Energy has been the most contested meta since the mid-19th century. Since energy was utilized for light and heating at first and later for industrial production it has become one of the indispensable element of social and economic life. In line with the industrial and technological development, increasing energy need and consumption have become one of the indicators of power in economic, political and social areas since having political power depends on a strong economy. Also, energy is a fundamental factor in contemporary economy. Therefore, states struggle to have necessary energy resources, keep energy routes under control and access to energy easy and cheaply. Since the states do not have an equal position in energy reserves, there occurs a struggle to possess and access to energy resources. On the other hand, it has to be noted that possession of energy resources does not mean that that state has economic and political power. Since energy is an area of contesting global powers, it may lead to political, economic and social instability. It is possible to test the above statement by looking at the present and potential conflict areas in the world. Energy creates political as well as economic dependency between energy supplying and consuming countries. In order to mitigate the effects of this dependency, regional and global cooperation occurs. On the other hand, energy becoming a political tool with high economic and political cost has led states, both suppliers and consumers, to alternative energy resources. Thus, it is possible to explain why states with high levels of income from energy resources started to invest in other areas that can create income, such as tourism. Another issue is the legal and environmental problems occurring during the extraction and transportation of energy resources. Environment and environmental problems are top in the agenda of the world since the end of 21st century. Huge environmental contaminations on land and sea occurring during production and transportation of fossil fuel demonstrates the importance of the issue. In the light of all these issues, 1. International Eurasia Energy Problems Symposium has been held in 28-30 May 2015 at İzmir Katip Çelebi University by the Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences in order to host as an academic platform for up-to-date ideas and opinions. During the symposium, experts on the area found opportunity to express their opinions in areas of energy supply and security, alternative energy resources, legal and environmental problems, regional political and economic conflicts and contesting global powers. Definitely, hosting an international symposium is hard work. However, consecutive success makes hard work a pleasure and proud for organizers and supporters. There is no doubt that organizing conferences, meetings and symposiums necessitates team work. On the other hand, individuals and institutions who chair these teams and give support financially and morally have to be mentioned. Therefore, we thank to the rector of İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Prof. Dr. Galip AKHAN, who encouraged the symposium. Also, we thank to the dean of the Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Prof. Dr. İbrahim Attila ACAR, who cultivated fast and practical solutions to problems occurred during the organization and demonstrated patience, harmony and understanding; and to the president of the organization board Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nesrin DEMİR from the Department of International Relations, who has a ii significant share in the success of the symposium with her never-ending energy and enthusiasm. In the symposium held in 28-30 May, the participants, who sent the full texts of their work, bear the legal and academic responsibilities. During the editing process, meaning and content of their work have been kept.
Yerelleştirme endüstrisi, bilindiği gibi 1990'ların başından itibaren popüler hale gelmiştir. Bu popülerlik kendini önce yazılım, sonra da internetin yaygınlaşmasıyla websitesi yerelleştirmesi alanında hissettirmiştir. Ancak bununla beraber, diğer bir üçüncü alan daha ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu alan oyun yerelleştirmesi olarak bilinir. Oyun yerelleştirmesi alanında öne çıkan etmen oyuncunun oyunu kendi dilinde alımlamasını sağlayarak, oyunu daha ilgi çekici hale getirmek ve oynanabilirliği artırmaktır. Ayrıca, oyun yerelleştirmesi alanında, yazılım ve websitesi yerelleştirmesinden farklı olarak eğlendirmek ve böylelikle oyunun diğer dillerde satışını artırmak vardır. Eğlence endüstrisi alanında önemli bir hasılat getiren oyun yerelleştirmesi bazı dillerde/bölgelerde ise profesyonel anlamda nispeten yeni bir alan olduğundan sadece gönüllü kullanıcılar tarafından yapılır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada Wolfenstein serilerinin en sonuncusu olan 5 Mayıs 2015 tarihli The Old Blood oyununun İngilizce dil dosyasından Türkçeye gönüllü bir kullanıcı tarafından yerelleştirilmiş versiyonunda benimsenen çeviri yaklaşımları incelenmiş ve bunun oyunun ilgi çekiciliğini, oynanabilirliğini, artırıp artırmadığı tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda ayrıca yerelleştirilmiş versiyonla ilgili erek kullanıcı yorumlarına da yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada, metne dayalı bir yaklaşım izlenmiş ve gerekli görülen noktalarda gönüllü oyun yerelleştirmesi ekibinden ilgili kişiyle mülakat yapılmıştır. ; As known, the localization industry has become popular since the early 1990s. The popularity of the industry first come out in the software and then website localization with the widespread use of the internet. However, another third field was also added to the industry, which is the game localization. The striking factor in the game localization is to enable the target gamer to receive the game in his/her own language by making it more attractive and thus increasing the playability. In addition, what makes game localization different from other two fields of localization is to entertain the gamer and thus to increase the sales of the game in various languages. Making a huge profit in the entertainment industry, game localization is however performed by voluntary users in some regions/languages as it still a budding field in the professional setting. In this context, the non-professionally Turkish localized version of the Wolfenstein The Old Blood from the English language file,having been released on May 5, 2015 was analyzed in terms of the translational approaches adopted by a voluntary user taking responsibility in its localization and whether these approaches have increased the game play level or not was also discussed. Besides, user comments were included regarding the localized version. In this paper, a text based approach was adopted and an interview was conducted with the responsible person working in the non-professional team of the game localization projects.
