures of the nanowire system. We evaluate the electronic structure of QDs, which are formed in the Ga(N, As) shell of the GaAs/Ga(N, As) core-shell NWs due to alloy fluctuations. It is found that the principal quantization axis of the studied QDs is primarily oriented along the NW axis, based on the performed polarizationresolved magneto-photoluminescence measurements. We also show that the QDs exhibit a large spectrally dependent variation of the valence band character, which changes from pure heavy-hole states for the low-energy QD emitters to the mixed light-hole heavy-hole states for the QDs emitting at high energies. We ascribe these changes to combined effects of the uniaxial strain caused by the lattice mismatch between the GaAs core and the Ga(N, As) shell, and the local strain/lattice distortion within the short-range fluctuations in the N content. The obtained results underline the importance of the local strain for valence band engineering in hybrid NW structures with embedded QDs. ; Funding Agencies|Swedish Energy Agency [P40119-1]; Swedish Research Council [2015-05532]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009 00971]; KAKENHI from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [16H05970, 23686004]; Kato Foundation for Promotion of Science; Kurata Memorial Hitachi Science and Technology Foundation; Murata Science Foundation