Seçimler, demokratik yapıların beraberinde getirdiği hem önemli bir hak, hem de yerine getirilmesi gereken bir yükümlülüktür. Belirli birtakım şartları taşıyarak seçmen hüviyeti kazanmış bireylerin yönetsel yapıya sinen iradelerinin, tercihlerinin tezahürüdür. Demokratik yapıda daha dar kapsamda gerçekleştirilen yerel seçimler ise, yerel yönetime ilişkin bir irade beyanı niteliği taşımakta, bireyin özgürce yaptığı yerel bir siyasi tercihi ortaya koymaktadır. Bireyin kararına etki edebilmenin tek yolunun onu ikna etmek olduğu bu yapıda, yerel seçim kampanyaları ikna işlevini üstlenen yegane enstrümanlardır. Söz konusu enstrümanlar ne denli etkili kullanılabilirse, seçmen tercihine o kadar etkide bulunulabilir ve yerel seçimden istenen başarı o denli elde edilebilir. Bu bağlamda, yerel seçim kampanyalarının seçmen tercihi üzerindeki etkisine odaklanan çalışma, Sivas örneğinde gerçekleştirilen bir alan araştırmasına dayanmaktadır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler göstermektedir ki, yerel seçim kampanyaları yerel seçimler için gerekli, seçmenin aday tercihinde etkili ve genel seçim kampanyaları kadar özen gösterilmesi gereken kampanyalardır. Bu kampanyaların aktardığı bilgiler güvenilirlik açısından genel itibariyle sorunlu olarak algılanmakta, halkı kutuplaştırması, kaynak israfı ve gürültü kirliliği en olumsuz yanı olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Kampanya yapısına, yapılacak icraatlara, iletişim araç ve yöntemlerine, partiye, hassasiyet gösterilecek konulara, başkan adayına ve siyasi rakiplere ilişkin unsurlar farklı düzeyde de olsa etkileşimsel bir biçimde yerel seçim kampanyasının başarısında rol oynamakta; söz konusu kampanyalar seçmenler üzerinde daha çok ilgilendirici, bilgilendirici, yönlendirici ve pekiştirici bir işlev üstlenmektedir ; Elections, which democratic structures bring about, lead both to an important right and a liability to be fulfilled. For the sustainability of the existing democratic structures, elections are held at regular intervals and according to predetermined criteria and legal regulations. Only in this way, can the will and preferences of the individuals who acquire a franchise by possessing requisite qualifications, be reflected in a governmental structure. Local elections, which are held in a narrower scope in democratic structure, indicate the declaration of intention with regard to local government and present local political preferences individuals makes freely. In this respect, local elections, in which local political actors are elected is not very much different from general elections with the political atmosphere, contacts established with electorates, the activities engaged in and success or failure that comes as a result of these activities. During local elections two way interactions with voters are established and campaigns aiming to persuade electorates are carried out to affect their voting behaviors. In this context where the only way to influence individuals decisions is persuasion, local election campaigns are the only instruments that can fulfill the function of persuasion. The more influential these instruments are, the more influential they can be on voters' choice, and thus the more successful parties will be in local elections. Based on these presuppositions, the study, which aims to reveal the effects of local election campaigns on voters, is based on field research in Sivas sample. In this study, which is in general survey model, purposeful sampling was used and face-to-face interviews were conducted with voters. Data were collected by asking multi-dimensional question to voters in Sivas with regard to their assessments of local election campaigns. In this context, the study sought to answer the following research questions: Research Question 1: What are the views of participants with regard to local election campaigns and to what extend views are determined by the profile of participants? Research Question 2: What elements of local election campaigns do participants attach importance to and to what extend are they valued? Research Question 3: What kind of distribution do valued elements of Local Election Campaigns show in terms of participant profile? Research Question 4: What functions do local election campaigns fulfill and to what extend are these function fulfilled? The results of the study can be summarized as follows:Local election campaigns have potential effect on voters' candidate preferences. It was found that those who are strongly linked to the party they think of voting for, who show great interest to politics, artisans and self-employed people are more influenced from local election campaigns. There is a common opinion that local election campaigns are given as much importance as general elections and local election campaigns are necessary for local elections. Those who are strongly tied to the party they think of voting for, those who show strong interest in politics, those who position themselves in the left, industrialists-tradesmen, retired people, students and self-employed people believe more profoundly that local election campaigns are necessary for local elections. Local election campaigns are generally perceived to be problematic in terms of the reliability of the information they transmit. In line with this, it was found that those who are strongly linked to the party, those who show strong interest in politics, housewives, artisans and women have more optimistic views with regard to the information transmitted in local election campaigns. The most negative sides of local election campaigns are that they polarize people, cause waste of resources and noise pollution. While male voters focus on waste of resources and polarization of people as negative sides of campaigns, female voters emphasize polarization of people and noise pollution. For married people the most negative sides are the waste of resources and polarization of people, while single people emphasize polarization of people and noise pollution as negative sides. Those aged between 18 and 28 emphasize polarization of people and noise pollution, according to those aged between 29 and 39 waste of resources and polarization of people are the most negative sides and for those aged between 40 and 50 polarization of people and waste of resources are the most negative sides. Those aged 51 and above emphasize noise pollution and waste of resources as the most negative sides of local elections. The elements regarded important in local election campaigns are categorized under seven headings: campaign's structure, actions to be taken, means and methods of communication, the party, the issues to be sensitive to, the mayor candidate, and political rivals. Although they have different levels of influence, all of these elements play an interactional role in the success of local election campaigns. In this context, those who show very high interest in politics value the elements of campaign structure more compared to those who show very weak interest in politics. Besides, those whose monthly family income is between 1001 and 2000 TL compared to those whose monthly family income is 3001 TL and above and female voters compared to male voters value the elements with regard to campaign structure more. Those who are very strongly and strongly tied to the party they think of voting for regard the elements with regard to the actions to be taken more important compared to those who are very weakly linked to the party. Those who are strongly, very strongly or mildly linked to the party they think of voting for value means and methods of communication more compared to those who are very weakly linked to their party. Those who show high, very high or mild interest in politics value means and methods of communication more compared to those who show very low interest in politics. And those who show high interest in politics value means and methods of communication compared to those mildly interested in politics. Those who position themselves to the left or center-right value means and methods of communication compared to those who does not position themselves in any category and those aged between 18 and 28 value means and methods of communication more than those aged 51 and above. Those who are very strongly, strongly, weakly and mildly tied to the party they think of voting for, value party related issues more than those who are very weakly tied to the party they think of voting for. Those who are very strongly linked to the party they vote for value party related to issues more compared to those who are mildly linked to the party. Those who are highly interested in politics value party related to issues more compared to those who are mildly interested in politics. Those who position themselves in the center-left, radical right and center-right value party related to issues more than those who do not position themselves in any category and women value party related to issues more compared to men. There is no significant difference in terms of the issues to be sensitive to according to participant profile. Those who are very strongly linked to the party they vote for attach more importance to the issues related to mayor candidate compared to those who are very weakly or mildly linked to their parties. Those who show strong interest in politics attach more importance to the issues related to mayor candidates compared to those who have mild level interest to politics. Those who are very strongly and strongly attached to the party they think of voting for perceive elements with regard to political rivals more important compared to those who are very weakly linked. Those who feel very strongly attached to their parties perceive elements with regard to political rivals more important compared to those who feel mildly attached to their parties. Those who show very strong interest in politics perceive elements with regard to political rivals more important compared to those who show very weak and mild level of interest. Besides, those who show strong interest in politics perceive elements with regard to political rivals more important compared to those who show very weak, mild level or weak interest in politics. Those who position themselves in center-left, radical right and center right perceive elements with regard to political rivals more important compared to those who do not position themselves anywhere. Literate voters perceive elements with regard to political rivals more important compared to primary school graduates. Those whose monthly family income level is between 1001 and 2000 TL perceive elements with regard to political rivals more important compared to those whose monthly family income level is 3001 TL and above. It is thought that local election campaigns fulfill their functions at a medium level it mostly fulfilled its interest attracting, informative, directive and consolidating function, and fulfill its educational, transformational, entertaining and socializing function at the lowest level. In this context, for the success of local election campaigns the followings are the basic criteria: campaigns are to be conducted according to the region or city, micro level and region specific action plans should be adopted, rigorous and detailed plans should be developed, an effective campaign team should be organized, steps to be taken in short, medium and long term are to be planned carefully, application of this plan should be checked and the people who carry out the campaign should have the consciousness that they are not alone in local elections and that they are in a contest for votes with different rivals.
